Etymologie, Etimología, Étymologie, Etimologia, Etymology, (griech.) etymología, (lat.) etymologia, (esper.) etimologio
UK Vereinigtes Königreich Großbritannien und Nordirland, Reino Unido de Gran Bretaña e Irlanda del Norte, Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord, Regno Unito di Gran Bretagna e Irlanda del Nord, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, (esper.) Britujo
eXterne Wortlisten, (esper.) eksteruloj vortlistoj
XWHist - Word Histories

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XWHist
Word Histories

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word histories

“AD FONTES!”


Erstellt: 2023-01

XWHist
Word Histories

(E?)(L?) https://wordhistories.net/alphabetical-index/

ALPHABETICAL INDEX

A – B – C – D – E – F – G – H – I – J – K – L – M – N – O – P – Q – R – S – T – U – V – W – X – Y – Z – numerals – miscellany


Erstellt: 2023-01

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    2023-08

    ‘IDIOT FRINGE’: MEANINGS AND ORIGIN 31st Aug 2023.Reading time 10 minutes. USA, 1927: a minority group regarded as eccentric, extremist or fanatical, or simply stupid—but originally, UK, 1873: a woman or girl’s hairstyle in which the front is cut straight and square across the forehead READ MORE ‘TOM THUMB’ USED IN REFERENCE TO GOLF 30th Aug 2023.Reading time 11 minutes. first used by Frieda Carter, Tennessee, 1928—in expressions such as ‘Tom Thumb golf course’, ‘Tom Thumb’ refers to a form of golf played on a small-scale course, or to a novelty putting course consisting of a variety of obstacles READ MORE ‘MUGSHOT’: MEANING AND ORIGIN 29th Aug 2023.Reading time 7 minutes. U.S. slang, 1935—a photograph of a person’s face, especially in police or other official records—from ‘mug’ (a person’s face) and ‘shot’ (a single photographic exposure) READ MORE A FIGURATIVE USE OF ‘TIGER’ 25th Aug 2023.Reading time 11 minutes. characterises a person who has an insatiable appetite for something—especially in ‘tiger for work’ (Australia, 1857) and ‘tiger for punishment’ (New Zealand, 1911) READ MORE ‘TO PUT SPORT BACK ON THE FRONT PAGES’: MEANING AND ORIGIN 23rd Aug 2023.Reading time 8 minutes. Australia, 1978—used of a desirable state of political stability—alludes to a remark made by Malcolm Fraser, Leader of the Liberal Party, during the campaign for the 1975 Australian federal election READ MORE ‘JUKEBOX’: MEANING AND ORIGIN 22nd Aug 2023.Reading time 10 minutes. a coin-operated phonograph (typically in a gaudy, illuminated cabinet) having a variety of records that can be selected by push button—USA, 1939—earlier appellation: jook organ (Florida, 1937) READ MORE ‘GAIETY OF NATIONS’: MEANING AND ORIGIN 21st Aug 2023.Reading time 12 minutes. enjoyment or pleasure shared by a large number of people—coined by Samuel Johnson in his posthumous homage to David Garrick published in Prefaces, biographical and critical, to the works of the English poets (London, 1779) READ MORE ‘TO MAKE THE FUR FLY’: MEANING AND ORIGIN 20th Aug 2023.Reading time 9 minutes. to cause trouble or an argument—USA, 1814—based on the image of cats fighting READ MORE ‘RUMPY-PUMPY’: MEANING AND ORIGIN 19th Aug 2023.Reading time 7 minutes. sexual intercourse—Scotland, 1968—reduplication (with variation of the initial consonant and addition of the suffix ‘-y’) of the noun ‘rump’, denoting a person’s buttocks READ MORE ‘STONE THE CROWS’: MEANING AND ORIGIN 11th Aug 2023.Reading time 10 minutes. exclamation of surprise, regret or disgust—New Zealand and Australia, early 20th century—one of several similar phrases, such as ‘starve the rats’, expressing those feelings READ MORE ‘MONOKINI’: MEANING, ORIGIN AND EARLY OCCURRENCES 9th Aug 2023.Reading time 13 minutes. a woman’s topless swimsuit, consisting of the lower half of a bikini—from the prefix ‘mono-’ and ‘-kini’ in ‘bikini’, reinterpreted as containing the prefix ‘bi-’—coined in 1946 by French clothing designer Louis Réard READ MORE ‘WAHINE TOA’: MEANINGS AND ORIGIN 8th Aug 2023.Reading time 7 minutes. a brave Maori female warrior; by extension, any strong or brave woman—New Zealand—in Maori, 1873—in English, 1902—from ‘wahine’ (a Maori woman or wife) and ‘toa’ (a brave Maori male warrior) READ MORE ‘(AS) FULL AS A BOURKE-STREET TRAM’: MEANING AND ORIGIN 4th Aug 2023.Reading time 4 minutes. drunk—Australia, 1983—refers to Bourke Street, one of the main streets in the centre of Melbourne, Victoria—in Australian English, the adjective ‘full’ is used in various phrases referring to drunkenness READ MORE ‘NOT TO KNOW WHETHER IT’S TUESDAY OR BOURKE STREET’: MEANING AND ORIGIN 3rd Aug 2023.Reading time 6 minutes. Australia, 1952—used of a state of confusion or stupidity—refers to Bourke Street, in Melbourne, Victoria READ MORE ‘BLOCKBUSTER’: MEANINGS AND ORIGIN 2nd Aug 2023.Reading time 6 minutes. USA, 1942: a large aerial bomb that can destroy a whole block of buildings—USA, 1942: a thing of enormous impact, power or size READ MORE

    2023-07

    ‘TO FLY OFF THE HANDLE’: MEANING AND ORIGIN 31st Jul 2023.Reading time 8 minutes. to become very agitated or angry, especially without warning or adequate reason—USA, 1816—from the image of the head of an axe or other tool becoming detached from its handle READ MORE ‘COMET WINE’ | ‘COMET VINTAGE’: MEANING AND ORIGIN 30th Jul 2023.Reading time 7 minutes. a wine, or a vintage, produced in a year in which a notable comet appeared, and therefore thought to be of superior quality—UK—‘comet wine’ 1817—‘comet vintage’ 1819 READ MORE ‘SLEEPING POLICEMAN’ | ‘GENDARME COUCHÉ’ 27th Jul 2023.Reading time 26 minutes. a raised band across a road, designed to make motorists reduce their speed—1961—based on the image of a policeman lying asleep in the middle of a road—in early use often with reference to Jamaica READ MORE ‘SHORT FUSE’: MEANING AND ORIGIN 25th Jul 2023.Reading time 10 minutes. a tendency to lose one’s temper easily—USA, 1942—‘fuse’ refers to a device by which an explosive charge is ignited—adjective ‘short-fused’: USA, 1952 READ MORE ‘CLIFFHANGER’: MEANINGS, ORIGIN AND EARLY OCCURRENCES 23rd Jul 2023.Reading time 17 minutes. a suspenseful ending to an episode of a serial; the serial itself—USA, early 1930s—originally referred to serials which ended episodes with their protagonists literally hanging from cliffs, or in similarly dangerous situations READ MORE ‘TO SNATCH VICTORY FROM THE JAWS OF DEFEAT’ | ‘TO SNATCH DEFEAT FROM THE JAWS OF VICTORY’ 22nd Jul 2023.Reading time 14 minutes. ‘to snatch victory from the jaws of defeat’: to win a battle, contest, etc., when defeat seemed inevitable—‘to snatch defeat from the jaws of victory’: to be defeated in a battle, contest, etc., when victory seemed inevitable READ MORE ‘FLOPBUSTER’: MEANING AND ORIGIN 21st Jul 2023.Reading time 8 minutes. a film which fails to achieve the commercial success that was expected—UK, 1986—from ‘flop’ (a failure) and ‘-buster’ in ‘blockbuster’ (a film which achieves great commercial success) READ MORE ‘BACK O’ BOURKE’: MEANING AND ORIGIN 20th Jul 2023.Reading time 10 minutes. a remote and sparsely populated inland area of Australia—1896, in a poem by William Henry Ogilvie—refers to Bourke, the most remote town in north-western New South Wales READ MORE ‘GET-OUT-OF-JAIL-FREE CARD’: MEANING AND ORIGIN 19th Jul 2023.Reading time 13 minutes. something that enables a person to evade punishment, adverse consequences or an undesirable situation—refers to a card in the game of Monopoly which allows a player to leave the jail square READ MORE ‘THE SCHOOL OF (THE) HARD KNOCKS’: MEANING AND EARLY OCCURRENCES 17th Jul 2023.Reading time 10 minutes. the experience of a life of hardship regarded as a means of instruction—USA, 1870 READ MORE ‘TO WALK LIKE AN EGYPTIAN’: MEANING AND ORIGIN 16th Jul 2023.Reading time 7 minutes. to walk with arms extended, elbows and wrists bent at right angles, one arm up, one down—1962 in To Kill a Mockingbird—refers to the representation of the human body by the ancient Egyptians READ MORE ‘THE UNIVERSITY OF LIFE’: MEANING AND EARLY OCCURRENCES 15th Jul 2023.Reading time 15 minutes. USA, 1854—the experience of life regarded as a means of instruction, in contrast to formal (higher) education—now often used with the implication that life experience is of greater benefit than formal education READ MORE ‘TALKING HEAD’: MEANING AND EARLY OCCURRENCES 14th Jul 2023.Reading time 9 minutes. USA, 1963—frequently in plural: a person on television who is shown merely speaking, as in a newscast or an interview READ MORE ‘TO DRIVE A COACH AND HORSES THROUGH SOMETHING’: MEANING AND ORIGIN 13th Jul 2023.Reading time 10 minutes. 1691—to expose the flaws in something such as a law, a policy, an argument or a belief—these flaws are likened to holes large enough to drive a coach and horses through them READ MORE ‘BLUE FUNK’ (AMERICAN USAGE) 11th Jul 2023.Reading time 10 minutes. a state of depression or despair—1893—a shift in meaning of the British-English expression ‘blue funk’, denoting a state of extreme nervousness or dread (the original meaning in American English) READ MORE ‘BLUE FUNK’ (BRITISH AND IRISH USAGE) 10th Jul 2023.Reading time 11 minutes. a state of extreme nervousness or dread—UK, mid-19th century—‘blue’ is an intensifier of ‘funk’, denoting a state of extreme nervousness or dread READ MORE ‘UGLY DUCKLING’: MEANING AND ORIGIN 9th Jul 2023.Reading time 16 minutes. a person or thing, initially ugly or unpromising, that changes into something beautiful or admirable—New Zealand, 1848—from Hans Christian Andersen’s story about a supposed ugly duckling that turns out to be a swan READ MORE ‘TWELVE GOOD MEN AND TRUE’: MEANING AND ORIGIN 8th Jul 2023.Reading time 11 minutes. a jury in a lawcourt—17th century—but the selection of twelve good men and true to form a jury was mentioned in the 16th century READ MORE ‘BLUE FLU’: MEANING AND ORIGIN 7th Jul 2023.Reading time 9 minutes. absenteeism among police officers (and by extension other workers) who claim to be ill but are in fact absent to support union contract demands or negotiations—USA, 1967—alludes to the traditional colour of police uniforms READ MORE ‘NEVER THE TWAIN SHALL MEET’: MEANING AND ORIGIN 6th Jul 2023.Reading time 15 minutes. two different people or things are totally incompatible—1901—alludes to “East is East and West is West, and never the twain shall meet” in Ballad of East and West (1892), by Rudyard Kipling READ MORE ‘MARK TWAIN’: MEANING AND ORIGIN 5th Jul 2023.Reading time 11 minutes. 1809—U.S. nautical, obsolete: the two-fathom mark on a sounding-line—Samuel Langhorne Clemens chose it as his pen-name in 1863, but a pilot named Isaiah Sellers had first used it as his pen-name READ MORE ‘LIGHT AT THE END OF THE TUNNEL’: MEANING AND ORIGIN 4th Jul 2023.Reading time 8 minutes. a long-awaited sign that a period of hardship or adversity is nearing an end—UK, 1862—the image is of a railway tunnel, and the phrase has been used literally READ MORE ‘KANGAROO COURT’ AND SYNONYMS: MEANINGS AND EARLY OCCURRENCES 3rd Jul 2023.Reading time 31 minutes. also ‘mustang court’ and ‘kangaroo inquest’—USA, 1840—a mock court that disregards or parodies existing principles of law; any tribunal in which judgment is rendered arbitrarily or unfairly READ MORE ‘KANGAROO CLOSURE’: MEANING AND ORIGIN 2nd Jul 2023.Reading time 6 minutes. UK, 1909—parliamentary procedure: a form of closure by which the chair or speaker selects certain amendments for discussion and excludes others—based on the image of a kangaroo leaping over obstacles READ MORE

    2023-07

    ‘WHEELIE BIN’: MEANING AND ORIGIN 30th Jun 2023.Reading time 14 minutes. UK, 1983—a large, rectangular dustbin with a hinged lid and wheels on two of the corners—bins on wheels were introduced into the United Kingdom in 1980 on the model of what was done in the Federal Republic of Germany READ MORE ‘TO TALK TURKEY’: ORIGINAL MEANING, EARLY OCCURRENCES (AND ORIGIN?) 28th Jun 2023.Reading time 30 minutes. USA, 1792—to say to a person the things that they want to hear—allegedly from the story of a white man and an Indian who went hunting together, and killed a turkey and a buzzard READ MORE ‘TO DRIVE THE PORCELAIN BUS’: MEANING AND ORIGIN 26th Jun 2023.Reading time 14 minutes. to vomit from drunkenness—U.S. students’ slang, 1980—likens the position of the hands of a person holding onto the sides of a toilet bowl while vomiting therein, to that of a bus driver’s hands holding the steering wheel READ MORE ‘TECHNOSAUR’: MEANING AND ORIGIN 25th Jun 2023.Reading time 7 minutes. a person who shows no proficiency in the use of information technology—USA, 1998—from ‘techno-’ in ‘technological’ and ‘technology’, and ‘-saur’ in ‘dinosaur’, i.e., a person who is unable to adapt to change READ MORE ‘MICAWBERISM’: MEANING AND ORIGIN 24th Jun 2023.Reading time 12 minutes. irresponsible or unfounded optimism—1857, apparently coined by Charles Dickens—refers to Wilkins Micawber, a character in Dickens’s novel David Copperfield (1850) READ MORE ‘FARTICHOKE’: MEANING AND ORIGIN 23rd Jun 2023.Reading time 10 minutes. the Jerusalem artichoke—UK, 1968—blend of ‘fart’ and ‘artichoke’ in ‘Jerusalem artichoke’—refers to the flatulence caused by eating Jerusalem artichokes READ MORE ‘FLASH MOB’: MEANING AND ORIGIN 21st Jun 2023.Reading time 14 minutes. USA, 2003—a group of people organised by means of the internet, mobile phones or other wireless devices, who assemble in public to perform a prearranged action together and then quickly disperse READ MORE ‘BALL AND CHAIN’ (LITERAL AND FIGURATIVE USES) 20th Jun 2023.Reading time 17 minutes. USA 1813—a heavy metal ball secured by a chain to a person’s leg to prevent escape or as a punishment—figuratively, mid-19th century: anything seen as a heavy restraint, especially the matrimonial bonds READ MORE ‘TO HANG SOMEONE OUT TO DRY’: MEANING AND ORIGIN 19th Jun 2023.Reading time 18 minutes. to put someone in a difficult, vulnerable or compromising situation, especially by exposing them to blame—USA, 1945, sports—the image is of suspending wet washing in the open so that it can dry READ MORE ‘BOB-A-JOB’: MEANING AND ORIGIN 14th Jun 2023.Reading time 9 minutes. UK, 1944—the slogan of the Boy Scout Association’s effort to raise money for funds by doing jobs, originally at a shilling a time READ MORE ‘WORKINGTON MAN’: MEANING AND ORIGIN 13th Jun 2023.Reading time 8 minutes. UK, 2019—an older, white, working-class, Brexiteer, Northern-English man—coined by thinktank Onward to designate the Conservative Party’s target voter in the 2019 general election—refers to Workington, in Cumbria READ MORE ‘SOD THIS FOR A GAME OF SOLDIERS’: MEANING AND EARLY OCCURRENCES 12th Jun 2023.Reading time 10 minutes. UK slang—expresses exasperation at a situation or course of action—military, 1941—what ‘game of soldiers’ refers to is unclear READ MORE ‘BUTSKELLISM’: MEANINGS AND ORIGIN 11th Jun 2023.Reading time 8 minutes. UK, 1954—the economic policy of Rab Butler, Conservative Chancellor of the Exchequer (1951-5), regarded as largely indistinguishable from that of Hugh Gaitskell, Labour Chancellor of the Exchequer (1950-1)—blend of ‘Butler’ and ‘Gaitskell’ plus suffix ‘-ism’ READ MORE ‘GARDENING LEAVE’: MEANING AND ORIGIN 9th Jun 2023.Reading time 13 minutes. British, colloquial: a period during which an employee who is about to leave a company continues to receive a salary and in return agrees not to work for anyone else—origin, British Army: a paid leave between the end of one posting and the beginning of another READ MORE WHY THE FRENCH LANGUAGE IS INTRINSICALLY SEXIST. 4th Jun 2023.Reading time 6 minutes. In French, the concept of dependency underlies the semantic distribution of some basic lexical items: the female is strictly defined in her relation of dependency to the male, as a daughter or as a spouse. READ MORE



    2023-05

    ‘TO DROP ONE’S AITCHES’: MEANING AND EARLY OCCURRENCES 11th May 2023.Reading time 24 minutes. also ‘to drop one’s h’s’—not to pronounce the letter h at the beginning of words in which it is pronounced in standard English—1855—1847 as ‘not to sound one’s h’s’ READ MORE ‘GALLIC SHRUG’: MEANING AND ORIGIN 10th May 2023.Reading time 14 minutes. a gesture (made by a French person to deny responsibility, knowledge or agreement) consisting typically in shrugging one’s shoulders while upturning one’s hands READ MORE THE NAPOLEONIC ORIGIN OF ‘TO WASH ONE’S DIRTY LINEN IN PUBLIC’ 9th May 2023.Reading time 9 minutes. to discuss an essentially private matter, especially a dispute or scandal, in public—UK, 1819—loan translation from French ‘laver son linge sale en public’, originated by Napoléon Bonaparte in 1814 READ MORE ‘POTEMKIN VILLAGE’: MEANING AND ORIGIN 8th May 2023.Reading time 18 minutes. an impressive facade or show designed to hide an embarrassing or shabby fact or condition—1843—from the sham villages said to have been built by Grigori Potemkin to deceive Catherine II READ MORE

    2023-04

    ‘GLORY BOX’: MEANING AND ORIGIN 4th Apr 2023.Reading time 8 minutes. a box in which a young woman stores clothes and household articles in preparation for her marriage—Australia, 1902—perhaps related to the British ‘glory hole’, denoting a place for storing odds and ends READ MORE ‘HOPE CHEST’: MEANING AND ORIGIN 2nd Apr 2023.Reading time 15 minutes. a chest or box in which a young woman collects articles towards a home of her own in the event of her marriage—USA, 1904 READ MORE

    2023-03

  • ‘BOTTOM DRAWER’: MEANING AND ORIGIN
  • 31st Mar 2023.Reading time 8 minutes.
  • a young woman’s collection of clothes and household articles, kept in preparation for her marriage—UK, 1835?—refers to the (notional?) receptacle where those clothes and household articles are supposed to be kept
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  • ‘TO TICKLE THE DRAGON(’S TAIL)’: MEANING AND ORIGIN
  • 29th Mar 2023.Reading time 13 minutes.
  • to undertake a dangerous or hazardous operation or activity—UK, 1867, as ‘to tickle the dragon’s nose’—‘to tickle the dragon’s tail’ was used of a nuclear experiment at Los Alamos during WWII
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  • ‘SPOILS SYSTEM’: MEANING AND ORIGIN
  • 25th Mar 2023.Reading time 14 minutes.
  • the practice of filling appointive public offices with friends and supporters of the ruling political party—USA, 1834—from “to the victor belong the spoils of the enemy”, used in 1832 by Senator William Marcy
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  • ‘DEAD-CAT STRATEGY’: MEANING AND ORIGIN
  • 24th Mar 2023.Reading time 13 minutes.
  • the strategy consisting in deliberately making a shocking announcement in order to divert attention from a difficulty in which one is embroiled—from the image of throwing a dead cat on the table—first defined in 2013 by Boris Johnson
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  • ‘DRAMA QUEEN’: MEANING AND ORIGIN
  • 19th Mar 2023.Reading time 11 minutes.
  • (derogatory) a person who is prone to exaggeratedly dramatic behaviour—UK, 1978
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  • ‘WET BLANKET’: MEANINGS AND ORIGIN
  • 18th Mar 2023.Reading time 10 minutes.
  • literally (1618): a blanket dampened with water so as to extinguish a fire—figuratively (1775): a person or thing that has a subduing or inhibiting effect
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  • ‘TO PUT TWO AND TWO TOGETHER’: MEANING AND ORIGIN
  • 17th Mar 2023.Reading time 10 minutes.
  • to draw an obvious inference from available evidence—early 19th century—but ‘two and two make four’, used as as a paradigm of the obvious conclusion, is first recorded in the late 17th century
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  • ‘THAT MAKES TWO OF US’: MEANING AND ORIGIN
  • 15th Mar 2023.Reading time 9 minutes.
  • used conversationally to declare, often ironically, that one shares the opinion, sentiment, predicament, etc., of the previous speaker—USA, early 20th century
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  • ‘TRUTH IS STRANGER THAN FICTION’: MEANING AND ORIGIN
  • 14th Mar 2023.Reading time 7 minutes.
  • real events and situations are often more remarkable or incredible than those made up in fiction—first occurred as ‘truth is always strange, stranger than fiction’ in Don Juan (1823), by George Gordon Byron
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  • ‘TO SWEAR LIKE A TROOPER’: MEANING AND ORIGIN
  • 13th Mar 2023.Reading time 9 minutes.
  • to use a lot of swearwords—first used in 1713 by Joseph Addison—alludes to the fact that troopers (i.e., soldiers of low rank in the cavalry) had a reputation for coarse language and behaviour
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  • TO BE CAUGHT WITH ONE’S PANTS DOWN’: MEANING AND ORIGIN
  • 11th Mar 2023.Reading time 10 minutes.
  • to be caught off-guard; to be surprised in an embarrassing or compromising situation—USA, 1886
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  • ‘THE OLDEST TRICK IN THE BOOK’: MEANING AND ORIGIN
  • 10th Mar 2023.Reading time 9 minutes.
  • a ruse or stratagem that is still effective although it has been used for a long time—USA, 1929—seems to have originated in sports
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  • ‘TOWN AND GOWN’: MEANING AND ORIGIN
  • 8th Mar 2023.Reading time 11 minutes.
  • 1750—the non-academic inhabitants (‘town’) of a university city and the resident members of the university (‘gown’, denoting the distinctive costume of a member of a university)
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  • ‘TINFOIL HAT’ (USED IN RELATION TO PROTECTION)
  • 5th Mar 2023.Reading time 11 minutes.
  • alludes to the belief that such a hat or cap protects the wearer from mind control, surveillance or similar types of threat—USA, 1972 as ‘tinfoil-lined hat’
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  • ‘PIPSQUEAK’: MEANINGS AND ORIGIN
  • 4th Mar 2023.Reading time 14 minutes.
  • a person or thing that is insignificant or contemptible—1910—originally (1900): a type of small high-velocity shell, with reference to the high-pitched sound of its discharge and flight
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  • ‘BLOUSON NOIR’: MEANING AND ORIGIN
  • 2nd Mar 2023.Reading time 20 minutes.
  • in French contexts: a young person, especially a young man, belonging to a youth subculture of the 1950s and 1960s—UK, 1959—from the noun ‘blouson’ (a short jacket) and the adjective ‘noir’ (black)
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    numerals miscellany


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    B

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    C

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    D

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    E

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    F

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    H

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    J

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    K

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    L

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    M

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    N

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    O

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    Q

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    R

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    T

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    U

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    W

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    X

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    Y

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    Z

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