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Etymology-Suche

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A Little Etymology - Greek and Latin Roots and a Little Etymology ...
Greek and Latin Roots and a little etymology. A few tables to help make sense of compound words by looking at the etymology, Greek and Latin roots and the ...
http://ancienthistory.about.com/library/weekly/aa052698.htm

etymology - definition and examples of etymology
(1) The origin or derivation of a word. (2) The branch of linguistics concerned with the history of the forms and meanings of words.
http://grammar.about.com/od/e/g/etymologyterm.htm

Etymology - English Word Histories - Stories of Words - Definition of ...
The etymology of a word refers to its origin and historical development: that is, its earliest known use, its transmission from one language to another, and its ...
http://grammar.about.com/od/words/a/Etymologywords.htm

Definition of 'Etymology' - Grammar Glossary for Spanish and English
Definition: The branch of linguistics that studies the origin and development of words and other linguistic forms. Examples of areas that are studied include the ...
http://spanish.about.com/cs/historyofspanish/g/glosetymology.htm

Huracán - Hurricane - Words We Share in Spanish and English
Etymology: Unlike most words that ... References: American Heritage Dictionary, Diccionario de la Real Academia Española, Online Etymology Dictionary ...
http://spanish.about.com/od/wordsweshare/p/huracan.htm

Math Terms - The Etymology of Geometry Terms
What do those math terms mean? Here you can read about geometry terms. Knowing the etymology of these terms helps in understanding geometry.
http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/mathematics/a/061210EtymologyGeometryTerms.htm

Etymology of Italia - What Is the Etymology of Italia Italy?
I am taking the email as an explicit request that I include an article addressing the question "what is the etymology of Italia (Italy)?" I hadn't done so because ...
http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/romanempire/f/080910-What-Is-The-Etymology-Of-Italia-Italy.htm

Etymology - Roots of Words - Etymology
Etymology is the study of the meanings and roots of words. This etymology page focuses mainly on Latin and Greek origins of words, based on the parts and ...
http://ancienthistory.about.com/cs/roots/

Etymology Exercise - Exploring Word Origins
In this exercise, you will explore the origins of 10 words that have experienced some interesting changes in meaning over the centuries.
http://grammar.about.com/od/words/a/Etymology-Exercise.htm

...

academia.edu
Etymologie-Papers
Etymology-Papers

• The Endophenotype Concept in Psychiatry: Etymology and Strategic Intentions - II gottesman, Td Gould
• From etymology to pragmatics: metaphorical and cultural aspects of semantic structure - E. E. Sweetser
• From Etymology to Pragmatics - E. Sweetser
• Workfare: a geopolitical etymology - Jamie Peck
• Formal Syntax, Diachronic Minimalism, and Etymology: The History of French, Chez - Giuseppe Longobardi
• Minimally Invasive Surgery Task Decomposition - Etymology of Endoscopic Suturing - Jacob Rosen, Lily Chang, Jeffrey D. Brown, Blake Hannaford, Mika Sinanan
• Chambers Dictionary of Etymology - Robert Barnhart
• The role of etymology and word length in English word formation - Frank Anshen, Mark Aronoff, Roy J. Byrd, Judith L. Klavens
• Conundrums and confusion in organisations: the etymology of the word “bully” - Neil Crawford
• Analgesia and Anesthesia: Etymology and Literary History of Related Greek Words - Helen Askitopoulou, Ioanna A. Ramoutsaki, Eleni Konsolaki
• The meaning of empowerment: the interdisciplinary etymology of a new management concept - Nicola Denham, Cheryl Travers, Peter Ackers, Adrian Wilkinson
• Historical perspectives on health The history of liquorice: the plant, its extract, cultivation, commercialisation and etymology - A. Olukoga, D. Donaldson
• Camptocormia or cormoptosis? The etymology of the word - D Karras, J Vassilakos, D Kassimos
• L'étymologie, hier et aujourd'hui - Kurt Baldinger
• Romance etymology: A computerized model - Sarah K. Burton-Hunter
• The Concise Dictionary of English Etymology - Walter Skeat
• The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology - Mitford M. Mathews
• Foreign Words in the Old Testament: Their Origin and Etymology - M. Ellenbogen
• Using etymology in the classroom - H. D. Pierson
• The inevitability of folk etymology: a case of collective reality and invisible hands - Gabriella Rundblad, David B. Kronenfeld
• The meaning of empowerment: the interdisciplinary etymology of a new management concept - Nicola Denham, Cheryl Travers, Peter Ackers, Adrian Wilkinson
• Historical perspectives on health The history of liquorice: the plant, its extract, cultivation, commercialisation and etymology - A. Olukoga, D. Donaldson
• Camptocormia or cormoptosis? The etymology of the word - D Karras, J Vassilakos, D Kassimos
• L'étymologie, hier et aujourd'hui - Kurt Baldinger
• Romance etymology: A computerized model - Sarah K. Burton-Hunter
• The Concise Dictionary of English Etymology - Walter Skeat
• The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology - Mitford M. Mathews
• Foreign Words in the Old Testament: Their Origin and Etymology - M. Ellenbogen
• Using etymology in the classroom - H. D. Pierson
• The inevitability of folk etymology: a case of collective reality and invisible hands - Gabriella Rundblad, David B. Kronenfeld
• The meaning of empowerment: the interdisciplinary etymology of a new management concept - Nicola Denham, Cheryl Travers, Peter Ackers, Adrian Wilkinson
• Historical perspectives on health The history of liquorice: the plant, its extract, cultivation, commercialisation and etymology - A. Olukoga, D. Donaldson
• Camptocormia or cormoptosis? The etymology of the word - D Karras, J Vassilakos, D Kassimos
• L'étymologie, hier et aujourd'hui - Kurt Baldinger
• Romance etymology: A computerized model - Sarah K. Burton-Hunter
• The Concise Dictionary of English Etymology - Walter Skeat
• The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology - Mitford M. Mathews
• Foreign Words in the Old Testament: Their Origin and Etymology - M. Ellenbogen
• Using etymology in the classroom - H. D. Pierson
• The inevitability of folk etymology: a case of collective reality and invisible hands - Gabriella Rundblad, David B. Kronenfeld
• Etymology in Nomenclature of Procaryotes - Hans G. Trüper
• Three min etymologies - Jerry Norman
• On the Etymology of the Word Tobacco - A. Ernst
• Etymology of Autoradiography - W. N. TAUXE, A. H. MOSER, G. A. BOYD
• The dizzy clinic and the dictionary (etymology and otology) - Emma Stapleton
• The testis: what did he witness?: ETYMOLOGY OF THE TESTIS - W. R. Anderson, J. A. Hicks, S. A. V. Holmes
• Sur le sens et l'étymologie de quelques noms de lieux savoyards - Charles Marteaux
• The early archaic chinese word yu in the Shang oracle-bone inscriptions : word-family, etymology, grammar, semantics and sacrifice - Ken-ichi Takashima
• A NEW ONOMASTICON FRAGMENT FROM OXYRHYNCHUS AND PHILO'S ETYMOLOGIES 1 - DAVID ROKEAH
• On the etymology of “pancreas” - Ryoichi Tsuchiya, Norio Fujisawa
• Etymology in Nomenclature of Procaryotes - Hans G. Trüper
• Three min etymologies - Jerry Norman
• On the Etymology of the Word Tobacco - A. Ernst
• Etymology of Autoradiography - W. N. TAUXE, A. H. MOSER, G. A. BOYD
• The dizzy clinic and the dictionary (etymology and otology) - Emma Stapleton
• The testis: what did he witness?: ETYMOLOGY OF THE TESTIS - W. R. Anderson, J. A. Hicks, S. A. V. Holmes
• Sur le sens et l'étymologie de quelques noms de lieux savoyards - Charles Marteaux
• The early archaic chinese word yu in the Shang oracle-bone inscriptions : word-family, etymology, grammar, semantics and sacrifice - Ken-ichi Takashima
• A NEW ONOMASTICON FRAGMENT FROM OXYRHYNCHUS AND PHILO'S ETYMOLOGIES 1 - DAVID ROKEAH
• On the etymology of “pancreas” - Ryoichi Tsuchiya, Norio Fujisawa
• Etymology in Nomenclature of Procaryotes - Hans G. Trüper
• Three min etymologies - Jerry Norman
• On the Etymology of the Word Tobacco - A. Ernst
• Etymology of Autoradiography - W. N. TAUXE, A. H. MOSER, G. A. BOYD
• The dizzy clinic and the dictionary (etymology and otology) - Emma Stapleton
• The testis: what did he witness?: ETYMOLOGY OF THE TESTIS - W. R. Anderson, J. A. Hicks, S. A. V. Holmes
• Sur le sens et l'étymologie de quelques noms de lieux savoyards - Charles Marteaux
• The early archaic chinese word yu in the Shang oracle-bone inscriptions : word-family, etymology, grammar, semantics and sacrifice - Ken-ichi Takashima
• A NEW ONOMASTICON FRAGMENT FROM OXYRHYNCHUS AND PHILO'S ETYMOLOGIES 1 - DAVID ROKEAH
• On the etymology of “pancreas” - Ryoichi Tsuchiya, Norio Fujisawa
• Poimandres: The Etymology of the Name and the Origins of the Hermetica - P. Kingsley
• A Brittonic etymology for Old English stor''incense - Andrew Breeze
• A Celtic etymology for Old English deor''brave - Andrew Breeze
• Etymology of pemphigus - K HOLUBAR
• Proper names and etymology: the special position of first names - D. Brozovic-Roncevic, E. Caffarelli, D. Gerritzen, Nifterick van E, G. Bloothooft
• The etymology of Latin adulare - Vaan de M. A. C, C. George, M. McCullagh, B. Nielsen, A. Ruppel, O. Tribulato
• Ossetic Etymologies - J. T. L. Cheung, Z. Zarshenas, V. Naddaf
• The Bibliographic Database for An Analytic Dictionary of English Etymology - Martha Berryman
• The Palpi of Butterflies. (Scientific Literature: Ueber die Palpen der Rhopaloceren. Ein Beitrag zur Erkenntnis des verwandtschaftlichen Beziehungen unter der Tagfaltern; A Dictionary of the Names of Minerals including their History and Etymology) - Enzio Reuter, Charles R. Sanger
• Etymology of Epigenetics -
• Poimandres: The Etymology of the Name and the Origins of the Hermetica - P. Kingsley
• A Brittonic etymology for Old English stor''incense - Andrew Breeze
• A Celtic etymology for Old English deor''brave - Andrew Breeze
• Etymology of pemphigus - K HOLUBAR
• Proper names and etymology: the special position of first names - D. Brozovic-Roncevic, E. Caffarelli, D. Gerritzen, Nifterick van E, G. Bloothooft
• The etymology of Latin adulare - Vaan de M. A. C, C. George, M. McCullagh, B. Nielsen, A. Ruppel, O. Tribulato
• Ossetic Etymologies - J. T. L. Cheung, Z. Zarshenas, V. Naddaf
• The Bibliographic Database for An Analytic Dictionary of English Etymology - Martha Berryman
• The Palpi of Butterflies. (Scientific Literature: Ueber die Palpen der Rhopaloceren. Ein Beitrag zur Erkenntnis des verwandtschaftlichen Beziehungen unter der Tagfaltern; A Dictionary of the Names of Minerals including their History and Etymology) - Enzio Reuter, Charles R. Sanger
• Etymology of Epigenetics -
• Poimandres: The Etymology of the Name and the Origins of the Hermetica - P. Kingsley
• A Brittonic etymology for Old English stor''incense - Andrew Breeze
• A Celtic etymology for Old English deor''brave - Andrew Breeze
• Etymology of pemphigus - K HOLUBAR
• Proper names and etymology: the special position of first names - D. Brozovic-Roncevic, E. Caffarelli, D. Gerritzen, Nifterick van E, G. Bloothooft
• The etymology of Latin adulare - Vaan de M. A. C, C. George, M. McCullagh, B. Nielsen, A. Ruppel, O. Tribulato
• Ossetic Etymologies - J. T. L. Cheung, Z. Zarshenas, V. Naddaf
• The Bibliographic Database for An Analytic Dictionary of English Etymology - Martha Berryman
• The Palpi of Butterflies. (Scientific Literature: Ueber die Palpen der Rhopaloceren. Ein Beitrag zur Erkenntnis des verwandtschaftlichen Beziehungen unter der Tagfaltern; A Dictionary of the Names of Minerals including their History and Etymology) - Enzio Reuter, Charles R. Sanger
• Etymology of Epigenetics

alphadictionary.com - A
Dr. Goodword's Office

Dr. Goodword's Office is where we will keep articles about the nature of language, correct usage, and other fascinating linguistic tidbits. We will focus on the questions that Dr. Goodword (AKA Robert Beard, PhD, Linguistics) has been asked over the past 10 years: from the days of his Web of Online Dictionaries, through his stint as "Dr. Language" at "yourDictionary", and up until now. If you have a question that is not covered here, simply send it to him via our contact page.

Dr. Goodword Linguistics Minicourse

• •Mamma Teached Me Talk (Language Acquisition) - You learn how to talk from listening to your parents and friends, right? Maybe not.
• •Can Chimpanzees Talk? (Language and Mind) - If human beings are not the only species capable of speech, we aren't so special. Are we?
• •Can colorless green ideas sleep furiously? (Syntax 1) - We seem to order the words in a sentence the way we think but evidence indicates otherwise.
• •Why We Have to Pay Syntax (Syntax 2) - More evidence that sentences have their own rules of order distinct from those of semantics.
• •But There are no Such Things as Words! (Morphology 1) - Evidence showing that we do not use words but parts of words when we speak!
• •How to pronounce "GHOTI"... and why (Phonology, Spelling) - Most languages do not have writing systems; so what is the relation of spelling to speaking?
• •How is a Hippo Like a Feather? (Historical Linguistics) - An examination of how languages come into being and change over time.
• •Words: Where do They Come From? (Morphology 2) - A much more detailed discussion of where words come from.

Dictionaries, Glossaries, and Lists

• •Paraprosdokians - Enjoy this peculiar type of humor in our speech—sentences that lead us down the garden path.
• •Glossary of Fortune-Telling Words - Fortune-telling is built into our way of life. Predicting bad luck from a black cat crossing our path, pulling petals from a flower to tell if someone loves us, believing a four-leaf clover brings good luck—all this is fortune-telling. But there is much, much more. Click here for the full story.
• •Folk Etymology - Did you know that crawfish started out as French écrevisse? And French got écrevisse from English crab? What happened? People helped it along by trying to change a foreign word into a perfectly English one. Read all about it here.
• •Linguistics Glossary for the Good Words - Puzzled by the terminology used in the daily Good Words? Here is a helpful glossary.
• •Rhyming Compounds in English - Have you every wondered about those sing-song words in English like, well, sing-song, not to mention fuddy-duddy and lickety-split? Read the surprising conclusions of Dr. Goodword, then peruse his growing collection of these funny little words.
• • A Glossary of Eponyms - Here is the authoritative glossary of words from people's names compiled by Dr. Goodword himself.
• Newest additions to our eponym database.
• •Zany Sentences Made from Movie Titles - Hilarious sentences made out of movie titles strung together. You can contribute. A game you can play, too.
• •Funny Personal Names - Meet the people from New Monia, Pennsylvanis, who appear in so many Good Words.
• •A List of Funny Company Names - Some are real, most are concocted but all are funny. See if you can come up with one funnier and we will publish it.
• •A Glossary of Commonly Confused Words in English - Otherwise known as "false cognates", words English speakers commonly confuse plus quizzes that will help you avoid confusing them.
• •Ambrose Bierce's Devil's Dictionary - The best American tongue-in-cheek dictionary.
• •A Glossary of Quaint Southernisms - Dr. Goodword plays with his own original version of English in an attempt to preserve it.
• • Historical Dictionary of American Slang - A 2500 searchable dictionary of slang with dates that tell you when the slang first appeared.
• Newest additions to our American Slang database.
• •IMglish Glossary (Chatroom and IM shorthand with Emoticons) - Shorten your messages using the new language of IMglish.
• •Corrected Glossary of Manias - Crazy about something? There is a word for it no matter what it is.
• •Corrected Glossary of Philias - We also have words for every kind of love there is: pick yours here.
• •Corrected Glossary of Phobias - Don't go without a phobia another day: Dr. Goodword has one for every occasion.
• •The Origins of the Names of the US States - The origins of the names of the US states by Dr. Beard based on the latest linguistic research (2007).
• •Language Dictionaries - The very best online dictionaries in 300 languages.
• •Specialty Dictionaries - Specialty glossaries in categories like sports, medicine, law, finance, biology, theater, music and 150 more.

Language Quizzes & Games

• •New! Idiom Matching Game Do you have the vocabulary to match neophyte serendipity with beginner's luck? Then you should love this game! Just match the idioms with their arcane English descriptions.
• • Climb the wallNew! Idiom & Adage Recognition Can you recognize the idiom "climbing the walls" from the literal interpretation in the picture on the left? You will love this game.
• • False Friend Riddles. Riddles made up of English sentences that contain a foreign word spelled identical to an English word. Define the foreign word to build your vocabulary and learn the major false friends (false cognates) of the language:
• French False Friend Riddles (Faux Amis)
• German False Friend Riddles (Falsche Freunde)
• Spanish False Friend Riddles (Falsos Amigos)
• •The Rebel-Yankee Test - How much of a Rebel/Yankee are you? Take our quiz and we will tell you.
• •The Advanced Rebel-Yankee Test - Did you pass the Rebel-Yankee test? Then you are ready for the advanced test.
• •Miss Spelling's Multiple Choice Spelling Bee - This one covers all 100 of the most often misspelled words in a tricky multiple-choice quiz.
• •Miss Spelling's Real Time Spelling Bee - This spelling bee is just like a real one: you hear the word, spell it, and are then told if you were right or wrong.
• • The Commonly Confused Words Quizzes
• Commonly Confused Words on A
• Commonly Confused Words on B
• Commonly Confused Words on C
• Commonly Confused Words on DE
• Commonly Confused Words on F
• Commonly Confused Words on GHI
• Commonly Confused Words on JKL
• Commonly Confused Words on M
• Commonly Confused Words on NOPQ
• Commonly Confused Words on R
• Commonly Confused Words on S
• Commonly Confused Words on TUV
• Commonly Confused Words on WXYZ
• •The Phobias Quiz - How many phobias do you know the names of?
• •The Slang Generation Quiz - Find out in which generation the slang you use places you.
• •Miss Spelling's Often Misspelled Words Quiz - An easy fill-in-the-blank spelling quiz that Miss Spelling created to warm you up for the Spelling Bee.
• •The Movie Buffet Game Can you make up sentences exclusively from movie titles? Like this one: The African Queen - Saw - An American in Paris - Catch 22 - Thieves. Come on in and try your hand.
• •Movie Buffet Home Game. Here are the rules for playing Movie Buffet at home.

Dr. Goodword's Words on English

• •Linguistic Analysis of the 2012 Debates - This article examines the linguistic data for a winner of the 2012 presidential debates.
• •Split Infinitives - Do you suffer from split infinitives? Then you have come to the right doctor. Doctor Goodword has just the right medicine to fix your problem.
• •He, She, It, They - Can we use 'they' as substitute for singular 'he' and 'she'? Here is Dr. Goodword's final word on the subject.
• •Do I Have to Repeat Myself? - The place of redundancy in language Robert Beard
• •What is slang? - Dr. Goodword explains why we create and use slang.
• •Bad Grammar or Language Change? - The use of 'less' and 'fewer' in English.
• •Will I be Arrested if I End a Sentence with a Preposition? - Why shouldn't I end sentences with prepositions?
• •Are You and I You and Me? - Does your skin crawl when you hear phrases like 'between you and I'?
• •'Ain't' Isn't a Four-Letter Word - Teachers, tighten your seatbelts when you read this one!
• •How Many Words are in English? - Is English the world word champ?
• •Do you Suffer the Embarrassment of LVS? - The status of syncope in English speech.
• •Yall (Youse, Yuns) Should Read This - Why does English not have a plural form of 'you'?
• •A History of an Historical Quirk - Should you say 'a historical' or 'an historical?
• •Warspeak: Linguistic Collateral Damage - Does war change the way we speak?
• •A Language is a Dialect with an Army - So what is the difference between a language and a dialect?

Words, Words, Words, Words, Words

• •Commonly Confused Words in English (False Cognates)
• •The 100 Funniest Words in English
• •The 100 Most Beautiful Words in English
• •The Most Often Mispronounced Words in English
• •The Most Often Misspelled Words in English

English Grammar & Style

• •Chaos (English is Tough Stuff)
• •The Third Word on -gry
• •The Most Often Mispronounced Words in English
• •The Most Often Misspelled Words in English
• •Questions about English Grammar and Style (with Answers)

Common Questions about Language and Grammar

• 1. Fickle Ns and Ses
• 2. What's the third English word that ends in -gry?
• 3. What's the longest place name in the world?
• 4. What's the longest word in the English language?
• 5. What does "antidisestablishmentarianism" mean?
• 6. How do I say [a common phrase] in language X?
• 7. I need a boy's/girl's name in language X.
• 8. What does this name mean?
• 9. I have something in mind but can't think of the word for it.
• 10. Is it "judgment" or "judgement"?
• 11. Are "imply" and "infer" synonyms?
• 12. What is the difference between "its" and "it's?"
• 13. What is the difference betweem "may" and "can?"
• 14. What is the difference between "there" and "their?"
• 15. What is onomatopoeia?
• 17. What is an eponym?
• 18. What is an acronym?
• 19. What is a synonym and a homonym?
• 20. What is a thesaurus?
• 21. What is PIE?
• 22. What does the suffix -stan mean in words like "Afghanistan?"
• 23. What does 'kumbaya' in the song, "Kumbaya, my Lord" mean?
• 24. What is the difference between sit/set and lie/lay?
• 25. Will I go to jail if I end a sentence with a preposition?
• 26. When should I say "X and I" and when "X and me?"
• 27. How can I help stomp out the use of "ain't?"
• 28. How many words are in English?

Robert E. Beard (1938- ) is a linguist whose specialty is morphology (the study of words). He was born and raised in Fayetteville, NC, the son of Kathleen and LaVerne Beard. He completed his undergraduate studies at the University of North Carolina and received his PhD in Slavic Linguistics at the University of Michigan in 1966. Beard served as head of the Russian and Linguistics Programs at Bucknell University, where he taught for 35 years (1965-2000), holding the Ruth Everett Sziezega Chair in Linguistics for two terms.
...
After retiring from Bucknell, Beard became one of the founders of the popular linguistic website, "yourDictionary.com", writing under the pseudonym "Dr. Language". He now owns and heads The Lexiteria, a language product and services company that operates "alphaDictionary.com". He writes there under the pseudonym "Dr. Goodword".

alphadictionary.com - F
Folk etymology

Funny Word Histories

One of the funniest and most fascinating aspects of etymology (word history) is folk etymology. Folk etymology isn't real etymology, which is determined by rules of language change over time; it does not reflect natural historical changes in words. Rather, it represents "erroneous" changes made by people who mishear words, usually foreign words, and try to make these words more "English".
...

alt-usage-english.org
What is the language term for...?
by Mark Israel

It may be one of:

"ablaut", "accidence", "acrolect", "adianoeta", "adnominal", "adnominatio", "adynaton", "agnosia", "agrammatism", "alexia", "alliteration", "alphabetism", "amblysia", "amphibol(og)y", "anacolouthon", "anacrusis", "anadiplosis", "anaphora", "anaptyxis", "anastrophe", "antiphrasis", "antisthecon", "anthimeria", "antonomasia", "aphaeresis", "aphasia", "aphesis", "apocope", "apocrisis", "aporia", "apophasis", "aposiopesis", "apostrophe", "aptronym", "asyndeton", "Aufhebung", "banausic", "bisociation", "brachylogy", "cacoetheses scribendi", "cacophemism", "calque", "catenative", "cheville", "chiasmus", "chronogram", "cledonism", "commoratio", "consonance", "constative", "coprolalia", "copulative", "crasis", "cruciverbalist", "cryptophasia", "deictic", "dilogy", "disjunctive", "dissimilation", "dittograph", "dontopedalogy", "dysgraphia", "dyslalia", "dyslexia", "dysphemism", "dysprosody", "dysrhythmia", "echolalia", "embo(lo)lalia", "enallage", "enclitic", "endophoric", "epanalepsis", "epanorthosis", "epexegetic", "epenthesis", "epitrope", "epizeuxis", "eponym", "equivoque", "etymon", "eusystolism", "exergasia", "exonym", "exophoric", "extraposition", "eye-word", "factitive", "festination", "fis phenomenon", "Fog Index", "frequentative", "glossogenetics", "glossolalia", "glottochronology", "glyph", "graphospasm", "hapax legomenon", "haplograph", "haplology", "hendiadys", "heteric", "heterogenium", "heterography", "heterophemy", "heterotopy", "hobson-jobson", "holophrasis", "honorific", "hypallage", "hyperbaton", "hyperbole", "hypocoristic", "hypophora", "hyponymy", "hypostatize", "hypotaxis", "idioglossa", "idiolect", "illeism", "ingressive", "isocolon", "isogloss", "klang association", "koine", "langue", "Lautgesetz", "ligature", "lipogram", "litotes", "logogram", "logogriph", "logomisia", "lucus a non lucendo", "macaronic", "macrology", "meiosis", "(a)melioration", "mendaciloquence", "merism", "metalepsis", "metallage", "metaplasm", "metathesis", "metonymy", "Mischsprache", "mogigraphia", "mondegreen", "monepic", "monologophobia", "Mummerset", "mumpsimus", "mussitation", "mytheme", "noa word", "nomic", "nosism", "nothosonomia", "objective correlative", "obviative", "omphalopsychites", "onomasiology", "onomastic", "onomatopoeia", "oratio obliqua", "oxytone", "palinode", "pangram", "paradiastole", "paragoge", "paragram", "paralinguistic", "paraph", "paraphasia", "paraplasm", "parasynesis", "parataxis", "parechesis", "parelcon", "parimion", "parole", "paronomasia", "paronym", "paroxytone", "parrhesia", "pasigraphy", "patavinity", "patronymic", "pejoration", "periphrasis", "perpilocutionist", "phatic", "philophronesis", "phonaesthesia", "phonocentrism", "pleonasm", "ploce", "polyptoton", "polysemy", "polysyndeton", "privative", "proclitic", "prolepsis", "proparalepsis", "prosonomasia", "prosopopoeia", "prosthesis", "provection", "psittacism", "purr-word", "quadriliteralism", "quaesitio", "quote fact", "rebus", "reification", "rheme", "rhopalic", "sandhi", "scesis onomaton", "Schlimmbesserung", "semiotics", "sigmatism", "simile", "Sprachgefuhl", "Stammbaumtheorie", "stichomythia", "subreption", "sumpsimus", "superordinate", "suprasegmental", "syllepsis", "symploce", "synaeresis", "synaesthesia", "synaloepha", "synchysis", "syncope", "synecdoche", "synesis", "systole", "tachygraphy", "tautology", "theophoric", "tmesis", "traduttori traditori", "trope", "univocalic", "Ursprache", "Wanderwort", "Wellentheorie", "Witzelsucht", "wordfact", "xenoepist", or "zeugma".

word origins

• "A.D."
• "alumin(i)um"
• "bloody"
• "bug"="defect"
• "Caesarean section"
• "canola"
• "catch-22"
• "cop"
• "copacetic"
• "crap"
• "ebonics"
• "eighty-six"="nix"
• "Eskimo"
• "flammable"
• "freeway"
• "fuck"
• "golf"
• "hooker"
• "ISO"
• "jerry-built"/"jury-rigged"
• "kangaroo"
• "limerence"
• "loo"
• "love"="zero"
• "merkin"
• "nimrod"
• "O.K."
• "outrage"
• "paparazzo"
• "pie-shaped"
• "portmanteau word"
• "posh"
• "quiz"
• "Santa Ana"
• "scot-free"
• "sincere"
• "sirloin"/"baron of beef"
• "SOS"
• "spoonerism"
• "suck"="be very unsatisfying"
• "till"/"until"
• "tip"
• "titsling"/"brassiere"
• "troll"
• "typo"
• "Wicca"
• "widget"
• "wog"
• "wonk"
• "wop"
• "ye"="the"

phrase origins

• "the bee's knees"
• "beg the question"
• "billions and billions"
• "blue moon"
• "Bob's your uncle"
• "break a leg"
• "to call a spade a spade"
• "cut the mustard"
• "cut to the chase"
• "The die is cast"
• "dressed to the nines"
• "Elementary, my dear Watson!"
• "Enquiring minds want to know"
• "The exception proves the rule"
• "face the music"
• "fall off a turnip truck"
• "full monty"
• "Get the lead out"
• "Go figure"
• "Go placidly amid the noise and the haste" (Desiderata)
• "go to hell in a handbasket"
• "hell for leather"
• "hoist with his own petard"
• "by hook or by crook"
• "Illegitimis non carborundum"
• "in like Flynn"
• "Jingle Bells"
• "Let them eat cake"
• "mind your p's and q's"
• "more honoured in the breach than the observance"
• "more than you can shake a stick at"
• "ollie ollie oxen free"
• "peter out"
• "politically correct"
• "push the envelope"
• "put in one's two cents' worth"
• "rule of thumb"
• "shouting fire in a crowded theater"
• "son of a gun"
• "spitting image"/"spit and image"
• "There's a sucker born every minute"
• "to all intents and purposes"
• "wait for the other shoe to drop"
• "Wherefore art thou Romeo?"
• "whole cloth"
• "the whole nine yards"
• "You have another think coming"

Amerikanistik (W3)

...
Dabei geht der Blick der "Anglistik" über England hinaus. Den Gegenstand des Faches bildet die englische Sprache in ihrer heutigen weltweiten Verbreitung, die Anglistik interessiert sich für Shakespeare ebenso wie für literarische Produktionen aus Amerika oder dem Commonwealth - etwa aus Indien. Dieses breit angelegte Interessengebiet führt an vielen Universitäten zu einer Aufteilung des Faches. So hat sich die "Amerikanistik", die sich mit Sprache und Kultur Nordamerikas auseinandersetzt, an manchen Hochschulen als eigenständige Disziplin etabliert.
...

Antanaclasis, Antanaklase (W3)

Linguistic Documentation
Terminological und bibliographical database

dictionary.com
Etymology / Origins

Etymology / Origins

• Why are alcoholic drinks called cocktails?
• What is the origin of pizza?
• Where did the term deviled eggs come from?
• What is the origin of the word Christmas?
• Where did manila in Manila folder come from?
• What is the etymology of volcano?
• What is the word history of mosaic?
• What is the etymology of scissors?
• Where did the word flagstone come from?
• What is the etymology of square meal?
• What is the origin of bleachers as in baseball?
• What is the origin of the term March Madness?
• Where did the words catsup and ketchup come from? Which is preferred?
• What is the origin of April Fool's Day?
• What is the origin of dumbbell as exercise equipment?
• Where does the word glossary come from?
• What is Lent?
• What is the origin of the phrase grain of salt?
• What is the word history of hat trick?
• What is the etymology of hello?
• Where does the phrase cut the mustard come from?
• What is the etymology of pajamas?
• Why is it called a practical joke? What is practical about it?
• Where did the phrase rule of thumb come from?
• What is the origin of Salisbury steak? How about hamburger?
• What is a back-formation?
• What is a folk etymology?
• What are good sources for finding out the history of place names?
• What is the etymology of nickname?
• What is the origin of grinder, as in sandwich?
• What is the etymology of asparagus?
• What is the origin of barbecue?
• Where did the word car come from?
• What is the origin of the term egg on?
• Where did gin get its name?
• What is the etymology of hangnail?
• What is the origin of the word jeep?
• Where did the word leotard come from?
• What is the origin of mustard?
• What is the etymology of OK?
• What is the word history of pencil?
• What is the etymology of reindeer?
• What is the origin of turkey?
• What is the meaning and etymology of derby, as in horse racing?
• Where can I learn everything about etymology? How does one become an etymologist?
• Where did the word computer come from?
• What is the origin of the 'f' word? Warning: contains language which may be considered offensive.
• Where does the phrase the whole nine yards originate?
• Where does the word stat used in hospitals come from?

Escher sentences (W3)

...
These sentences remind me of the pictures of stairways that spiral up endlessly within a finite space, and ...
...

eserver
Languages and Linguistics

• Acronyms Dictionary
• American Philological Association
• Beginning Greek
• Birkbeck College, Department of Applied Linguistics
• Center for Applied Linguistics
• Center for the Study of Language and Information
• CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
• Consortium for Lexical Research
• Croatian Language
• Devil's Dictionary of Lit Terms
• Economic Freedom and Language
• European Network in Language and Speech
• Feudal Dictionary
• FingerSpell (Mac)
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• French Literature Collection
• German News
• Guide to Wheelock's Latin
• Hopper BLS Paper
• Hopper: Times of the Sign
• International Phonetic Association
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• Latin Terms
• Latin texts
• Learn to Read Russian
• Let's Learn Arabic
• Lexical Functional Grammar
• Linell: The Written Language Bias in Linguistics
• Linguistic Society of America
• The Linguists List
• Minimal pairs for English RP
• Mistranslations
• Mondegreen Phrases
• Official English: A 'No' Vote
• Oxymorons
• Online English Handbook 1.2.1 (Mac)
• Palmer-Bakhtin and Net Subjects
• Polanyi & Hopper 1981
• Project Libellus
• Qalam
• Quick & Dirty Japanese
• Sengers: Wallowing in the Quagmire of Language
• Shakespeare Glossary
• Shaw and Meihem
• SIL Encore IPA Fonts
• Some basic Spanish conjugations
• Study Guide to Wheelock Latin
• Swedish-English Dictionary
• The Awful German Language
• UCLA Phonetics Lab
• Urdu Dictionary
• Welsh Resources

Etymology (W3)

Etymology-Man (W3)

google.com
Google Ngram Viewer

Syntactic Annotations for the Google Books Ngram Corpus

Yuri Lin, Jean-Baptiste Michel, Erez Lieberman Aiden, Jon Orwant, Will Brockman and Slav Petrov

Google Inc.

{yurilin, jbmichel, drerez, orwant, brockman, slav}@google.com

Abstract

We present a new edition of the Google Books Ngram Corpus, which describes how often words and phrases were used over a period of five centuries, in eight languages; it reflects 6% of all books ever published. This new edition introduces syntactic annotations: words are tagged with their part-of-speech, and headmodifier relationships are recorded. The annotations are produced automatically with statistical models that are specifically adapted to historical text. The corpus will facilitate the study of linguistic trends, especially those related to the evolution of syntax.
...

What does the Ngram Viewer do?

When you enter phrases into the Google Books Ngram Viewer, it displays a graph showing how those phrases have occurred in a corpus of books (e.g., "British English", "English Fiction", "French") over the selected years. Let's look at a sample graph:
...

The Google Books Ngram Viewer is optimized for quick inquiries into the usage of small sets of phrases. If you're interested in performing a large scale analysis on the underlying data, you might prefer to download a portion of the corpora yourself. Or all of it, if you have the bandwidth and space. We're happy to oblige.

These datasets were generated in July 2012 (Version 2) and July 2009 (Version 1); we will update these datasets as our book scanning continues, and the updated versions will have distinct and persistent version identifiers (20120701 and 20090715 for the current sets).
...

• American English
• British English
• Chinese (simplified)
• English
• English Fiction
• French
• German
• Hebrew
• Italian
• Russian
• Spanish
• American English (2009)
• British English (2009)
• Chinese (simplified) (2009)
• English (2009)
• English Fiction (2009)
• English One Million (2009)
• French (2009)
• German (2009)
• Hebrew (2009)
• Russian (2009)
• Spanish (2009)

Google-NGram-Viewer am Beispiel »Wikipedia, Lexikon, Nachschlagewerk«

"N-Gramme" sind das Ergebnis der Zerlegung eines Textes in Fragmente. Der Text wird dabei zerlegt und jeweils N aufeinanderfolgende Fragmente als N-Gramm zusammengefasst. Die Fragmente können Buchstaben, Phoneme, Wörter und Ähnliches sein. N-Gramme finden Anwendung in der Kryptologie und Linguistik, speziell auch in der Computerlinguistik, Computerforensik und Quantitativen Linguistik. Einzelne Wörter, ganze Sätze oder komplette Texte werden hierbei zur Analyse oder statistischen Auswertung in N-Gramme zerlegt.
...

N-Gramm

Linguistic Landscape (W3)

University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1968, Seite V: "... linguistic landscape ..."

Teachers at Work - A column about teaching
Learning English from Your Linguistic Landscape
June 12, 2015
By Fitch O'Connell
Beadazzled is the name of a shop in a small town in the UK. A church in a city in Australia encourages passersby to "Prevent Truth Decay - Brush up on you Bible." These signs create something linguists Rodrigue Landry and Richard Y. Bourhis defined as "the linguistic landscape of a given territory, region or urban agglomeration" and they are all useful tools in the teaching of English to non-native speakers. Continue reading...

...
Language occurring on public signs and notices in this way was first referred to as "linguistic landscapes" in 1997 by Rodrigue Landry and Richard Y. Bourhis. These landscapes can be used in many different ways in the language classroom, both passively (exploring signage that has been photographed) or actively (projects which include students collecting examples themselves).
...

Here's to Your Wellness
April 16, 2010
For this Sunday's "Health and Wellness" issue of The New York Times Magazine, I've contributed an "On Language" column looking at how we all started talking about "wellness" (as opposed to health) in the first place. The word has had an odd trajectory: from an occasional "antonym" of "illness" dating back to the 17th century, to an uneasy label for preventive and holistic approaches to health in the '70s and '80s, to an established element of our "linguistic landscape" in the '90s and beyond.
Article Topics: Vocabulary, Words, Usage

Linguistic profiling

linguistics (W3)

linguistlist
Linguistlist

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LSA (W3)

merriam-webster.com
Etymology
Where do new words come from?
How do you figure out their histories?

• Etymology
• How new words are formed
• Borrowing
• Shortening or clipping
• Functional shift
• Back-formation
• Blends
• Acronymic formations
• Transfer of personal or place names
• Imitation of sounds
• Folk etymology
• Combining word elements
• Literary and creative coinages

NLP
computational linguistics

odlt.org
ODLT
The Online Dictionary of Language Terminology

The ODLT contains concise explanations of the words English speakers use to talk about language

| adjective | adverb | affix | aspect | case | clause | compound | concord | conjunction | consonant | ellipsis | etymology | gender | grammar | grammatical category | grammatical number | language | modality | mood | morphology | name | noun | object | orthography | passive | particle | preposition | processes | pronoun | parts of speech | punctuation | rhetoric | semantics | sentence | sound | syllable | tense | typology | verb | vowel |

Other Topics: All People | All terms | Branches of Study | Chomskyan Linguistics | Confusables | Figures of Speech | Lexicography | Linguistics | Mavens | Medical | Miscellaneous | Obsolete | Origins of Language | Pragmatics | Semiotics | Speech | Style | Structural Linguistics | Texts | Usage | Word Play | Word Types |

| abbreviation | abbreviature | abessive case | abjad | ablative case | ablaut | absent referent | absolute clause | absolute construction | absolute modifier | absolute tense | abstract noun | abugida | abusage | accent (phonology) | accent aigu (´) | accent bar | accent grave (`) | accidence | accidental gap | accusative case | acoustic phonetics | acrolect | acronym | acrophony | ACS | active participle | active voice | acute accent (´) | acyrology | adfix | adianoeta | adjectival clause | adjective | adjective pronoun | adjunct | adnominal | adnominal adjunct | adnominatio | adnoun | adposition | adverb | adverbial | adverbial adjunct | adverbial clause | adverbial complement | adverbial conjunction | adverbial connective | adverbial disjunct | adverbial function | adverbial genitive | adverbial particle | adverbial phrase | adverb preposing | adversative passive | adverse | averse | advise | advice | Aelfric’s Grammar | affect | effect | affectum | affinal taboo index | affix | affricate | agentless passive | agent noun | agglomerese | agglutinating language | agglutination | agrammatism | agraphia | agreement | air quotes | Airspeak | Aktionsart | alethic modality | alexia | alinea (¶) | allative case | alliteration | allograph | allomorph | allophone | allude | mention | allusion | illusion | alot | a lot | alphabet | alphabetic principle | alright | all right | alternately | alternatively | alveolar margin | alveolar ridge | alveolar sound | amalgam | amalgamation | ambigram | ambiposition | ambisyllabicity | ambitransitive verb | amelioration | American Style of punctuation | amoral | immoral | | amphibology | amphiboly | amredita compound | anachorism | anacoluthon | anacronym | anacrusis | anadiplosis | anagram | anagrammatism | anagram pair | analogical change | analogy | analytic language | anapest | anaphor | anaphora (linguistics) | anaphora (rhetoric) | anaphoric pronoun | anaptyxis | anastrophe | Anglian | Anglo-French | Anglo-Latin | Anglo-Norman | Anglo-Saxon | Anglosphere | anisomorphism | answer ellipsis | antagonym | antanaclasis | antecedent | antecedent-contained deletion | antecedent-contained ellipsis | anthimeria | anthroponomastics | | | anthroposemiotics | anticipatory "it" | anti-cliché | anti-language | antimetabole | antiphrasis | antisthecon | antistrophe | antonomasia | antonym | aphaeresis | aphasia | aphesis | aphetic forms | aphorism | apical | apocopate | apocopation | apocope | apodosis | apo koinou | apophasis | apophony | aporia | aposiopesis | apostrophe (') | apostrophe (rhetoric) | apothegm | apposition | appositional object | appositive clause | appraise | apprise | approximative case | | arbitrariness | arbitrary gender | archaism | argot | argument-contained ellipsis | Aristophanes of Byzantium | Ars Rhetorica | article | articulatory phonetics | artificial language | Art of Grammar | Aryan | ascriptive sentence | ash | Ashtadhyayi | aspect | asperand (@) | assimilation | associative case | assonance | asteism | asterisk (*) | asterisk (etymology) | asterism | asyndetic coordination | asyndeton | atelicity | atomic unit | at sign (@) | attested form | attested language | atticism | attic salt | attribute | attributive | attributive adjective | | attributive noun | auditory phonetics | augmentative | augur | auger | aureate term | author | co-author | autoantonym | auto-antonymy | autological word | autonym | auxesis | auxiliary verb | aversive case | Avestan

| baby talk | back-channelling | back-clipping | back-formation | backhanded compliment | backronym | backshift | back slang | backslash (\) | backward pronominalization | bahuvribi | Bailey, Nathan | barbarism | bare argument ellipsis | bare infinitive | bare plural | barred i | base | base form | Basic English | basic word order | basilect | begging the question | benefactive | beside | besides | bicameral alphabet | Bickerton, Derek | bilabial | billingsgate | bimonthly | semi-monthly | binary antonyms | binomials | bioprogram theory | blend | blending | blind agreement | blocking | Bloomfield, Leonard | Blount, Thomas | BNC | Boas, Franz | Boasian view of language | body language | Bopp, Franz | bouletic modality | boulomaic modality | bound morpheme | boustrophedon | bow-wow theory | Boxhorn, Marcus van | braces ({ }) | brachygraphy | brachylogy | brackets {}[]()«»< > | break hyphen (-) | breve | British National Corpus | British Style of punctuation | broad reference | Broca’s aphasia | brogue | broken English | Brown Corpus | Brythonic | Bullokar, William | bureaucratese | burr | buzzword

| cacography | cacology | caconym | cacophemism | cacozelia | Caesar, Julius | caesura | calque | CamelCase | canonical form | canonical order | cant | capital | Capitol | capitalization | capitonym | cardinal vowels | caret (^) | caritive case | Carny | case | casus generalis | | | catchword | causative suffix | causative verb | Caxton, William | cedilla | Celtic Hypothesis | censure | censor | cerilla | chain of nouns | character | charactonym | charientismus | Charisius, Flavius Sosipater | chiasmus | child-directed speech | ChilDes | Chomsky, Noam | chrestomathy | chroneme | chuchotage | Ciardi, John | circumfix | circumflex (ˆ) | circumlocution (linguistics) | circumlocution (rhetoric) | circumposition | circumpositional phrase | circumstantial adverb | circumstantial modality | citation | citation form | cite | site | clang association | clanging | Classical Hebrew | Classical Latin | classifier | clausal complement | clause | clear L [|] | cledonism | cleft infinitive | cleft sentence | cliché | click consonant [!] | climactic | climatic | climax | clipping | clitic | clitic pronoun | closed-class item | closed word class | close pair | CNL | coda | code-switching | code word | cognate accusative | cognate object | cognates | cognate verb | cohortative | cohyponymic transfer | coin | Coleridge, Herbert | collateral form | collective noun | collocation | collocational restriction | colon (:) | colon (rhetoric) | colonial lag | combining form | comitative case | comma (,) | comma splice | commercial at (@) | common adjective | common gender | common name | common noun | comparative | comparative deletion | comparative ellipsis | compare to | compare with | competence mistake | complacent | complaisant | complement | complement | compliment | completive marker | complex-compound sentence | complex preposition | complex sentence | compound | compound adjective | compound adverb | compound-complex sentence | compounding | compound modifier | compound noun | compound sentence | compound split infinitive | compound subject | compound tense | compound verb | comprise | compose | conative | concord | concrete noun | conditional | conditional conjunction | conditional mood | conditional perfect | confusables | confusage | congeries | conjugate | conjugation | conjunct | conjunction | conjunctive adverb | conjunctive conjunction | | connotation | connotation | denotation | consonance | consonant | consonantal alphabet | consonantal drift | consonantary | consonant cluster | construe | contextual spell-checking | continuity theories | continuous | continual | continuous aspect | contraction | contranym | contrast | contrived acronym | controlled language | conventional haplography | conversion | conversion (etymology) | coordinate adjectives | coordinate clause | coordinating conjunction | coordinating connective | coordination | coordinator | coprolalia | copula | copular sentence | copulative conjunction | corpus | corpus linguistics | correlative | correlative conjunction | correlative coordination | council | counsel | councillor | counsellor | countable noun | counterterm | covering word | CPH | cranberry morpheme | cranberry word | crasis | credible | credulous | creole | crescendo | climax | Critical Age Hypothesis | Critical Period Hypothesis | cruciverbalist | cryptolect | Crystal, David | cuckoo theory | cumulative adjectives | cumulative genitive | cumulative reference | cumulative sentence | cumulativity | cuneiform

| dactyl | daffynition | dagger (†) | dangling gerund phrase | dangling modifier | dangling participle | Daniels, Peter T. | DARE | dark L [?] | dash (- and —) | dative case | dead metaphor | declarative content clause | declension | deep structure | defective verb | deference index | deferred reference | defining relative clause | definite | definitive | definite article | defuse | diffuse | degeneration | degree | degree (°) | deictic pronoun | deixis | delative case | demonstrative adjective | demonstrative pronoun | demonstrative root | demonym | demonymic | demotic | denotation | denotatum | dental consonant | dental preterite | deontic modality | dependent clause | dependent marker word | derivation | derivational affix | derivational morphology | derivational suffix | derived adverb | derived noun | descriptive compound | descriptivism | desert | dessert | designatum | design features of language | desinence | determinative | determinative compound | determiner | Devanagari | deverbal noun | diachronic linguistics | diachronic paragoge | diacope | diacritic | dialect | dialogue | diastole | diction | dictionary | didactic grammar | dieresis(¨) | dieresis (linguistics) | different from | different to | diglossia | digraph | diminution (diminutive) | diminution (litotes) | diminutive | dingbat | diphone | diphthong | diphthongization | direct object | direct speech | discontinuity theories | discourse particle | discreet | discrete | disinterested | uninterested | disjunct | disjunctive conjunction | disjunctive pronoun | dis legomenon | displacement | dissimilation | distal demonstrative | distinctive features | distributive adjective | distributive pronoun | disyllable | ditransitive verb | dittogram | dittograph | dittography | dogberryism | DO insertion | don't-levelling | Donatus | donkey pronoun | donkey sentence | dorsal | DO support | double "is" | double copula | double dactyl | double dagger (‡) | double genitive | double negative | double obelisk (‡) | double passive | double plural | doublespeak | doublet (etymology) | doublet (game) | d-structure | dual | dual alphabet | duality of patterning | dubitative mood | dummy | dummy auxiliary DO | dummy pronoun | duplifix | durative aspect | dvandva | dyad | dynamic modality | dynamic passive | dynamic verb | dysarthria | Dyscolus, Apollonius | dysgraphia | dyslalia | dyslexia | dysphemism | dysphonia | dysprosody | dystmesis

| Early English | Early Middle English | Early Modern English | echoism | echolalia | echo tag | ecphoneme (!) | ecthlipsis | editorial "we" | editorial doubt | Edwards, Jonathan | effectum | | egoism | egotism | either | elative | elegant variation | Elementarie | elevation | elision | ellipsis (grammar) | ellipsis (rhetoric) | ellipsis (…) | elliptical clause | elliptical infinitive | elocution | Elyot, Thomas | em | embedding | embolalia | em dash (—) | eme | emic | emigrant | immigrant | EModE | emoticon | emphatic pronoun | em quad | enallage (grammar) | enallage (rhetoric) | Enchorial Egyptian | enclave | exclave | enclitic | en dash (-) | endocentric | endocentric compound | endonym | endophora | engma | enjambment | envelop | envelope | epanadiplosis | epanados | epanalepsis | epanastrophe | epanorthosis | epenthesis | epeolatry | epergesis | epexegesis | epicene gender | epicene pronoun | epiphora | epistemic modality | epistrophe | episynaloephe | epithet | epizeuxis | eponym | eponymy | E-Prime | equational sentence | equative | ergative-absolutive language | ergative case | ergative verb | erotema | eroteme (?) | Erse | escape character (\) | esoteric language | Esperanto | etc. | et cetera | ethnonym | ethnonymics | etic | etymological fallacy | etymological twins | etymology | etymon | | eusystolism | evidential language | exact synonyms | exceptionable | exceptional | exclamation mark (!) | exegesis | exemplification | existential "it" | existential "there" | existential sentence | exocentric | exocentric compound | exonym | exoteric language | | | extension | external sandhi | extranuclear

| factitive object | false cognates | false friends | false passive | false splitting | fatalism | pessimism | faulty coordination | faulty parallelism | faulty subordination | fawn | faun | fewer | less | figurative | figurative | literal | figurative extension | figure | figure dash (?) | figure of speech | finger quotes | finite clause | finite verb | fixed phrase | flammable | inflammable | flat adverb | flaunt | flout | FLB | FLN | flounder | founder | focus | folk etymology | Follett, Wilson | font | fore-and-aft-clipping | fore-clipping | foreignism | foreword | forward | Forkhead box protein P2 | fortition | forward slash (/) | fossilized term | fossil word | fourth person | Fowler, Henry Watson | Fowler's Modern English Usage | FOXP2 | frame semantics | Frankish | free morpheme | freezes | Fremdvort | French spacing | frequentative | fricative | full infinitive | full stop | Furnivall, Frederick | fused participle | fused relative clause | fused sentence | fusional language | Futhork | future continuous | future inceptive | future past | future perfect | future perfect continuous | future perfect progressive | future progressive | future simple | future subordinate | future tense

| gallicism | Gallo-Roman | gapping (clauses) | gapping ellipsis | garden path sentence | | Gaswort | gemination (orthography) | gemination (phonetics) | gemination (rhetoric) | gender | gender concord | genderlect | gender marking | General American | generalization | General Purpose Dictionary | generative grammar | generic "he" | generic "one" | generic "you" | genericide | generic mood | generification | generonym | genitive case | genteelism | gentilic | gentleman's agreement | gerund | gerundive | gestural theory of language origins | get-passive | ghost word | gibberish | glide | gloss | glossary | Glossographia | glossolalia | glossopoeia | glottal catch | glottal stop | glottis | glottochronology | glyph | gnomic | gnomic aorist | gobbledygook | Goidelic | got and gotten | govern | Gowers, Ernest | GPD | gradability | gradable antonyms | gradation | grammar | grammar explosion | grammarian | grammatical | grammatical aspect | grammatical category | grammatical concord | grammatical gender | grammaticalisation | grammaticality | grammatical morpheme | grammatical number | grammatical voice | grammaticisation | Grammaticus, Diomedes | grammeme | grapheme | graphology | graphospasm | Great Eskimo Vocabulary Hoax | Great Vowel Shift | Greenberg, Joseph | greengrocer's apostrophe | Grimm, Jacob | Grimm's Law | grisly | grizzly | group noun | group possessive | guillemets (« ») | Gunning Fog Index

| hanged | hung | Hangul | hapax legomenon | haplography | haplology | hard hyphen (-) | hard-word dictionary | Harper, Douglas | Harris, Zellig | Harvard comma | Hausa | h-dropping | head | head directionality parameter | head final | head initial | headword | Heavy Metal Umlaut | hedge | helping verb | hendiadys | hendiatris | heritage language | heterogloss | heterographs | heterography | heterological word | | heterophone | hiatus | hieratic | hieronym | High German | High Rising Intonation (HRI) | High Rising terminal (HRT) | Hiragana | historic | historical | historical linguistics | historical present | historical principles | historical semantics | hoard | horde | Hobson-Jobsonism | hole in the pattern | holonymy | homeoteleuton (literary) | homeoteleuton (palaeography) | homograph | homography | homonym | homophone | honorific | hopefully | Horace | hortative | howler | Humboldt, Wilhelm von | hybrid | hypallage | hyperbaton | hyperbole | hypercorrect | hyperforeign | hyperglot | hypernasality | hyperonym | hyphen (-) | hypocorism | hypocoristic | hypogegrammeni | hyponym | hypotaxis | hysterologia | hysteron proteron

| i.e. | e.g. | iamb | iambic pentameter | Ibn Abi Ishaq | iconic sign | ideogram | ideograph | ideophone | idiolect | idiom | idiomatic passive | idiotism | if | whether | when | illative case | illative particle | illeism | illocutionary act | imperative mood | imperative particle | imperfect participle | imperfect tense | impersonal verb | implicational universal | implied conditional | imply | infer | inceptive future | inceptive verb | inchoative aspect | inchoative verb | inclusive/exclusive "we" pronouns | indefinite article | indefinite numeral | indefinite pronoun | independent clause | independent marker word | indexical sign | indicative mood | indirect object | indirect passive | indirect speech | Indo-European | Indo-Germanic | inductive antonomasia | infinitival particle | infinitive | infix | inflection | inflectional affix | inflectional morphology | inflectional root | inflectional suffix | initialism | inkhornism | inkhorn term | inkpot term | instrumental case | intensifier | intensive pronoun | interchangeability | interdental consonant | interfix | interjection | internal sandhi | | interpunct (·) | interrogation point (?) | interrogative adverb | interrogative clause | interrogative content clause | interrogative pronoun | intonation | intonation contour | intonation curve | intonation language | intonation phoneme | intonation turn | intoneme | intransitive verb | introductory complement | intrusive R | invariant noun | iota | iota subscript | IPA | ipsissima verba | irony | irony mark | irrealis moods | irregular verb | isocolon | isogloss | isogram | isolating language | it-cleft | iterated genitive determiner | iterative compound

| Jakobson, Roman | Janus word | jargon | Jespersen, Otto | Jespersen's cycle | jocular formation | joey | Johnson, Samuel | Johnson's Dictionary Preface | Jones, William | jot | juncture | juncture loss

| kadigan | kangaroo word | karmadharaya | Katakana | kenning | Kentish | kinesics | koine | koinon | Kudos for the ODLT | Kussmaul, Adolph

| label name | labial | labiodental | laconism | Lakoff, George | Lakoff, Robin | lallation | lambdacism | laminal | language | language bioprogram hypothesis | language faculty | language instinct | langue | langue d'oc | langue d'oïl | Late Latin | lateral | Latin | lative case | lavender language | lavender linguistics | lax vowel | lect | lemma | lemmatize | lenition | Lenvort | letter | lexeme | lexical | lexical aspect | lexical category | lexical class | lexical gap | lexical item | lexical meaning | lexical morphology | lexical priming | lexical root | lexical unit | lexical verb | lexicographer | lexicography | lexicology | lexicon | lexifer language | liaison | ligature | light verb | limiting adjective | limiting clause | lingua franca | Lingua Tertii Imperii | linguist | linguistic determinism | linguistic nativism | linguistic relativity | linguistics | Linguistics Wars | linguistic turn | linguistic typology | link hyphen (-) | linking verb | lipogram | lipography | listeme | literal | literary onomastics | litotes | loan blend | loanshift | loan translation | loanword | loath | loathe | localism | locative case | logatome | logical punctuation | logogram | logograph | logographic principle | logomachy | logonomy | logorrhea | long passive | long vowel | loose | lose | loose sentence | Low German | Lowth, Robert | luxuriant | luxurious

| macaronic | macrolinguistics | macron | main clause | main entry | majestic plural | major sentence | majuscule | | manner adverb | manner of articulation | Manutius, Aldus (the Elder) | Manutius, Aldus (the Younger) | marker | mass noun | mass-word | matronym | meaningless DO | measure word | Medieval Latin | meiosis | Mei Ying-tso | Mentalese | Mercian | Merge | merism | merismus | meronymy | Mesha Stele | mesolect | metacronym | metagrammatism | metalanguage | metalepsis | metalinguistics | metallage | | metanoia | metaphor | metaphoric extension | metaplasm (linguistics) | metaplasm (rhetoric) | metastasis | metathesis | metonym | metonymy | metronymic | metronymy | microlinguistics | Middle English | Middle French | Middle High German | Middle Low German | militate | mitigate | minced oath | minimal free form | Minimalist Program | minimal pair | minor sentence | minuscule | mirative mood | misdivision | misplaced modifier | Mitchell, Richard | mixed metaphor | modal auxiliary verb | modality | modal verb | Modern English | Modern Language Association (MLA) | Modern Latin | modifier | mondegreen | monepic | monogenesis | mononym | monophthong | monophthongization | monospaced font | monosyllabic language | monosyllable | Montfaucon, Bernard de | mood | morph | morpheme | morphemics | morphology | morphophonology | motherese | multiple negation | mumpsimus | Muphry's law | Murray, James | mutated plural | mycterismus

| narrowing | nasal | natural gender | natural language | Natural Language Toolkit | near rhyme | negative concord | negative particle | negative pronoun | n-ellipsis | Neogrammarian Hypothesis | Neogrammarians | neologism | neology | New English Dictionary | New High German | new information marker | Newspeak | nice-nellyism | Nirukta | NLTK | nobiliary particle | Nomenclaturism | nominalization (etymology) | nominalization (grammar) | nominal relative clause | nominative absolute | nominative case | nominative pronoun | nonce word | non-defining relative clause | non-finite verb | non-gradability | non-restrictive relative clause | non-rhotic speech | nonword | Norman | normative grammar | North Germanic | North Sea Germanic | Northumbrian | nosism | Nostratic | note of admiration (!) | notional agreement | notional concord | notional verb | not-stripping ellipsis | noun | noun adjunct | nounal | nounal clause | nounally | noun chain | noun clause | noun-incorporation | nouning | noun of assemblage | noun phrase | nucleus | null-A | null comparative | null complement anaphora | null subject language | null subject parameter | number

| obelisk (†) | obelism | object | object complement | object pronoun | oblique (/) | oblique case | occlusive | OED | officialese | officious | official | of-genitive | Ogden, C.K. | Ogham | Oh | O | Old Church Slavonic | Old English | Old French | Old High German | Old Low German | Old North French | Old Saxon | oligosynthetic language | onomasiology | onomasticon | onomastics | onomatechny | onomatology | onomatopoeia | onomatopoeic coinage | onomatotechny | onset | open-class item | open word class | optative mood | ordinance | ordnance | oronyms | orthoepy | orthographic depth | orthographic principle | orthography | ostensive definition | OV language | | Oxford English Dictionary | oxymoron

| palaeography | palarie | palatal | palate | palate | palette | | Palsgrave, John | Panini | parachesis | paradigm | paragoge | paragraph | paragraphos | paralanguage | paralexia | paralinguistics | paralipsis | parallelism | parameter | paraph | paraphasia | paraphrasia | paraphrasis | paraprosdokian | parasitic -t | parataxis | parelcon (etymology) | parelcon (rhetoric) | parentheses () | parimion | Parlyaree | paroemion | parole | paromoiosis | paronomasia | paronyms | parse | pars pro toto | participial adjective | participial clause | participial phrase | participle | participle clause | particle | particle verb | partitive | partitive article | partitive genitive case | Partridge, Eric | parts of speech | passive progressive voice | passive voice | Passy, Paul | past continuous | past future | past participle | past perfect | past perfect continuous | past perfect progressive | past progressive | past simple | past tense | pathos | patois | patronymic | paucal | peak | pejoration | penultimate | ultimate | perfective aspect | perfective auxiliary | perfect participle | performance mistake | performative verb | period (.) | periodic sentence | periphrasis | periphrasis (linguistics) | periphrast | periphrastic DO | perlocutionary act | perlocutionary effect | perquisite | prerequisite | perseveration | person | personal pronoun | perspicuous | perspicacious | petitio principii | | phatic communion | philology | phonation | phone | phoneme | phonemic inventory | phonesthemes | phonesthesia | phonetic | phonetics | phonogram | phonology | phonotactics | phrasal adverb | phrasal indefinite pronoun | phrasal verb | phrase | phrase structure grammar | pictogram | pictograph | pidgin | PIE | pilcrow (¶) | Pinker, Steven | Pinyin | pitch | Pitman, Isaac | place adverb | placeholder name | place of articulation | Plato's problem | pleonasm | pleonastic genitive | pleonastic pronoun | pleonastic subject | ploce | plosive | pluperfect | plural | plurale tantum | pluralis auctoris | pluralis maiestatis | pluralis modestiae | plural of majesty | pointed u | pointing | point-virgule (;) | pojmanym | Polari | Politics and the English Language | polyepic | polygenesis | polyglot | polyonym | polyptote | polyptoton | polyseme | polysemous | polysemy | polysyllable | polysyndetic coordination | polysyndeton | polysynthetic language | polyword | pooh-pooh theory | popular etymology | portmanteau morph | portmanteau word | positive | possessive | possessive adjective | possessive apostrophe (') | possessive case | possessive pronoun | possessive recursion | postfix | post genitive | postmodifier | postposition | postpositive preposition | potential mood | POTS | poverty of the stimulus | practice | practise | pragmatic competence | pragmatic particle | pragmatics | predicate | predicate nominative | predicate objective | predicative | predicative adjective | prefix | premiss | premise | premodifier | prep "it" | preposition | prepositional phrase | prepositional pronoun | prepositional verb | preposition stranding | prescriptivism | present continuous | present participle | present perfect | present perfect continuous | present perfect progressive | present progressive | present simple | present tense | preterite | preventive | preventative | primary orality | primings | principal | principle | principal parts of a verb | principal verb | principle | Principles and Parameters | Principles of Newspeak | Priscian | privative | privative alpha | privative case | privy nippe | Probus, Marcus Valerius | proclitic | pro-drop language | pro-drop parameter | productivity | pro-form | progressive aspect | progressive auxiliary | progressive future | progressive future perfect | progressive participle | progressive past | progressive past perfect | progressive present | progressive present perfect | prolepsis | pronominal adjective | pronoun | pronoun inventory | prop "it" | proper adjective | proper name | proper noun | proprietary name | proprietary term | pro-sentence | proslepsis | prosody | prosopopeia | prosthesis | Protagoras | protasis | prothesis | Proto-Germanic | protogram | Proto-Indo-European | proto-language | Proto Language | protologism | proto-world-language | pro-verb | proximal demonstrative | proximity concord | pseudo-acronym | pseudogapping | pseudoword | Pullum, Geoffrey | punctuation | punctuation mark | punctum | punctus | punctus interrogativus | punctus percontativus | Pupillus, Orbilius | pure infinitive | pure vowel

| quantifier | quasi-auxiliary verb | quasi-periodic vibration voicing | Queen's English | question mark (?) | question tag | Quintilian | quotation dash (—) | quotation marks (' ')(" ") | quotation quadrats (' ')(" ")

| | rational gender | r-dropping | realis moods | rebracketing | Rebus Principle | Received Pronunciation | recipient noun | reciprocal pronoun | recursion | recursive acronym | recursive syntactic subordination | redundant verb | reduplicated plural | reduplication | Reed-Kellogg diagrams | refactorization | referent | reflexive pronoun | reflexive verb | regiolect | register | regretful | regrettable | regular verb | reinforcement tag | relative clause | relative pronoun | relative tense | relativizer | Renaissance English | resolved tense | restrictive relative clause | resultant object | resultative adjective | retained object | retronym | reversed wh-cleft | reverse solidus (\) | rhetoral elocution | rhetoric | rhetorical device | rhetorical question | rhetorical question mark | rhopalic | rhotacism | rhotacism (etymology) | rhotic speech | rhyming compound | rhyming slang | Richards, I. A. | rime | Robert Cawdrey | Roget, Peter | root | rootless | Rosetta Project | royal "we" | RP | rune | run-on sentence

| SAE | | sandhi | Sanskrit | sans-serif | Sapir, Edward | Sapir-Whorf hypothesis | sarcasm | Saussure, Ferdinand de | Saxon genitive | Saxonism | Scandinavian | scare quotes | scheme | Schlegel, Friedrich | schwa | Scoticism | Scots | Scottish | Scottism | Scouse | scrambling language | scratch comma (/) | script | scriptio continua | secondary object | secondary orality | section (§) | segment | semagram | semalfactive | semantic drift | semanticity | semantic loan | semantics | | semaphore | semasiology | sememe | semicolon (;) | semiotics | semiphonotypy | Semi-Saxon | semivowel | senone | sentence | sentence adverb | sentence case | sentence element | sentence fragment | separatrix (|) | serial comma | serif | sesquipedalian | s-genitive | shall | will | shear | sheer | shibboleth | shorthand | short passive | short vowel | Siamese twins | sibilant | sideroxylon | sigmatism | sign | sign (Saussure) | signifier | silent letter | SIL International Ethnologue | simile | Simon, John | simple adverb | simple future | simple past | simple present | simple sentence | simple tense | simple verb | simulfix | singular | singular "they" | singulare tantum | situational agreement | Skeat, Walter | skeuomorphism | slang | SLI | sluicing | sniglet | sociolect | soft hyphen (-) | soft palate | solecism | solidus (/) | soraismus | sortal | sound symbolism | SOV language | Spanish N | SPE | speaking in tongues | specialization | specific language impairment | speech | spelling numbers | spelling pronunciation | spiritus asper | spiritus lenis | spliced idiom | split infinitive | split modifier | split verb | | | spot-plague | Sprachraum | square brackets ([ ]) | squinting modifier | s-structure | Standard American English | stationary | stationery | stative passive | stative verb | Steeves, Jon | stem | stenography | stop | stop consonant | stress | stripping ellipsis | strong verb | structural linguistics | Strunk, William Jr. | StudlyCaps | stunt word | stylistics | subject | subject complement | subjective pronoun | subject-prominent language | subject pronoun | subjunctive | subordinate clause | subordinate conjunction | subordinate future | subordinating conjunction | subordinating connective | subordination | subordinator | subreption | substantive | substantive adjective | substantive participle | substrate | such as | suffix | superfix | superlative | superlative of two | superordinate | superstrate | supine | | suppletive form | suprafix | suprasegmental | surface form | surface structure | Survey Corpus | Survey of English Usage | suspended compound adjective | suspended hyphen (-) | suspension point (…) |suspension sign | SVO language | Sweet, Henry | swung dash (~) | syllabary | syllabification | syllable | syllable word | syllabogram | syllepsis | symbolic sign | synaeresis | synaesthesia (literary) | synaesthesia (medical) | synaloepha | synchysis | syncopation | syncope | syncretism | syndetic coordination | synecdoche | synesis | synonym | synonymia | synonymicon | synonymy | synopsis | | syntax | synthetic language | systole | systrophe

| Table Alphabeticall | tachygraphy | tag | tag question | tail question | tapinosis | tatpurusha | tautology | taxogram | tayl'd i | technobabble | technospeak | teleological modality | telicity | Temherte slaq (¡) | tense | tense vowel | terminology | tetrakis legomenon | text messaging | T-form | that-clause | the indefinite vowel | The King's English | The New World of Words | theophoric | theronym | thesaurus | the substantive verb | thetatismus | thorn | Thrax, Dionysius | tilde (~) | time adverb | Tironian notes | titillate | titivate | Title case | tittle | tmesis | to-infinitive | tonal sandhi | tone | tone language | toneme | topic-prominent language | topolect | toponomastics | toponym | toponymy | tortuous | torturous | totum pro parte | traditional grammar | transferred epithet | transformation | transformational grammar | transitive verb | translation fallacy | transliterate | transnumeral | Trench, Richard | trial | tricolon | tri-consonantal root | trinomials | Tripartite motto | triphone | triphthong | triplets | tris legomenon | trisyllable | trope | troponymy | Truss, Lynn | tuism | turbid | turgid | tushery | T-V distinction | T-V pronouns | typeface | typography | typology

| umlaut(¨) | umlaut (process) | uncial | uncountable noun | Underground Grammarian | underlying form | unexceptionable | unexceptional | unicameral alphabet | unique morpheme | universal | universal grammar | universal tendency | univocalic | unpaired word | unreal past | upspeak | uptalk | Urheimat | Ursprache | uvula | uvular r | uvular trill

| vague word | valency | variety | Varro | velar | velopharyngeal insufficiency | venal | venial | verb | verbal | verbal false limb | verbicide | verbigeration | verbless clause | verb-noun | verb phrase ellipsis | verbum sap | vernacular | Verner's Law | V-form | virgule (/) | vocabulary | vocal cords | vocal folds | vocal fry | vocalic | vocative case | vogue word | voice (phonology) | voiced consonant | voiceless consonant | voice onset time | VO language | volition | VOT | vowel | vowel gradation | vowel quantity | vowel shift | VPE | VPI | VSO language | vulgarism | Vulgar Latin

| Wallis, John | Wanderwort | wanna-contraction | Wardour Street English | weak pronoun | weak verb | weasel word | weather "it" | Webster, Noah | well-formed | Wernicke’s aphasia | West Germanic | West Saxon | wh-cleft | Whewell, William | White, Elwyn Brooks (E. B.) | Whorf, Benjamin | wh-question | widening | Witzelsucht | word | word blindness | word boundary | word class | word magic | wordmark | word salad | wordsmith | word vision | writer's cramp | Wug test | wug word

| xenoglossia | xenoglossy

| Yaska | yo-he-ho theory | Young, Thomas

| Zamenhof, Ludvic | zero | zero article | zero conditional | zero copula | zero derivation | zero-derivation nominalization | zeugma | Zipf's law

Paronomasia
Paronomasie (W3)

Linguistic Documentation
Terminological und bibliographical database

pmpkn
Bowie, David
Linguistics & English Language

• Bowie, David. 2005. “Language change over the lifespan: A test of the apparent time construct.” In Papers from NWAV 33, ed. Suzanne Evans Wagner, 45-58. Philadelphia, Penn.: University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics.
• 2001. Dialect contact and dialect change: The effect of near-mergers. In Tara Sanchez and Daniel Ezra Johnson, eds. Papers from NWAV 29. University of Pennsylvania working papers in linguistics 7(3):17-26. PDF format. The orientation of this file is a bit different than what you might expect—it only covers half the page and it's sideways. This should not affect the legibility of the paper, however.
• The effect of geographic mobility on the retention of a local dialect. PhD dissertation, Linguistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. PDF format. Note that this file is not the same as the PDF file downloadable through UMI's digital dissertation service. That file is much larger (it's nearly 6 megabytes, this one's less than 1 megabyte), and it has the copies of the signatures on the title page. On the other hand, this copy retains detail in some greyscale images that didn't reproduce well in UMI's copy, and this copy uses color in some charts where it helps clarity (as well as couple places where I couldn't figure out how to get rid of it).
• Keeping track of Pennsylvania German: A discussion of evidences found in A linguistic atlas of Pennsylvania German. Unpublished manuscript. HTML format. This is actually only a final paper for a graduate course, and therefore not the most polished thing I've ever written, but I've put it on the page in case the data is useful for anyone else.
• Voah mei daett sei deitsh: Developments in the vowel system of Pennsylvania German. In Alexis Dimitriadis, Laura Siegel, Clarissa Surek-Clark, and Alexander Williams, eds. Proceedings of the 21st Annual Penn Linguistics Colloquium. University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics 4(2):35-49. HTML format.
• Was mir wisse: A review of the literature on the languages of the Pennsylvania Germans. In Alexis Dimitriadis, Hikyoung Lee, Laura Siegel, Clarissa Surek-Clark, and Alexander Williams, eds. Current Work in Linguistics. University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics 4(3):1-18. HTML format.

Remember B.F.Skinner (W3)

sil.org
Glossary of Linguistic Terms

• A | Abessive Case | Adjunct | Alternative Question | Antithesis Relation | Ablative Case | Adposition | Alternative Relation | Antonomasia | Absolute Adjective | Adpositional Phrase | Ambiguous Consonant Sequence | Apostrophe | Absolute Social Deixis | Advanced Tongue Root | Ambiguous Phonetic Transition | Apposition | Absolute Tense | Adverb (Grammar) | Ambiguous Segment | Article | Absolute-Relative Tense | Adverb (Linguistics) | Ambiguous Sequence | Articulation Process | Absolutive Case | Adverbial Clause | Ambiguous Vowel Sequence | Ascertainment Relation | Abstract Noun | Adverbializer | Americanist System | Aspect | Accompaniment As A Semantic Role | Affix (Grammar) | Amplification Relation | Assertive Illocutionary Point | Account | Affix (Linguistics) | Analytic Definition | Assumptive Mood | Accusative Case | Affixation | Anaphora | Attraction Schema | Acoustic Phonetics | Agent As A Semantic Role | Anaphoric Clitic | Attributable Silence | Active Voice | Agglutinative Language | Anchored Entity | Attribution Relation | Actual Implicature | Agreement | Animate Class | Audience | Actual Presupposition | Alethic Modality | Antanaclasis | Auditory Evidential | Additive Relation | Alienable Noun | Antecedent | Authorized Recipient | Addressee | Allative Case | Anthimeria | Authorized Speaker | Addressee Honorific | Allegory | Anthology | Autosegmental Phonology | Adjacency Pair | Allomorph | Anticipatory Illocution | Auxesis | Adjective | Allophone | Antipassive Voice | Auxiliary Verb | |
• B | Background Relation | Biconditional Relation | Bound Root | Brand-New Entity | Balance Schema | Blockage Schema | Bound Stem | Breathy Vowel | Beginning-Postspan Relation | Blocking Circumstance | Bounded Deixis | Bystander | Benefactive Case | Bound Morpheme | Boundedness | Bystander Honorific | Beneficiary As A Semantic Role | |
• C | Cardinal Numeral | Coding Time | Conceptual Extendedness | Contrast In Identical Environments | Case | Collateral Information | Concession Relation | Contrast Relation | Cataphora | Collective Noun | Concrete Noun | Contrastive Analysis | Causal Relation | Collocate | Conditional Relation | Conventional Implicature | Causative | Comitative Case | Conjunction | Conventional Metaphor | Causative Case | Command | Conjunctive Adverb | Conventional Metonymy | Causer As A Semantic Role | Comment | Conjunctive Illocutionary Act | Conversation Analysis | Center-Periphery Schema | Commissive Illocutionary Point | Conjunctive Verb | Conversational Implicature | Centrifugal | Commissive Modality | Connective | Conversational Maxim | Centripetal | Commitment Between Illocutionary Acts | Consonant | Cooperative Principle | Cessative Aspect | Common Noun | Consonant Modification | Coordinate Clause | Chain Of Illocutionary Commitments | Complement | Constituent | Coordinating Conjunction | Circular Definition | Complement Clause | Construction | Copula | Circumfix | Complementary Distribution | Container Metaphor | Core Argument | Circumfixation | Complementizer | Containment Schema | Coreference | Classifier | Complex Illocutionary Act | Context Of An Expression | Correction Relation | Clausal Implicature | Complex Sentence | Continuant | Correlative Conjunction | Clause | Compound | Continuer | Count Noun | Clause Chain | Compound Discourse | Continuous Aspect | Counteragent As A Semantic Role | Cleft Sentence | Compound Predicate | Contoid | Counterfactual Conditional Relation | Clitic (Grammar) | Compound Sentence | Contraction Relation | Counterforce Schema | Close Future Tense | Compulsion Schema | Contrast In Analogous Environments | Cycle Schema | Closed Class | |
• D | Dative As A Semantic Role | Deixis | Development Lexical Relation | Discourse Schema | Dative Case | Delative Case | Dialogue Discourse | Dismissive Relation | Declarative Illocutionary Point | Delay | Different Subject Marker | Dispreferred Second Part | Declarative Mood | Deliberative Mood | Diphthong | Distal | Deductive Mood | Demonstrative | Direct Illocution | Distributive Aspect | Defective Illocutionary Act | Deontic Modality | Direct Object | Distributive Numeral | Defective Verb | Dependent Of A Phrase | Direct Speech | Ditransitivity | Definite Concessive Relation | Derivation | Directive Illocutionary Point | Diversion Schema | Definite Identifiability | Derivational Affix | Directive Modality | Double Stop | Definiteness | Derivative | Discontinuous Constituents | Downgrade | Definition | Description Relation | Discontinuous Morpheme | Dual Number | Deictic Center | Descriptive Text | Discourse | Dubitative Mood | Deictic Expression | Determiner | Discourse Deixis | Dummy Word | |
• E | Echo Question | Enablement Schema | Etymology | Existential Marker | Elaboration Relation | Enclitic | | Exocentric Construction | Elative Case | End-Of-Path Schema | Evaluation Information | Exophora | Elementary Illocutionary Act | Endocentric Construction | Evaluation Relation | Experiencer As A Semantic Role | Elicitation | Endophora | Event | Experiential Perfect Aspect | Elicitation Frame | Entity Metaphor | Evidence Relation | Exposed Repair | Elision | Environment | Evidentiality | Expository Discourse | Elliptical Construction | Epistemic Modality | Evoked Entity | Expository Text | Embedded Repair | Epistemic Qualification | Exclamation | Expressive Illocutionary Point | Empathetic Deixis | Equative Case | Exclamative | Extendedness | Emphasis Marker | Equative Clause | Exclusive Alternative Relation | Extension | Emphatic Additive Relation | Equilibrium Schema | Exclusive First Person Deixis | External Relation | Emphatic Alternative Relation | Equivalent | Exemplification Relation | External Relative Clause | Emphatic Pronoun | Ergative Case | Existential Clause | Extraposition | Enablement Relation | Essive Case | |
• F | Factitive As A Semantic Role | Finite Verb | Force As A Semantic Role | Free Variation | Failure Of Fit | First Part | Force Schema | Function Word | Familiarity | First Person Deixis | Formal Language | Fusional Language | Feminine Gender | Fit | Formality | Future Perfect Tense | Field Distinction | Fixed Collocation | Fortis Consonant | Future Tense | Field Notebook | Fixed Lexical Collocation | Fossilized Term | Future-In-Future Tense | Figurative Sense | Flouting Implicature | Free Morpheme | Future-In-Past Tense | Final Clause | Focus | Free Translation | Future-Perfect-In-Past Tense | Finite Clause | |
• G | Gap | Genitive Case | Gloss | Grammatical Gender | Generalized Implicature | Genre | Glottal Stop | Grammatical Relation | Generative Phonology | Gestural Usage | Glottis | Grammatical Tone | Generic Term | Given Information | Goal As A Semantic Role | Grounding | Generic-Specific Lexical Relation | Given Versus New Information | Grammatical Category | |
• H | Habitual Aspect | Hesternal Past Tense | Homophone | Hortatory Text | Head | Hierarchical Lexical Relation | Homophora | Host | Head Of A Phrase | Hodiernal Future Tense | Honorific | Human Class | Headword | Hodiernal Past Tense | Horizontal Deixis | Hyperbole | Hedged Performative | Homograph | Hortatory Discourse | Hypothetical Mood | Hesitation Pause | Homonym | |
• I | Identity Of Illocutionary Forces | Immediate Imperative Mood | Indirect Object | Instrumental Case | Ideophone | Immediate Past Tense | Indirect Speech | Intended Perlocutionary Effect | Idiom | Imperative Mood | Individual-Group Lexical Relation | Intensifier | Illative Case | Imperfective Aspect | Inessive Case | Interjection | Illocutionary Act | Impermissible Mixed Metaphors | Inferable Entity | Internal Relation | Illocutionary Conditional | Impersonal Verb | Inferior Status | Internal Relative Clause | Illocutionary Connective | Implicational Scale | Infield Distinction | Interpretation Relation | Illocutionary Consistency | Implicature | Infinitive | Interpropositional Relation | Illocutionary Denegation | Imprecative Mood | Infix | Interrogative Mood | Illocutionary Force | Inalienable Noun | Infixation | Interrogative Pro-Form | Illocutionary Force Indicating Device | Inanimate Class | Inflection | Intimate Social Deixis | Illocutionary Inconsistency | Inchoative Aspect | Inflectional Affix | Intonation | Illocutionary Point | Inclusive Alternative Relation | Inflectional Category | Intransitivity | Illocutionary Verb | Inclusive First Person Deixis | Informal Language | Irony | Illustrative Sentence | Indefinite Concessive Relation | Informativeness Principle | Irrealis Modality | Image Schema | Indefinite Pronoun | Initiative Time Latency | Irregular Verb | Immediacy | Indefiniteness | Insertion Sequence | Isolating Language | Immediate Constituent | Indirect Illocution | Instrument As A Semantic Role | Iterative Aspect | |
• J | Judgment Modality | Jussive Mood | Justification Relation | |
• K | Kinetic Distinction | |
• L | Labialization | Lexical Database | Lexical Relation With A Set Of Pairs Structure | Link Schema | Language Associate | Lexical Form | Lexical Relation With A Simple Set Structure | Literal Meaning In A Lexical Database | Lapse | Lexical Phonology | Lexical Relation With A Tree Structure | Literal Translation | Lative Case | Lexical Relation | Lexical Tone | Litotes | Length | Lexical Relation Elicitation Frame | Lexical Unit | Locative As A Semantic Role | Lenis Consonant | Lexical Relation Set | Lexical Verb | Locative Case | Lexeme | Lexical Relation With A Scale Structure | Lexicon | Logical Relation | Lexical Category | |
• M | Main Clause | Meaning | Middle Voice | Morpheme | Major Entry In A Lexical Database | Meaning And Pragmatic Function | Minimal Pair | Morpheme Type | Manner As A Semantic Role | Means-Purpose Relation | Minor Entry In A Lexical Database | Morphological Process | Manner Implicature | Means-Result Relation | Misplacement Marker | Morphological Typology | Manner Of Articulation | Measure As A Semantic Role | Mixed Metaphors | Morphology | Manner Of Discourse | Medial Clause | Mode Of Achievement | Morphophonemic Rule | Marker | Mediopassive Voice | Moderate Epistemic Qualification | Morphophonemics | Marking Clause | Meiosis | Modification | Morphosyntactic Operation | Masculine Gender | Metaphor | Modifier | Motivation Relation | Mass Noun | Metaphorical Entailment | Mood And Modality | Move | Matrix | Metonymy | Morph | Multiplicative Numeral | Matrix Sentence | Metrical Phonology | |
• N | Narrative Discourse | New Information | Nondefective Illocutionary Act | Nonvisual Evidential | Narrative Text | New Metaphor | Nonextendedness | Not-Yet Tense | Nasalization | Newsmark | Nonfinite Clause | Notional | Nasalized Vowel | Next Turn Repair Initiator | Nonfinite Verb | Noun | Natural Class | Nominal | Nonfuture Tense | Noun Adjunct | Necessity | Nominal Clause | Nonpast Tense | Noun Class | Negation | Nominalization | Nonrecent Past Tense | Noun Phrase | Negative Conditional Relation | Nominative Case | Nonremote Past Tense | Nuclear Syllable | Negative Purpose Relation | Nonconventional Implicature | Nonrestrictive Relative Clause | Number | Neuter Gender | Nonconversational Implicature | Nonspecificity | Numeral | |
• O | Object | Offprint | Open Presupposed Proposition | Other-Repair | Object Complement | Oh-Receipt | Opposite Lexical Relation | Out-Of-Field Distinction | Obligative Mood | Onomatopoeia | Optative Mood | Overall Organization | Oblique Object | Onset | Ordinal Numeral | Overlap | Obliterative Overlap | Ontological Metaphor | Orientational Metaphor | Oxymoron | Obviative Person Deixis | Open Class | Other-Initiated Repair | |
• P | Parable | Permissible Mixed Metaphors | Postpositional Phrase | Presupposition Denial | Paradigm | Permissive Mood | Potential Implicature | Presupposition Suspension | Paradigmatic Lexical Relation | Person Deixis | Potential Presupposition | Presupposition Trigger | Paradox | Personal Pronoun | Pragmatics | Preterit | Paralipsis | Personification | Preannouncement | Previousness Relation | Parataxis | Pesky Little Particle | Prearrangement | Primary Sense | Parenthesis Relation | Phone | Precategorial Class | Pro-Adjective | Paronomasia | Phoneme | Precative Mood | Pro-Adverb | Part-Whole Schema | Phonetically Similar Segment | Preclosing | Pro-Form | Participant Role | Phonetics | Predicate | Pro-Verb | Participle | Phonological Derivation | Predicate Adjective | Procedural Discourse | Particle | Phonological Hierarchy | Predicate Noun | Procedural Text | Particularized Implicature | Phonological Symmetry | Predicator | Proclitic | Partitive Case | Phonological Universal | Predictable Information | Productive Affix | Partitive Numeral | Phonology | Predictive Future Tense | Progressive Aspect | Passing Turn | Phrasal Verb | Preface | Prohibitive Mood | Passive Voice | Phrase | Preferred Second Part | Prolative Case | Past Perfect Tense | Pitch | Prefix | Pronominal | Past Tense | Place Deixis | Prefixation | Pronoun | Path | Place Of Articulation | Prehesternal Past Tense | Proper Noun | Path Schema | Plural Number | Prehodiernal Past Tense | Proportional Relation | Patient As A Semantic Role | Polarity | Preinvitation | Proposition | Perfect | Politeness | Prenasalization | Propositional Act | Perfect Of Persistent Situation | Polysynthetic Language | Preparatory Condition | Propositional Content Condition | Perfect Of Recent Past | Portmanteau Morph | Preposition | Prospective | Perfect Of Result | Position | Prepositional Phrase | Prototype | Perfective Aspect | Possessive Noun | Prerequest | Proximal | Performative | Possessive Pronoun | Present Tense | Proximal-Distal Dimension | Performative Verb | Possibility | Presequence | Proximate Person Deixis | Perlocutionary Act | Post-Hodiernal Future Tense | Prespan-End Relation | Pseudo-Cleft Sentence | Perlocutionary Failure | Post-Sequence | Presupposition | Pun | Perlocutionary Verb | Postposition | |
• Q | Quality Implicature | Quantity Implicature | Question | Quotative Evidential | Quantifier | |
• R | Range As A Semantic Role | Reference Clause | Relative Clause | Remote Past Tense | Range Of Reference | Reference Grammar | Relative Future Tense | Repair | Rank | Referent | Relative Nonfuture Tense | Repartee Discourse | Rank Lexical Relation | Referent Honorific | Relative Nonpast Tense | Restatement Relation | Ratified Participant | Referential Realm | Relative Past Tense | Restraint Removal Schema | Realis Modality | Reflexive Pronoun | Relative Present Tense | Restrictive Relative Clause | Reason-Result Relation | Reflexive Verb | Relative Pronoun | Result | Receiving Time | Reformulation | Relative Tense | Reverential Form | Recent Past Tense | Rejection Finalizer | Relativizer | Rhetorical Question | Reciprocal Pronoun | Relational Proposition | Relator | Rhotacized Vowel | Reduplication | Relational Social Deixis | Relevance Implicature | Rime | Reference | Relative Adverb | Remote Future Tense | Root | |
• S | Salient Information | Sequential Relation | Specificity | | Same Subject Marker | Serial Verb Construction | Speculative Mood | Success Of Fit | Scalar Implicature | Setting Information | Speech Act | Suffix | Scalar Property Lexical Relation | Silence | Standard Implicature | Suffixation | Scale Schema | Similar Pair | State Of The Glottis | Summary Relation | Second Part | Similarity Relation | Statement | Summons-Answer Sequence | Second Person Deixis | Simile | Stative Verb | Superessive Case | Secondary Articulation | Simple Sentence | Status | Superior Status | Secondary Sense | Simulfix | Stem | Supplemental Information In A Definition | Segment | Simultaneous Relation | Stem Modification | | Self-Initiated Repair | Sincerity Condition | Still Tense | Suprafix | Self-Repair | Singular Number | Stop | Suprasegmental | Semantic Component | Singulative | Strength Of Illocutionary Point | Switch Reference | Semantic Role | Situational Elicitation Frame | Strength Of Sincerity Conditions | Switching Pause | Semantics | Situationally Evoked Entity | Stress | Syllabic Consonant | Sense | Social Deixis | Strong Epistemic Qualification | Syllabification | Sense Group | Solidarity | Structural Metaphor | Syllable | Sense Type | Solutionhood Relation | Subentry In A Lexical Database | Syllepsis | Sensory Evidential | Sonority Scale | Subject | Symbolic Usage | Sentence | Source As A Participant Role | Subject Complement | Synecdoche | Sentence Adverb | Source As A Semantic Role | Subjunctive Mood | Synonym Lexical Relation | Sentence Elicitation Frame | Source Domain | Subordinate Clause | Syntactic Category | Sentential Complementation | Speaker | Subordinating Conjunction | Syntactic Function | Separable Affix | Specialized Figurative Text | Substance Metaphor | Syntagmatic Lexical Relation | Sequence | Specification Relation | Substantive | |
• T | Tag Question | Text Genre | Token-Reflexive Deixis | Transverse | Tag Statement | Textually Evoked Entity | Tone | Trial Number | Target | Theme | Topic | Trope | Target Domain | Thesaurus Category | Transcription | Try-Marker | Temporal Relation | Third Person Deixis | Transitive Verb | Turn | Tense | Third Turn Repair | Transitivity | Turn Location | Test Term | Time As A Semantic Role | Translational Equivalence | Twin-Pan Balance Schema | Text | Time Deixis | Translative Case | |
• U | Ultimate Constituent | Unbounded Deixis | Unratified Participant | Usage Type | Unbound Root | Universal | Unused Entity | Utterance | Unbound Stem | Unproductive Affix | Upgrade | Utterance Act | |
• V | Valency | Verbal Particle | Vocative Case | Volitive Modality | Verb (Linguistics) | Vertical Deixis | Vocoid | Vowel | Verb Phrase | Verticality Schema | Voice | Vowel Harmony | Verbal Adjective | Visual Evidential | Voiceless Vowel | Vowel Modification | Verbal Noun | |
• W | Weak Epistemic Qualification | Whole Presupposed Proposition | Word | Writing And Style Manuals | Wh-Question | Whole-Part Lexical Relation | |
• Y | Yes-No Question | |
• Z | Zero | Zero Affix | Zero Anaphora | Zero Morph |

Syllepsis, Syllepse, syllepsis semantica, syllepsis syntactica (W3)

Linguistic Documentation
Terminological und bibliographical database

Eine "Syllepse" ist eine Ellipse, bei der ein Satzteil anderen in Person, Numerus oder Genus verschiedenen Satzteilen zugeordnet wird (z.B. ich gehe meinen Weg, ihr den eurigen).

syr
Linguistics-Sites for Students
Mary D. Taffet

translationdirectory
Linguists Of The Year

The Inttranet ™ nominees as Linguists of the Year for 2004 were:

• Ahmed Al Alhabi
• Betty Cohen
• David Crystal
• Dr. Ehab Abdelrahim M. Ali
• Erich Jarvis
• Eva Aariak
• Imam Abdul-Munim Younis
• John Peabody Harrington
• Kim Sun-il
• Mohammed al-Joundi
• Natalia Dymytryk
• Noam Chomsky
• Sibel Edmonds

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans États-Unis
Langues dans États-Unis

(anglais)

Uni Laval
Histoire sociolinguistique des États-Unis

Cette «Histoire sociolinguistique des États-Unis» se veut avant tout d'ordre démolinguistique et sociologique plutôt que politique. Elle ne prétend donc pas résumer toute l'histoire politique et économique fort complexe de ce grand pays. Il a semblé préférable de nous en tenir aux principaux faits qui ont eu des incidences sur les plans linguistique et social: la provenance des premiers colons, l'expansion territoriale, certains grands événements politiques et sociaux tels la Révolution américaine, l'avènement de l'industrialisation et de la diversité culturelle, la mondialisation et le statut de superpuissance.

Plan d'ensemble

1) Les premiers habitants : les autochtones

• - L'hypothèse des origines
• - Les peuples autochtones
• - Les langues des peuples autochtones

2) La colonisation européenne (XVIe - XVIIIe siècles)

• - La colonisation espagnole
• - La colonisation française
• - La colonisation anglaise
• - La colonisation hollandaise
• - La langue anglaise et son adaptation en Amérique
• - Le problème indien
• - L'importation des esclaves

3) La révolution américaine (1776-1783)

• - Le renforcement du pouvoir britannique (1763-1776)
• - La révolution américaine (1776-1783)
• - La Constitution américaine de 1787 et la question linguistique

4) L'expansion territoriale (1803-1867)

• - L'achat de la Louisiane
• - La conquête du Nord-Ouest
• - La Floride
• - La conquête du Sud-Ouest
• - L'éviction des Indiens
• - Les conséquences linguistiques de l'expansionnisme

5) L'Amérique anglocentrique (1790-1865)

• - La supériorité de la race blanche anglo-saxonne
• - Les exclus: les Noirs, les Indiens et les Chicanos
• - La campagne abolitionniste
• - La guerre de Sécession (1861-1865)
• - La défaite du Sud et la discrimination raciale

6) L'Amérique eurocentrique (1865-1960)

• - Le «melting pot»
• - L'expansion économique et démographique
• - La politique impérialiste
• - Le New Deal

7) L'Amérique multiculturelle (1960 jusqu'à nos jours)

• - L'immigration et les minorités
• - La politique de déségrégation
• - Les lois sur l'éducation bilingue
• - Les droits linguistiques des Amérindiens
• - Les réformes en éducation
• - La diversité culturelle
• - Les attitudes des Américains face à l'immigration

8 ) La superpuissance et l'expansion de l'anglais

• - La planète comme excroissance des États-Unis
• - Les critères de la superpuissance
• - Le XXIe siècle sera-t-il anglo-américain?

Les États-Unis d'Amérique

• (1) Les États-Unis d'Amérique: situation générale
• (2) La politique linguistique fédérale
• (3) Les États américains: présentation générale
• (4) Liste des États disponibles (5) Bibliographie

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans Alabama
Langues dans Alabama

(anglais) = USA

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans Alaska
Langues dans Alaska

(anglais) = USA

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans Arizona
Langues dans Arizona

(anglais) = USA

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans Arkansas
Langues dans Arkansas

(anglais) = USA

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans Californie
Langues dans Californie

(anglais) = USA

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans Caroline du Nord
Langues dans Caroline du Nord

(anglais) = USA

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans Colorado
Langues dans Colorado

(anglais) = USA

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans Connecticut
Langues dans Connecticut

(anglais) = USA

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans Dakota du Nord
Langues dans Dakota du Nord

(anglais) = USA

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans Dakota du Sud
Langues dans Dakota du Sud

(anglais) = USA

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans Delaware
Langues dans Delaware

(anglais) = USA

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans Floride
Langues dans Floride

(anglais) = USA

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans Géorgie
Langues dans Géorgie

(anglais) = USA

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans Hawaï
Langues dans Hawaï

(anglais-hawaïen) = USA

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans Idaho
Langues dans Idaho

(anglais) = USA

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans Illinois
Langues dans Illinois

(anglais) = USA

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans Indiana
Langues dans Indiana

(anglais) = USA

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans Iowa
Langues dans Iowa

(anglais) = USA

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans Kansas
Langues dans Kansas

(anglais) = USA

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans Kentucky
Langues dans Kentucky

(anglais) = USA

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans Louisiane
Langues dans Louisiane

(anglais) = USA

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans Maine
Langues dans Maine

(anglais) = USA

Histoire des Acadiens

• 1 La colonie française de l'Acadie (1604-1755)
• 2 La Nouvelle Acadie (1755 - aujourd'hui)
• 3 Évolution des établissements acadiens (cartes 1605-2000)
• 4 Bibliographie

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans Maryland
Langues dans Maryland

(anglais) = USA

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans Massachusetts
Langues dans Massachusetts

(anglais) = USA

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans Michigan
Langues dans Michigan

(anglais) = USA

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans Minnesota
Langues dans Minnesota

(anglais) = USA

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans Mississippi
Langues dans Mississippi

(anglais) = USA

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans Missouri
Langues dans Missouri

(anglais) = USA

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans Montana
Langues dans Montana

(anglais) = USA

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans Nebraska
Langues dans Nebraska

(anglais) = USA

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans Nevada
Langues dans Nevada

(anglais)

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans New Hampshire
Langues dans New Hampshire

(anglais) = USA

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans New York
Langues dans New York

(anglais) = USA

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans New Jersey
Langues dans New Jersey

(anglais) = USA

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans Nouveau-Mexique
Langues dans Nouveau-Mexique

• Capitale: Santa Fe
• Population: 1,8 million (2000)
• Langue officielle: anglais (de facto)
• Groupe majoritaire: anglais (64,5 %)
• Groupes minoritaires: espagnol (28,7 %), navajo (4 %) et autres langues autochtones (1,5 %), allemand (0,4 %), français (0,2 %), chinois (0,1 %), vietnamien (0,1 %), italien (1 %), etc.
• Système politique: État de l'Union américaine (USA)
• Articles constitutionnels (langue): art. 12 (sect. 1 à 15) de la Constitution de 1911 modifiée au 8 novembre 1994
• Lois linguistiques: dans les New Mexico Statutes and Court Rules Unannotated, plusieurs lois à incidence linguistique, notamment la langue des communications dans les hôpitaux, les prisons, les services administratifs, les cours de justice, etc.

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans Ohio
Langues dans Ohio

(anglais) = USA

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans Oklahoma
Langues dans Oklahoma

(anglais) = USA

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans Oregon
Langues dans Oregon

(anglais) = USA

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans Pennsylvanie
Langues dans Pennsylvanie

(anglais) = USA

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans Rhode Island
Langues dans Rhode Island

(anglais) = USA

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans Tennessee
Langues dans Tennessee

(anglais) = USA

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans Texas
Langues dans Texas

(anglais) = USA

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans Utah
Langues dans Utah

(anglais) = USA

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans Vermont
Langues dans Vermont

(anglais) = USA

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans Virginie
Langues dans Virginie

(anglais) = USA

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans Virginie occidentale
Langues dans Virginie occidentale

(anglais) = USA

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans Washington
Langues dans Washington

(anglais) = USA

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans Wisconsin
Langues dans Wisconsin

(anglais) = USA

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans Wyoming
Langues dans Wyoming

(anglais) = USA

Uni Stanford
Zwicky, Arnold M.
Sadock, Jerrold M.
Ambiguity Tests and how to fail them

wolframalpha
Words & Linguistics

Document Length

• do document length calculations 500 pages
• specify a language 35,000 words in Finnish

Transliterations

• transliterate a word or phrase into Greek letters Greek for "Pythagoras"

Morse Code

• translate a string into Morse code Morse code "Wolfram Alpha"
• translate from Morse code Morse code - . .-.. . --. .-. .- .--. ....

Soundex

• compute the Soundex code for a word or name Soundex Wolfram
• find words with a given Soundex code Soundex code A626

wolframalpha
Writing

Writing

• do document length calculations 70,000 words
• specify a language 35,000 words in Finnish

word sense disambiguation (W3)

In computational linguistics, "word sense disambiguation" (WSD) is the problem of determining in which sense a word having a number of distinct senses is used in a given sentence. For example, consider the word "bass", two distinct senses of which are:

• a type of fish
• tones of low frequency

and the sentences "The bass part of the song is very moving" and "I went fishing for some sea bass". To a human it is obvious the first sentence is using the word "bass" in sense 2 above, and in the second sentence it is being used in sense 1. But although this seems obvious to a human, developing algorithms to replicate this human ability is a difficult task.

Computational Linguistics is a subfield of Linguistics in which logical modeling of natural language from a computational perspective is central. This modeling is not limited to a particular field of linguistics. It is quite an interdisciplinary field, drawing the involvement of linguists, computer scientists, experts in "artificial intelligence", cognitive psychologists and logicians, amongst others.

...

Special kinds of words

• Dictionary Eodermdromes, Ross Eckler, 1980
• Pair and Trio Isograms, Jeff Grant, 1982
• Undominated Alphabetic Sequences, Ross Eckler, 1982
• The Mathematics of Words, Ross Eckler, 1983
• Three Miraculous Solutions, Dmitri Borgmann, 1985
• The Biggest Hoax, Chris Cole, 1989
• Letter-Shift Words in the OSPD, Leonard Gordon, 1990
• Oxymoronology, Richard Lederer, 1990
• Naming the Schwarzkopf Baby, Ross Eckler, 1991
• Subdermatoglyphic: A New Isogram, Edward R. Wolpow, 1991
• The Ugliest Words in English, Ross Eckler, 1992
• Alphabetical Patterns, Ross Eckler, 1993
• Splendid Symbolism, Hugo B. Corstius, 1996
• Queen's Move Graphing, Ross Eckler, 1996
• Zzyzx, Ross Eckler, 1996
• Ghost Words, Murray Pearce, 1986
• AEIOU: A Thirty-Year Quest, Susan Thorpe, 1999
• Knotted Word Worms, Mike Keith, 2001

Sets of words

• A Modified Ten-Square, Jeff Grant, 2002
• Word Groups, Ross Eckler, 1977
• Alphabet Rings of Trigrams, Ross Eckler, 1977
• Prosodic Resonance, F. Juniper, 1977
• Pan-Crashing Word Sets, Ross Eckler, 1982
• Renaming the Months, Ross Eckler, 1985
• Websterian Synonym Chains, Ross Eckler, 1988
• Two New Transdeletion Pyramids, Ross Eckler, 1988
• A Maximal Spanning Tree, Ross Eckler, 1994
• Goose Thighs Rehashed, Christopher McManus, 1994
• More Nice N-Isograms, Eric Chaikin, 1998
• Every Word-Pair In This Set Has One Crash, Ross Eckler, 2000
• Labeling A List With Unique Identifiers, Ross Eckler, 2000

Word squares and other configurations

• Single and Double Transposal Squares, Ross Eckler, 1980
• The First Double and Triple Acrostics?, Ross Eckler, 1986
• In Search of the Ten-Square, Jeff Grant, 1990
• The Best 9x9 Square Yet, Eric Albert, 1991
• Mathematics of Square Construction, Chris Long, 1993
• Word Worms, Ross Eckler, 1993
• Tiling The Dodecahedron, Leonard Gordon, 1998
• A New Kind of Transposal Square, Ross Eckler, 1999
• Knight's-Tour Letter Squares, Mike Keith, 1999

Words and numbers

• Lucky Nines, Faith Eckler, 1979
• Alphabetizing the Integers, Ross Eckler, 1981
• Telephomnemonics, Ross Eckler, 1981
• 38 Self-Descriptive Number Names, Ross Eckler, 1990
• Answering the Sallows Challenge, Ross Eckler and Leonard Gordon, 1990
• A Remarkable Revelation, Ross Eckler and Darryl Francis, 1995
• The Alphabet Race, Ross Eckler, 1999
• Packing the Cardinals, Ross Eckler, 1999

Palindromes

• The Evolution of a Palindrome, Dmitri Borgmann, 1970
• Oh, Cello Full of Echoes!, Herbert Pfeiffer, 1992
• New Word Palindromes, Will Shortz, 1997
• Who First Found the Panama Palindrome?, James Puder, 1999

Anagrams

• Crazy California, Ross Eckler, 1975
• Celebrity One-Word Anagrams, Mike Keith, 2000

Pangrams

• The Syndrome, Ross Eckler, 1990
• The Pangrammatic Highway, Udo Pernisz, 1988
• Revisiting the Pangrammatic Highway, Faith Eckler, 1990
• In Quest of a Pangram, Lee Sallows, 1992
• The Pangram Film Festival Revisited, Richard Sabey, 2000

Special modes of writing

• Come Wade, Dear Maid, Cynthia Knight, 1984
• Who Says A must say B?, Hugo Corstius, 1985
• Are Acrostic Messages Real?, Ross Eckler, 1985
• All End-Letters Different in a Poem, Willard Espy, 1986
• Four Byte Word Text News, John Henrick, 1986
• Ann Owed, Hugh Denham, 1992
• The Panalphabetic Window, Howard Bergerson, 1980
• A Type of Crypt, Faith Eckler, 1989
• Sending Messages by Telephone, Ross Eckler, 1995
• Supersentences, Richard Lederer, 1980
• Hey, Dog - Run (No Sweat!), Doug Nufer, 1997
• When There's A Will, Ross Eckler, 1996
• The Postal Union, Ross Eckler, 1997
• Anguish Languish, Ross Eckler, 1997
• Lipograms and Other Constraints, Ross Eckler, 1997
• Dual Cryptograms, M. Douglas McIlroy, 1997
• Elemental, My Dear Watson, Ross Eckler, 1999
• Mizmaze: the Labyrinth of Language, Dave Morice, 2000

Miscellany

• The Francis Xavier O'Brien Problem, Ross Eckler, 1968
• Early American Word Puzzles, Will Shortz, 1973-74
• Nixon and the Bee, Ross Eckler, 1976
• Gamenung Mid Wordum, Paul Remley, 1977
• Shakespearean Crosswords, Brian Head, 1979
• An Early French Book of Wordplay, Will Shortz, 1979
• The Word Tree, Ross Eckler, 1984
• Refractory Rhyme, Chris Cole, 1990
• Scrabble in Nursery Rhyme, John Holgate, 1990
• The World's Worst Dictionary, Christopher McManus, 1995
• Word Trees in Running Text, Ross Eckler. 1999
• Common Placenames, Dan Tilque, 2001

wordpress.com - Lit
Literal-Minded
Linguistic commentary from a guy who takes things too literally

Linguistic commentary from a guy who takes things too literally

wordways.com
Word Ways: The Journal of Recreational Linguistics

For nearly forty years, Word Ways has explored the many facets of logology (an old word resurrected by the late Dmitri Borgmann to describe recreational linguistics). Dmitri wrote the classic book on this topic -- Language on Vacation (Scribner's, 1965), now out of print -- and was the first Word Ways editor in 1968.

Word Ways is published in an 80-page format four times a year (February, May, August, November). The journal is currently edited by Jeremiah Farrell.

wyzant.com
Etymology

Most vocabulary words are derived from Latin or Greek etymologies. Here you will find access to phobias (fears, terrors, dreads), manias, and many other words listed in thematic units of English vocabulary words.

Why learn about word origins or etymologies?

The etymology of a word traces its existence and development throughout history and usually through multiple languages. Simply put, etymology can be seen as the study of word origins. You can study word origins to gain a better understanding of language in general. When you know the meaning of a Latin or Greek root, prefix, or suffix, you can better understand, and more easily remember, all of the vocabulary words built on this Latin or Greek element that exist in English words. Knowing etymologies will also help you decipher the meanings of newly encountered words.

Learn one root and you have the key that will unlock the meanings of up to ten, twenty, or even hundreds of English words in which that Latin and/or Greek element (prefix, root, and suffix) appears; for example, learn "ego" (from Latin, meaning "I") and you will immediately have a grasp of the meanings of "egocentric", "egomaniac", "egoist", "egotist", and "alter ego", all of which will expand your vocabulary.

Again, learn "anthropos" (from Greek, meaning "mankind") and you will quickly understand "anthropology", "misanthropy", "anthropoid", "anthropocentric", "anthropomorphic", "anthropophobia", and "philanthropy". Meet any word with "-anthropo-" in it and you will have at least some idea of its meaning when presented in a vocabulary list.

In the etymological approach to building vocabulary words:

• You will learn about Latin and Greek prefixes, roots, and suffixes.
• You will be able to figure out unfamiliar English words by recognizing their etymological structure, the building blocks from which they are constructed.
• You will be able to construct many English words correctly by learning to put these building blocks together in the proper way.
• You will develop a keen interest in English words.
• You will obtain a greater insight to language as you explore Latin and Greek words and appreciate and experience the wonder of these words.
• You will acquire many new words and remember them much longer than you can by just learning unrelated word lists.
• If you are preparing for an examination in which questions about English vocabulary words are a significant part of your score, you will find that learning the etymologies of words is a much better way to learn most of the English words you will encounter.

Learn how to deal with etymologies of English words and you will feel comfortable with such words — you will use new words with self-assurance, you will be able to figure out the meanings of the English vocabulary words you hear or read, even if you have never heard or seen these words before.

That is why the best approach to learning new vocabulary words is through their etymologies. You can discover this for yourself, as soon as you start to work with the lists of Latin and Greek Cross References available for your use on this website.

Etymology Index

If you really want to have a better understanding of some well-known words that you think you know and some important, but not so commonly known words, take the time to read and experience the wonder of each of the words shown in the lists below. We live in an age of constant oral and written expressions. In a time when our knowledge is increasing with breathless speed, particularly in specialized areas, it is important that we understand each other by having a better comprehension of some “old” words, “new” words, most of which are “borrowed”, but always with every possible effort to present the “true” origins and current usages of those words. This is what Words for Our Modern Age is all about.

English-Latin-Greek Cross References - Completed lists of word units.

• "Achilles Heel": Greek hero who was invincible--except for part of his heel.
• "Anesthesia": Induced loss of sensation or feeling.
• "Arena": Entertainment structure.
• "Auspicious": Favorable, unfavorable.
• "Bankrupt": Unable to pay what one owes.
• "Bariatrics": Medical field dealing with control of obesity.
• "Berserk": Suddenly violently wild or crazy.
• "Biometrics": Use of one's anatomy for identification purposes.
• "Blog": A sort of online journal.
• "Calendar": Record of days, months, and years.
• "Capnomania": The urge to smoke.
• "Capnophobia": The fear of smoking.
• "Dictionaries": A reference book containing definitions of words.
• "Dinosaur": Prehistoric lizards.
• "Dismal": Bleak or gloomy.
• "Epitaph": Brief writing or poem about the dead.
• "Filibuster": A hindrance, especially in politics.
• "Jet": Thrust and propulsion.
• "Kleptomania": Uncontrollable urge to steal.
• "Malapropism": Ridiculous misuse of words.
• "Mnemonics": Memorizing techniques that work.
• "Mosquitoes": Pesky blood-consuming bug.
• "Narcolepsy": Uncontrollable sleep anytime, anywhere.
• "Obesity": Condition of being overweight.
• "Phobia": Fear of rain, railroads, and more!
• "Planets": Venus, Earth, Mars, and more!
• "Polygamy": Being married to more than one person at a time.
• "Portmanteau": A blend of several things.
• "Robot": A machine programmed to do tasks when commanded.
• "Sandwich": Putting meat, cheese, and/or vegetables between two pieces of bread.
• "Sesquipedalian": A long word for "long."
• "Stalactite": Deposits of calcium carbonate.
• "Steganography": Hiding a secret message in a larger message.
• "Symbiosis": Beneficial interdependency.
• "Tribology": Study of the effects of friction on moving objects.

Zipf'sches Gesetz (W2)

Untersuchungen zu demographischen Gleichgewichtsverteilungen nach dem Zipfschen Gesetz von Wolfgang und Joachim Gerß

...
Zu den Modellen, die besondere Aufmerksamkeit erregten, gehört das sog. "Zipfsche Gesetz". Dr. "George Kingsley Zipf" war Professor für Linguistik an der Harvard University in Cambridge/Mass. ... im Jahr 1949 erschienenen Hauptwerk ... In diesem auf einigen früheren Arbeiten aufbauenden 573 Seiten starken Band stellte Zipf umfassend und detailliert sein - von ihm selbst nicht so bezeichnetes - "Gesetz" und dessen vielfältige Anwendungsmöglichkeiten dar. Er ging dabei von quantitativen Untersuchungen der Struktur von Sprachen aus - Zipf wird daher als "Vater der statistischen Linguistik" (Alexejew, Kalinin und Piotrowski 1973, S.10) angesehen - und verallgemeinerte seine Aussagen dann auf biologische, soziologische und ökonomische Fragestellungen.
...
In der Linguistik - Zipfs eigenem Forschungsgebiet - treten alle Elemente seines Gesetzes besonders deutlich in Erscheinung. Die Entstehung und Fortentwicklung der Sprache war in der Frühzeit des homo sapiens (oder bereits seiner Vorfahren) mit außerordentlich großem geistigen Input verbunden; dasselbe gilt für das Sprechenlernen eines Kleinkindes. Daher ist es nahe liegend, der Sprachbildung das Prinzip der geringsten Anstrengung zugrunde zu legen.
...
Außerhalb der Linguistik hat das Zipfsche Gesetz am häufigsten zur Darstellung und Analyse der Verteilung der Bevölkerung eines Landes auf Siedlungen verschiedener Größe Anwendung gefunden.
...

zompist.com
Linguistics

Linguistics

• sci.lang FAQ Frequently asked questions about linguistics
• The numbers 1 to 10 in over 5000 languages.
• Deriving Proto-World with tools you probably have at home. And whether you should bother.
• How likely are chance resemblances between languages? - Quite likely, really. A statistical investigation.
• Proto-World and the Language Instinct Two dubious ideas that work dubiously together
• Hau to pranounse Inglish: The real rules of English spelling
• Writing English Chinese-style English spelling is such a pain-- why not use logograms instead?
• When do people learn languages? And how to make them learn yours

Language Construction

• The Language Construction Kit
• The Sound Change Applier: A program to apply a set of sound changes to a lexicon
• Hergé's Syldavian: a grammar

Particular Languages

• Amerindian words in English
• Arabic words in English
• English words from Chinese
• English words from India
• Hiragana flashcards: Gotta learn 'em all!

Harley, Heidi
English Words: A Linguistic Introduction

ISBN: 978-0-631-23032-8
320 pages
April 2006, ©2006, Wiley-Blackwell

English Words is a comprehensive and accessible introduction to the study of English words from a theoretically informed linguistic perspective.

• accessibly written to give students a command of basic theory, skills in analyzing English words, and the foundation needed for more advanced study in linguistic theory or lexicology
• covers basic introductory material and investigates the structure of English vocabulary
• introduces students to the technical study of words from relevant areas of linguistics: phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, historical linguistics and psycholinguistics

Table of Contents

• Preface.
• Acknowledgments.
• IPA Transcription Key.
• 1. What is a word?.
• 1.1 Explaining word in words.
• 1.2 Language is a secret decoder ring.
• 1.3 Wordhood: the whole kit and caboodle.
• 1.4 Two kinds of words.
• 1.5 The anatomy of a listeme.
• 1.6 What don’t you have to learn when you’re learning a word?.
• 1.7 A scientific approach to language.
• 2. Sound and fury: English phonology.
• 2.1 English spelling and English pronunciation.
• 2.2 The voice box.
• 2.3 The building blocks of words I: Consonants in the IPA.
• 2.4 Building blocks II: Vowels and the IPA.
• 2.5 Families of sounds and Grimm’s law: a case in point.
• 3. Phonological words: Calling all Scrabble players!.
• 3.1 Guessing at words: The Scrabble problem.
• 3.2 Building Blocks III: The Syllable.
• 3.3 Phonotactic restrictions on English syllables.
• 3.4 From a stream of sound into words: Speech perception.
• 3.5 Syllables, rhythm, and stress.
• 3.6 Using stress to parse the speech stream into words.
• 3.7 Misparsing the speech stream, mondegreens and allophones.
• 3.8 Allophony.
• 3.9 What we know about phonological words.
• 4. Where do words come from?.
• 4.1 Getting new listemes.
• 4.2 When do we have a new word?.
• 4.3 New words by ‘mistake’: back-formations and folk etymologies.
• 4.4 New words by economizing: clippings.
• 4.5 Extreme economizing: acronyms and abbreviations.
• 4.6 Building new words by putting listemes together: affixation and compounding.
• 4.7 Compounding clips and mixing it up: Blends.
• 4.8 New listemes via meaning change.
• 4.9 But are these words really new?.
• 5. Pre- and suf-fix-es: Engl-ish Morph-o-log-y.
• 5.1 Listemes.
• 5.2 Making up words.
• 5.3 Affixal syntax: Who’s my neighbor?, Part I.
• 5.4 Affixal phonology: Who’s my neighbor? Part II.
• 5.5 Allomorphy.
• 5.6 Closed-class and open-class morphemes: Reprise.
• 6. Morphological idiosyncrasies.
• 6.1 Different listemes, same meaning! Irregular suffixes.
• 6.2 Root irregulars.
• 6.3 Linguistic paleontology: fossils of older forms.
• 6.4 Why some but not others?.
• 6.5 How do kids figure it out?.
• 6.6 Representing complex suffixal restrictions.
• 6.7 Keeping Irregulars: Semantic clues to morphological classes.
• 6.8 Irregulars III: Suppletion.
• 6.9 Keeping Irregulars: Producing words on the fly.
• 6.10 Productivity, blocking and Bushisms.
• 7. Lexical semantics: The structure of meaning, the meaning of structure.
• 7.1 Function meaning vs. Content meaning.
• 7.2 Entailment.
• 7.3 Function words and their meanings.
• 7.4 Content words and their meanings.
• 7.5 Relationships and Argument Structure: Meaning and grammar.
• 7.6 Argument Structure.
• 7.7 Derivational morphology and argument structure.
• 7.8 Subtleties of argument structure.
• 7.9 Function vs. content meanings: the showdown.
• 7.10 How do we learn all that?.
• 8. Children learning words.
• 8.1 How do children learn the meanings of words?.
• 8.2 Learning words for middle-sized observables.
• 8.3 When the basics fail.
• 8.4 Morphological and syntactic clues.
• 8.5 Learning words for non-observables.
• 8.6 Syntactic frames, theta roles and event structure.
• 8.7 Agent-Patient Protoroles.
• 8.8 Functional listemes interacting with content listemes.
• 8.9 Simple co-occurrence? Or actual composition?.
• 8.10 Yes, but where do the words come from in the first place?.
• 9. Accidents of history: English in flux.
• 9.1 Linguistic change, and lots of it.
• 9.2 Layers of vocabulary and accidents of history.
• 9.3 A brief history of England, as relevant to the English vocabulary.
• 9.4 55 B.C. to 600 A.D. : How the English came to England.
• 9.5 600-900 A.D. The English and the Vikings.
• 9.6 1066-1200: Norman Rule.
• 9.7 1200-1450: Anglicization of the Normans.
• 9.8 1450-1600 The English Renaissance.
• 9.9 1600 -1750: Restoration, Expansion.
• 9.10 1750-modern day.
• 9.11 The rise of prescriptivism: How to really speak good.
• 9.12 English orthography: The Roman alphabet, the quill pen, the printing press and the Great Vowel Shift.
• 9.13 Summary.
• List of Works Consulted.
• Glossary.
• Words Consulted.
• Index.

Heidi Harley is Associate Professor in the Department of Linguistics at the University of Arizona. She specializes in lexical semantics and morphology, and has published in a wide variety of books and journals, including Linguistic Inquiry, Language, and American Speech.

Hock, Hans Henrich
Joseph, Brian D. (Autoren)
Language History, Language Change, and Language Relationship

Kurzbeschreibung
Diese Einführung in die faszinierende Thematik von Sprachwandel und -verwandschaft betrachtet nicht allein den historischen Wandel von Sprachen, sondern zeigt zugleich, wie unser Verständnis von Sprachwandel es erlaubt, das Schicksal sowohl einzelner Worte als auch ganzer Sprachen in ihrer Geschichte nachzuzeichnen; wie sich erklären läßt, daß so verschiedene Sprachen wie Englisch, Deutsch, Latein oder auch Hindi und Bengali miteinander verwandt sind; oder ob es möglich ist, einen Nachweis für die Verwandtschaft aller Sprachen zu erbringen.

Das Buch richtet sich an Leser ohne linguistische Vorkenntnisse und enthält eine Vielzahl von veranschaulichenden Beispielen aus bekannten wie exotischen Sprachen.

Über den Autor
Hans Henrich Hock, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA; Brian D. Joseph, Ohio State University, USA.

Produktinfo
Why does language change? Why can we speak to and understand our parents but have trouble reading Shakespeare? Why is Chaucer's English of the fourteenth century so different from Modern English of the late twentieth century that the two are essentially different languages? Why are Americans and English "one people divided by a common language"? And how can the language of Chaucer and Modern English - or Modern British and American English - still be called the same language? The present book provides answers to questions like these in a straightforward way, aimed at the non-specialist, with ample illustrations from both familiar and more exotic languages.

Most chapters in this new edition have been reworked, with some difficult passages removed, other passages thoroughly rewritten, and several new sections added, e.g. on language and race and on Indian writing systems. Further, the chapter notes and bibliography have all been updated.

The content is engaging, focusing on topics and issues that spark student interest. Its goals are broadly pedagogical and the level and presentation are appropriate for interested beginners with little or no background in linguistics. The language coverage for examples goes well beyond what is usual for books of this kind, with a considerable amount of data from various languages of India.

Jacobson, I. Jacobson
Linguistics and Philosophy

Editor-in-Chief: Pauline I. Jacobson
ISSN: 0165-0157 (print version)
ISSN: 1573-0549 (electronic version)
Journal no. 10988
Springer Netherlands
Online version available

Description
Linguistics and Philosophy focuses on issues related to structure and meaning in natural language, as addressed in the philosophy of language, linguistic semantics, syntax and related disciplines, in particular the following areas:

• philosophical theories of meaning and truth, reference, description, entailment, presupposition, implicatures, context-dependence, and speech acts
• linguistic theories of semantic interpretation in relation to syntactic structure and prosody, of discourse structure, lexcial semantics and semantic change
• psycholinguistic theories of semantic interpretation and issues of the processing and acquisition of natural language, and the relation of semantic interpretation to other cognitive faculties
• mathematical and logical properties of natural language and general aspects of computational linguistics
• philosophical questions raised by linguistics as a science.

It publishes articles, replies, book reviews and review articles.

McWhorter, John - LSaC
Linguistic Simplicity and Complexity
Why Do Languages Undress?

Reihe: Language Contact and Bilingualism [LCB] 1
DE GRUYTER MOUTON

Posts by John McWhorter:

On American r-lessness

June 11, 2015 @ 8:56 am· Filed by John McWhorter under Sociolinguistics

James Fallows has been superintending an interesting discussion at the Atlantic about how strange early twentieth century American announcers sound to us today (There are five articles in the series so far, listed with links here). The comments on his articles suggest that we need make certain distinctions.

Read the rest of this entry »

John McWhorter responds

January 29, 2015 @ 12:48 pm· Filed by John McWhorter under Linguistic history

Some clarifications about my Wall Street Journal article, which seems to have led to some misunderstandings among Language Log’s readers (as well as over at Languagehat). Since the readers here are the most well-informed audience that piece will ever reach outside of professional linguists, I thought it’d be useful to clarify what I based the observations in that piece on.

Read the rest of this entry »

What did Joe Louis have to tell us about Tina Fey?

December 10, 2008 @ 3:02 am· Filed by John McWhorter under Language and the media, Variation

Watching the new DVD release of the patriotic World War II musical This is the Army recently, when listening to champion boxer Joe Louis in a cameo delivering his one line, I found myself thinking of, of all people, Tina Fey.

Specifically, what came to mind was her movie of earlier this year, Baby Mama, whose title was one of assorted indications of late that baby mama, the black American inner-city term referring to a woman one has had children with but is not married to, has become mainstream. Further evidence was when Fox News used the term in a teaser graphic last summer in reference to Michelle Obama ("Outraged liberals: stop picking on Obama’s baby mama"). Graceless, but in its assumption that viewers were familiar with the term, indicative.

Hunt up the derivation of the term these days and even the OED has fallen for a tasty but mistaken idea that the source is Jamaican Creole ("patois"), in which there is a term "baby-mother". However, the chance that a random locution from Jamaican Creole becomes common coin across all of black America is small—a fluent speaker of Black English could go several years without uttering a single word born in Jamaican Creole. Plus, usually the Jamaican term doesn’t really mean what baby mama does, referring more generally to a pregnant woman.

Read the rest of this entry »

• Fwd: McWhorter interview Ronald Butters
• Fwd: McWhorter interview Laurence Horn
• Fwd: McWhorter interview Jonathan Lighter
• McWhorter interview Paul Frank
• McWhorter interview Wilson Gray
• McWhorter interview Jonathan Lighter
• McWhorter interview Jonathan Lighter
• McWhorter interview Paul Frank

• :-) mostly -- McWhorter on "standard English" Joel S. Berson
• :-) mostly -- McWhorter on "standard English" Jonathan Lighter
• :-) mostly -- McWhorter on "standard English" Gordon, Matthew J.
• :-) mostly -- McWhorter on "standard English" Robin Hamilton
• :-) mostly -- McWhorter on "standard English" Amy West
• :-) mostly -- McWhorter on "standard English" Amy West
• :-) mostly -- McWhorter on "standard English" Judy Prince
• :-) mostly -- McWhorter on "standard English" Robin Hamilton
• :-) mostly -- McWhorter on "standard English" Jonathan Lighter
• :-) mostly -- McWhorter on "standard English" Paul Johnston
• :-) mostly -- McWhorter on "standard English" Robin Hamilton
• :-) mostly -- McWhorter on "standard English" Tom Zurinskas
• :-) mostly -- McWhorter on "standard English" Robin Hamilton
• :-) mostly -- McWhorter on "standard English" Laurence Horn
• :-) mostly -- McWhorter on "standard English" Laurence Horn
• :-) mostly -- McWhorter on "standard English" Jonathan Lighter
• :-) mostly -- McWhorter on "standard English" Herb Stahlke
• :-) mostly -- McWhorter on "standard English" Jonathan Lighter
• :-) mostly -- McWhorter on "standard English" Herb Stahlke
• :-) mostly -- McWhorter on "standard English" Jonathan Lighter
• :-) mostly -- McWhorter on "standard English" Tom Zurinskas
• :-) mostly -- McWhorter on "standard English" Laurence Horn
• :-) mostly -- McWhorter on "standard English" Robin Hamilton
• :-) mostly -- McWhorter on "standard English" Amy West
• :-) mostly -- McWhorter on "standard English" Robin Hamilton
• :-) mostly -- McWhorter on "standard English" Tom Zurinskas
• McWhorter's _Our Magnificent Bastard Tongue_ Neal Whitman
• McWhorter's _Our Magnificent Bastard Tongue_ Neal Whitman
• McWhorter's _Our Magnificent Bastard Tongue_ Re: meaningless-do from Welsh and medieval English military history Amy West
• McWhorter on "cast the mote" Joel S. Berson
• McWhorter on "cast the mote" Herb Stahlke
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] Joel S. Berson
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] Wilson Gray
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] Judy Prince
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] Tom Zurinskas
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] Salikoko Mufwene
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] David A. Daniel
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] Joel S. Berson
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] Robin Hamilton
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] Jonathan Lighter
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] Judy Prince
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] Robin Hamilton
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] Robin Hamilton
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] Laurence Horn
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] Joel S. Berson
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] Salikoko Mufwene
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] Mark Mandel
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] Judy Prince
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] Tom Zurinskas
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] Jonathan Lighter
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] Judy Prince
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] Bill Palmer
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] Jonathan Lighter
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] Victor Steinbok
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] Jonathan Lighter
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] Robin Hamilton
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] Victor Steinbok
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] Joel S. Berson
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] Jonathan Lighter
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] Tom Zurinskas
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] Jonathan Lighter
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] Margaret Lee
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] David A. Daniel
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] Tom Zurinskas
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] Jonathan Lighter
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] Seán Fitzpatrick
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] Charles Doyle
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] Ann Burlingham
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] Joel S. Berson
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] Joel S. Berson
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] Ann Burlingham
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] (UNCLASSIFIED) Mullins, Bill AMRDEC
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] (UNCLASSIFIED) Tom Zurinskas
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] (UNCLASSIFIED) Steve Kl.
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] (UNCLASSIFIED) Tom Zurinskas
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] (UNCLASSIFIED) Salikoko Mufwene
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] (UNCLASSIFIED) Herb Stahlke
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] (UNCLASSIFIED) Judy Prince
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] (UNCLASSIFIED) Russ McClay
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] (UNCLASSIFIED) Judy Prince
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] (UNCLASSIFIED) Judy Prince
• McWhorter on "Negro" [Was: on "Negro English"] (UNCLASSIFIED) Bill Palmer
• McWhorter on "Negro English" Joel S. Berson
• McWhorter on "Negro English" Geoffrey Steven Nathan
• McWhorter on "Negro English" Arnold Zwicky
• McWhorter on "Negro English" Terry Irons
• McWhorter on "Negro English" Gordon, Matthew J.
• McWhorter on "Negro English" Victor Steinbok
• McWhorter on "Negro English" Terry Irons
• McWhorter on "Negro English" Benjamin Zimmer
• McWhorter on "Negro English" Laurence Horn
• McWhorter on "Negro English" Amy West
• McWhorter on "Negro English" Amy West
• McWhorter on "Negro English" Jonathan Lighter
• McWhorter on "Negro English" Wilson Gray
• McWhorter on "Negro English" Victor Steinbok
• McWhorter on "Negro English" Jonathan Lighter
• McWhorter on "Negro English" Herb Stahlke
• McWhorter on "Negro English" Wilson Gray
• McWhorter on "Negro English" Laurence Horn
• McWhorter on "Negro English" Joel S. Berson
• Misdirected posts Re: McWhorter.... Jonathan Lighter
• Misdirected posts Re: McWhorter.... Baker, John
• OT: 'Pied noir' [was: McWhorter on "Negro"] Damien Hall
• OT: 'Pied noir' [was: McWhorter on "Negro"] Salikoko Mufwene
• OT: 'Pied noir' [was: McWhorter on "Negro"] Salikoko Mufwene
• OT: 'Pied noir' [was: McWhorter on "Negro"] Laurence Horn
• OT: 'Pied noir' [was: McWhorter on "Negro"] David Bergdahl
• Retroflexion [was: McWhorter on "Negro English"] Geoffrey Nathan
• Retroflexion [was: McWhorter on "Negro English"] Arnold Zwicky
• Retroflexion [was: McWhorter on "Negro English"] Laurence Horn
• Retroflexion [was: McWhorter on "Negro English"] Geoff Nathan
• Retroflexion [was: McWhorter on "Negro English"] Paul Johnston
• Retroflexion [was: McWhorter on "Negro English"] Herb Stahlke
• Retroflexion [was: McWhorter on "Negro English"] Neal Whitman
• Retroflexion [was: McWhorter on "Negro English"] Herb Stahlke
• Retroflexion [was: McWhorter on "Negro English"] Laurence Horn
• Retroflexion [was: McWhorter on "Negro English"] Herb Stahlke
• Still :-) mostly -- McWhorter on "standard English" Joel S. Berson
• Still :-) mostly -- McWhorter on "standard English" Robin Hamilton
• Still :-) mostly -- McWhorter on "standard English" Jonathan Lighter
• Still :-) mostly -- McWhorter on "standard English" Robin Hamilton
• Still :-) mostly -- McWhorter on "standard English" Wilson Gray
• Still :-) mostly -- McWhorter on "standard English" Jonathan Lighter

• Contact info for John McWhorter? Grant Barrett
• Contact info for John McWhorter? Wilson Gray
• Contact info for John McWhorter? Arnold M. Zwicky
• Contact info for John McWhorter? Dennis R. Preston

July 2016 Member Spotlight: John McWhorter

John McWhorter is Associate Professor of English and Comparative Literature at Columbia University. He previously was Associate Professor of Linguistics at the University of California, Berkeley. He earned his B.A. from Rutgers University, his M.A. from New York University, and his Ph.D. in Linguistics from Stanford University. Professor McWhorter specializes in language change and language contact. He is the author of nine books on language issues intended for a general audience, and is a frequent contributor to prominent publications and media outlets.
...

John McWhorter
AKA John Hamilton McWhorter V
Born: c. 1963
Gender: Male
Race or Ethnicity: Black
Sexual orientation: Straight
Occupation: Linguist, Critic
Nationality: United States
Executive summary: Linguist, social critic
...

Texting is Not the Death of Writing

October 29, 2014 3:26 pm

Imagine for a second your life without texting - I bet it’s quite scary to even think of that! Texting, even though being quite recent, has already become a very natural habit in our lives. I believe the advantages it has on our daily communication are pretty evident and don’t require enumeration. Yet, there are quite a few people who are afraid that texting has negative impact on the way we use language. They claim that texting is the death of writing since we tend not to follow the usual grammar rules while, for example, chatting on Facebook. It might come as a surprise but it looks like these people are not quite right.

In this short but effective video John McWhorter, a linguist and political commentator, explains why texting should not be considered a threat to our (good) writing skills. He argues that, in fact, texting is not even writing and it should be rather understood as “fingered speech” with a grammar of its own.

Ruhlen, Merritt
The Origin of Language
Tracing the Evolution of the Mother Tongue

... Ruhlen's Origin of Language actually gets you involved in applying standard linguistic techniques to carefully chosen examples - by the end of the book, you will have constructed a family tree of the world's languages. And you needn't know any other than your mother tongue when you start, but you'll probably want to go out and learn several more languages by time you are done.
...