90 nanometer is the buzzword of choice (2000-2004) for an advanced semiconductor manufacturing process that combines higher-performance, lower-power transistors, strained silicon, high-speed copper interconnects and low-k dielectric material. Some of the new technologies in 90 nm are strained silicon which causes one type of transistor to switch faster, ...
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(1) Acronym for "abnormal end" of task. It refers to software crashes or lossage. Derives from an error message on the IBM 360.
(2) Acronym for "Absent By Enforced Net Deprivation". Sent in e-mail subject lines warning friends and others of forced loss of Internet access (due to moving, network outages, or illness).
Each subject page displays all of the Communications of the ACM research, practice, news and opinion articles categorized as relevant to that subject.
| Communications / Networking | Computer Applications | Computer Systems | Computers and Society | Data / Storage and Retrieval | Education | Entertainment | Hardware | Human-Computer Interaction | Information Systems | Legal Aspects | Management | Performance and Reliability | Personal Computing | Search | Security | Software | Theory
Named for "Ada", sister of Artemis in Greek mythology
The high-level programming language has been developed in the late 1970s and early 1980s for the United States Defense Department. Ada was designed to be a general-purpose language for everything from business applications to rocket guidance systems. One of its principal features is that it supports real-time applications. In addition, Ada incorporates modular techniques that make it easier to build and maintain large systems. Since 1986, Ada has been the mandatory development language for most U.S. military applications. In addition, Ada is often the language of choice for large systems that require real-time processing, such as banking and air traffic control systems.
Ada is named after "Augusta Ada Byron" (1815-52), daughter of Lord Byron, and Countess of Lovelace. She helped Charles Babbage develop programs for the analytic engine, the first mechanical computer. She is considered by many to be the world's first programmer.
"Artificial intelligence": Software technologies that make a computer or robot perform equal to or better than normal human computational ability in accuracy, capacity, and speed. Two very different approaches rule-based systems (see expert system) and neural networks have produced increasingly powerful applications that make complex decisions, evaluate investment opportunities, and help in developing new products. Other uses include robotics, human-language understanding, and computer vision.
Search for: "artificial intelligence"
Showing 1–10 of 9683 for “artificial intelligence”
"artificial intelligence": 130 results
The very laws of physics imply that artificial intelligence must be possible. What’s holding us up?
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"Artificial intelligence" ("AI") might have the potential to change how we approach tasks, and what we value. If we are using AI to do our thinking for us, employing AI might atrophy our thinking skills.
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Results for: "artificial intelligence"
HAL 9000 - 2001 - A SPACE ODYSSEY
The 1968 film "2001 - A Space Odyssey" featured an "artificial intelligence" computer named HAL 9000. The computer was installed in a space vessel Discovery and was en route to Jupiter when it malfunctioned, killing all but one of the crew. The story is significant in that it points out that computers if left to their own devices can be deadly.
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"Artificial intelligence" ("AI"), the ability of a digital computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings. The term is frequently applied to the project of developing systems endowed with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason, discover meaning, generalize, or learn from past experience. Since the development of the digital computer in the 1940s, it has been demonstrated that computers can be programmed to carry out very complex tasks — as, for example, discovering proofs for mathematical theorems or playing chess — with great proficiency. Still, despite continuing advances in computer processing speed and memory capacity, there are as yet no programs that can match human flexibility over wider domains or in tasks requiring much everyday knowledge. On the other hand, some programs have attained the performance levels of human experts and professionals in performing certain specific tasks, so that "artificial intelligence" in this limited sense is found in applications as diverse as medical diagnosis, computer search engines, and voice or handwriting recognition.
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"Artificial intelligence": Your search returned 13 records.
nounartificial intelligence", noun
the capacity of a computer to perform operations analogous to learning and decision making in humans, as by an expert system, a program for CAD or CAM, or a program for the perception and recognition of shapes in computer vision systems. Abbreviation: "AI", "A.I."
Your search for "artificial intelligence" returned 102 results
"Artificial intelligence"
Advanced computer systems that can simulate human capabilities, such as analysis, based on a predetermined set of rules
"intelligence artificielle"
L'art/la science/la technique/l'utopie (?) consistant à tenter de faire penser des ordinateurs.
Une approche courante consiste à utiliser des principes d'heuristique et des bases de données contenant des règles, afin de tenter de simuler le fonctionnement interne du cerveau d'un expert. Cela constitue un « système expert », aux performances parfois surprenantes.
Le langage traditionnellement le plus utilisé pour cela était Lisp (avec Prolog).
Souvent abrégé "IA" (version anglaise : "AI").
Un problème est dit « AI-complet » s'il nécessite la mise au point d'un cerveau humain artificiel (cela tient encore du mythe), et le résultat est qualifié d'« IA forte ». Voir test de Turing.
Un exemple de haute technologie en IA est Eliza, et c'est à peu près tout... Le reste, aujourd'hui, est surtout le résultat d'une discipline relevant du décisionnel reposant surtout sur des mathématiques et appelée recherche opérationnelle, couplée à de la bonne vieille statistique, souvent mâtinée de NLP.
"AI" (n.): antedating 1963 Artificial Intelligence Project, MIT
abbrev. for artificial intelligence, the science of producing computer programs capable of 'intelligent' behaviour
"AI" (n.): antedating 1974 Gardner Dozois, 'Chains of the Sea'
abbrev. for artificial intelligence, a computer program as an intelligent being.
"artificial intelligence", a.k.a. "AI", "machine intelligence"
"Artificial intelligence", more commonly known as "AI", is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, specifically computer systems. It refers to computer hardware and software that emulates human intelligence, using reasoning and learning to solve problems.
Historical perspective: The concept of "artificial intelligence" appears to have been conceived in 1950 by Alan Turing, who used the term "computer intelligence". The concept was renamed "artificial intelligence" in 1955 by John McCarthy.
One of the earliest applications was an IBM computer program that could play chess, and in 1990, a computer named Mephisto, also known as Deep Blue, surprised the world by checkmating Grand Master Anatoly Karpov. Then again in 2011, Watson, the IBM computer beat two world champions on the TV trivia game Jeopardy!
See also : "bot" "fuzzy logic" "ontology" "robotics" "rumint"
Limericks on "artificial intelligence"
"Artificial intelligence": About 982 results (0.25 seconds)
Experts Predict When "Artificial Intelligence" Will Take Our Jobs: From Writing Essays, Books & Songs, to Performing Surgery and Driving Trucks
How the Mysteries of the Vatican Secret Archives Are Being Revealed by "Artificial Intelligence"
Philosophers Name the Best Philosophy Books: From Stoicism and Existentialism, to Metaphysics & Ethics for "Artificial Intelligence"
"Artificial Intelligence" Brings Salvador Dalí Back to Life: “Greetings, I Am Back”
"artificial intelligence"
Scientific research aimed at building machines capable of performing a variety of functions as well as (or better than) human agents do. Although early efforts focused on symbolic manipulation and linguistic representation, most now use the notion of parallel distributed processing for the construction of a quasi-neural network that recognize and associate patterns. Hopes (or fears) of the success of this discipline often give rise to philosophical questions about whether purely physical systems can adequately support consciousness, perception, and mind.
Recommended Reading:
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The Fifth Generation Fallacy: Why Japan Is Betting Its Future on Artificial Intelligence
by J. Marshall Unger
0152 SRI Artificial Intelligence status report M. Wilber [ May 1971 ] ( TXT = 2726 bytes) (Status: UNKNOWN)
"artificial intelligence": About 111,000 results (0.19 seconds)
English: "artificial intelligence" [Subentry of artificial]
French: "intelligence artificielle"
Related Term(s): "abduction", "expert systems"
artificial intelligence (Selmer Bringsjord and Naveen Sundar Govindarajulu)
- automated reasoning — see reasoning: automated
- belief representation — see belief, formal representations of
- Chinese room argument — see Chinese room argument
- connectionism — see connectionism
- defeasible reasoning — see reasoning: defeasible
- frame problem — see frame problem
- logic and (Richmond Thomason)
- Turing test — see Turing test
WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE?
John McCarthy
Computer Science Department
Stanford University
Revised November 12, 2007:
Abstract:
This article for the layman answers basic questions about artificial intelligence. The opinions expressed here are not all consensus opinion among researchers in AI.
- Basic Questions
- Branches of AI
- Applications of AI
- More questions
- Bibliography
- About this document ...
- artificial intelligence - AI (artificial intelligence) is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems.
- Artificial Intelligence as a Service (AIaaS) - Artificial Intelligence as a Service (AIaaS) is the third party offering of artificial intelligence (AI) outsourcing.
- artificial intelligence in marketing - Artificial intelligence (AI) in marketing is the process of utilizing data models, mathematics and algorithms to generate insights that can be used by marketers.
- Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) - The Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) is the combination of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies with the Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructure to achieve more efficient IoT operations, improve human-machine interactions and enhance data management and analytics.
- Artificial Intelligence roBOt - AIBO (pronounced eye-bow) is an entertainment robot designed by Sony.
- Asilomar AI Principles - Asilomar AI Principles are 23 main beliefs for guiding the research and development of artificial intelligence (AI).
"artifician-intelligence"
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
The branch of computer science that studies how to program computers to exhibit apparently intelligent behavior. The branches of "artificial intelligence" are usually defined as pattern recognition, theorem proving, language processing, and game playing.
A branch of computer science concerned with the programming of computers so that they exhibit apparently intelligent behavior, e.g., the design of robots, chess playing automata or theorem proving machines. Branches of "artificial intelligence" are pattern recognition, problem-solving, language processing and game playing. The only moderate success of reproducing human intelligence has nevertheless stimulated considerable insights into human cognitive processes and the use of computer metaphors in theories of mental activities is rampant (see "anthropomorphism"). (krippendorff)
By Vangie Beal
Related Terms"Artificial intelligence" is the branch of computer science concerned with making computers behave like humans. The term was coined in 1956 by John McCarthy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
- AI NOS
- AI Slot Detector
- ALICE
- forward chaining
- backward chaining
- assortment intelligence
- Hexadite
- intelligent agent
- threat intelligence
- intelligent terminal
Can Computers Exhibit Full AI?
Currently, no computers exhibit full "artificial intelligence" (that is, are able to simulate human behavior). The greatest advances have occurred in the field of games playing. The best computer chess programs are now capable of beating humans. In May, 1997, an IBM super-computer called Deep Blue defeated world chess champion Gary Kasparov in a chess match.
In the area of robotics, computers are now widely used in assembly plants, but they are capable only of very limited tasks. Robots have great difficulty identifying objects based on appearance or feel, and they still move and handle objects clumsily.
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"Artificial intelligence": 10935 results
BASIC 2, BASIC ENGLISH
BASIC (Beginners All purpose Symbolic Instruction Code)
BASIC
BASIC
BASIC (Programmiersprache)
BASIC
BASIC - the Programming Language
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The BASIC Origins
So, "BASIC", the "Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code", was written in the early 1960s by two Dartmouth mathematics Profs, Thomas Kurtz and John Kemeny. The intent was to have a language that was easy to learn that could be used on the GE225 time-sharing system that Dartmouth was about ready to launch. The pair thought that the most popular languages of the day, including Fortran and ALGOL, were too complex for non-technical folks to learn. Using elements from both Fortran and ALGOL, and adding things like line numbers to make trouble shooting easier, Kemeny and Kurtz developed BASIC, at first only having 14 commands, including the famous GOTO. BASIC could be learned in as little as two sessions, a tremendous advantage over other languages that could take months.
The time-sharing system would allow many users to log in at the same time, running programs remotely via terminals around the campus in the Maths and Science departments. BASIC may have been the first language written with the intent of being used by non-computer professionals. Many early time-sharing systems used BASIC, including those powered by GE machines and DEC PDP-11 systems.
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Nachdem Mitte der 1950er Jahre die Periode der Maschinensprachen einschließlich ihrer Weiterentwicklung ihren Abschluß gefunden hatte, begann danach die systematische Entwicklung problemorientierter Programmiersprachen, die zu immer komplizierteren, aber dafür immer benutzerfreundlicheren Sprachen führte: ein Laie konnte sie nach kurzer Einarbeitung beherrschen.
So entwickelten in den Jahren 1963-1965 John G. Kemeny und Thomas E. Kurtz am Dartmouth College in Hanover (N. H.) die leicht zu lernende problemorientierte Programmiersprache "BASIC" (Abk. für engl.: "Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code" ["Symbolischer Allzweck-Befehlscode für Anfänger"]), die sich besonders für die mathematisch-wissenschaftliche Programmierung (u.a. von Tischrechnern) eignet und sich mit verschiedenen Ergänzungen als Dialogsprache (d.i. eine für den Dialogbetrieb geeignete Programmiersprache) insbesondere bei Home- und Personal Computern bewährt hat.
1975 schrieben William H. Gates (* 1955), Student der Harvard University, und Paul Allan die Universal-Programmiersprache BASIC für Mikrocomputer um.
BASIC (beginner's all-purpose symbolic instruction code) | iSeries BASIC
BASIC
BASIC
BASIC
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6.7. Acronyms
As already mentioned in the discussion on Dirven/Verspoor, acronyms play a paramount role in a highly modern society. For precision, I would like to underline that only spoken initialisms should be called acronyms; in my view it is not helpful that Algeo (1978, 1980) also defined cases like Dr. as acronyms. Ph.D., on the other hand, is a true acronym. Some acronyms are pronounced letter by letter, others as syllables - with possible differences in different varieties: some pronounce "VAT" as [vat], some as []vi:ec}ti:].
Like clipping, acronymy is based on a contiguity of parts of a linguistic form, where only some sounds - or better: letters - are selected for the new coinage. It is a particularity of acronymy that the short form sometimes seems mentally prior to the long form or at least concurrent. Then it passes through the phases described by Stekauer. And also Bauer (1983: 237) observes:
'In some cases it seems that the name of a particular object is specially chosen to give a suitable acronym. This seems to be true of "BASIC" ["Beginners' All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code"] or, for example, the "Federation of Inter-State Truckers", "FIST". In other cases, the acronym spells something which seems to be appropriate in some metaphorical case, as for example with "WASP" ["White Anglo-Saxon Protestant"].'
The 50th Anniversary of the Language That Changed the World
Published 05/26/2014
May 1st marked the 50th anniversary of a special computer language. Two college professors designed BASIC to permit college students not trained in mathematics to use computers.
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BASIC
BASIC
BASIC
BASIC | GW-BASIC | QBASIC | Visual Basic | Visual Basic Editor | Visual Basic for Applications
ISO 10279 BASIC programming language
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Die elektronische Architektur der XL-Computer unterscheidet sich nur geringfügig von der der 400/800-Baureihe. Es kamen lediglich einige Veränderungen in der Speicherverwaltung (OS ausblendbar), die nun ab Werk eingebaute Programmiersprache "Atari-BASIC" und ein nach außen geführtes Parallel Bus Interface (PBI), um Erweiterungen effizienter anbinden zu können, hinzu.
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"BASIC" ist eine imperative Programmiersprache. Sie wurde 1964 von John G. Kemeny und Thomas E. Kurtz am Dartmouth College entwickelt und verfügte in ihrer damaligen Form noch nicht über die Merkmale der strukturierten Programmierung, sondern arbeitete mit Zeilennummern und Sprungbefehlen (GOTO). Mittlerweile gibt es eine Vielzahl verschiedener BASIC-Dialekte, von denen einige der jüngeren alle Elemente höherer Programmiersprachen aufweisen, so etwa Objektorientierung.
Das Akronym "BASIC" steht für "Beginner’s All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code", was so viel bedeutet wie "symbolische Allzweck-Programmiersprache für Anfänger". Die Abkürzung als Wort gesehen bedeutet außerdem "grundlegend". Dies zeigt das Design-Ziel klar: Eine einfache, für Anfänger geeignete Programmiersprache zu erschaffen. Außer in manchen Produktnamen wird das Wort "BASIC" grundsätzlich in Großbuchstaben geschrieben.
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- 3.3.2 TI-BASIC-Benutzerschnittstelle
- 3.3.2.1 TI Extended BASIC
Lexikon der Filmbegriffe
Blue Screen / Blue Screen-Verfahren
Siehe auch:
- Chromakey-Verfahren
- Travelling Matte
- 1.Introduction to How Blue Screens Work
- 2.Static Mattes
- 3.Traveling Mattes
- 4.Lots More Information
- 5.See all Special Effects articles
Lexikon: Blue Screen
Spiderman schwingt durch New Yorker Häuserschluchten, Harry Potter zeigt auf dem Besen sein Quidditchtalent - all das passiert natürlich nicht wirklich, sondern ist nur mit Hilfe des so genannten Blue Screen Verfahrens möglich.
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Was ist ein Blue Screen Verfahren?
"Blue - Screen" heißt übersetzt "Blaue Leinwand". Das Blue Screen - Verfahren gibt die Möglichkeit Akteure in unmöglichen Umgebungen zu filmen, ohne sie dabei zu gefährden. Sie können - scheinbar - an Hochäusern hängen, im All schweben oder einfach nur in einem Studiio sitzen, während sich im Hintergrund ständig das Bild wechselt.
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Ein Blue Screen (auch Bluescreen; zu deutsch: Blauer Bildschirm, von Microsoft offiziell Bugcheck genannt), auch scherzhaft "Blue Screen of Death" ("Blauer Bildschirm des Todes", kurz auch "BSoD") oder Blauer Tod (in Anlehnung an den Schwarzen Tod) genannt, ist eine Beschreibung einer bestimmten Kategorie von Fehlermeldungen (stop errors), die insbesondere von Microsoft-Windows-Betriebssystemen angezeigt werden. Um Schäden an Betriebssystem und Hardware zu verhindern, wird nach einem kritischen Systemfehler das System gestoppt und die Bedienoberfläche des Betriebssystems vollständig durch einen blauen Bildschirm ersetzt, auf dem in weißer Schrift die Fehlerinformationen erscheinen.
Ausgelöst werden diese Meldungen in den häufigsten Fällen nicht durch Fehler in Anwendungsprogrammen, sondern durch Fehler in Gerätetreibern oder in der Hardware. Wird der Blue Screen nicht von einem Defekt in der Hardware ausgelöst, so handelt es sich entweder um einen Programmierfehler in einem Treiber, im Betriebssystemkern, der oft mittels eines Patches vom entsprechenden Hersteller behoben werden kann, oder um eine fehlerhafte Systemkonfiguration. In bestimmten Fällen kann auch ein Fehler in der Softwarearchitektur zu Grunde liegen, der bis zum Ende der Lebensdauer des Produktes erhalten bleibt.
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The following entry from the Salon Haiku Contest, seems to have predated popular use of the term:
???Windows?NT?crashed.
???I?am?the?Blue?Screen?of?Death
???No?one?hears?your?screams.
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Wenn Ihr PC bei einem Bluescreen sofort neu startet, ohne dass Sie die Meldung entziffern können, schalten Sie den automatischen Windows-Neustart ab. Die Option dazu finden Sie via Start/Systemsteuerung/Leistung und Wartung/System/Erweitert. Wählen Sie dort unter "Starten und Wiederherstellen" die Einstellungen. Es öffnet sich ein Fenster, in dem Sie "Automatisch Neustart durchführen" deaktivieren. In Windows Vista steckt die Option unter Systemsteuerung/System und Wartung/System/Erweiterte Systemeinstellungen.
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Mit etwas Glück finden Sie die Lösung zu Ihrem Problem unter den fünf häufigsten Gründen für einen PC-Absturz. Diese sind im Folgenden beschrieben. Außerdem geben wir Ihnen allgemeine Ratschläge, um einem Absturz vorzubeugen und die Ursache zu beseitigen.
- •0x0000002E: DATA_BUS_ERROR
- •0x0000007B: INACCESSIBLE_BOOT_DEVICE
- •0x0000007F: UNEXPECTED_KERNEL_MODE_TRAP
- •0x00000024: NTFS_FILE_SYSTEM
- •Ox0000000A: IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL
- •Generelle Tipps gegen Bluescreens
- •Hardware-Probleme lösen
- •Betriebssystem reparieren
- Provider
[ Name] Microsoft-Windows-Kernel-Power
[ Guid] {331C3B3A-2005-44C2-AC5E-77220C37D6B4}
EventID 41
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• Energiesparplan auf Höchste Leistung (Festplatten ausschalten: NIE (muss seperat angewählt werden, da standardmäßig auf 20" eingestellt))
"Blush Noisette"
"R. noissettiana"
ORIGINAL BOTANICAL NAME "Rosa Noisettiana"
ORIGINAL FRENCH NAME "Rosier de Philippe Noisette"
CURRENT BOTANTICAL NAME "R. noissettiana"
COMMON NAME "Blush Noisette"
OTHER NAMES "Phillipe Noisette Rose", "Blush Cluster", "Flesh-Coloured Noisette"
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"Blush Noisette", "Rosier de Philippe Noisette", "Blush Cluster", "Flesh-coloured Noisette", "Rosa x noisettiana", Noisette (FR) 1825 "Noisetterose", Alte Rose lilarosa remontierend, fast dauerblühend, starker Gewürznelkenduft, fast stachellos. Die erste der sogenannten "Noisette-Rosen". Kombinationen mit Clematis sehr schön - z. B. mit der Clematis Hybride "Ashva" (hellviolette Blüten mit rötlichen Streifen und einem gewellten Rand) oder der Clematis viticella Etoile Violette.
Bootstrapped, Profitable, & Proud
Our Bootstrapped, Profitable, & Proud series profiles companies that have over one million dollars in revenues, didn’t take VC, and are profitable.
- Sparkfun is an online retail store that sells the bits and pieces to make your electronics projects possible.
- Z. Vex Effects makes custom guitar effects pedals that deliver oddball sounds, textures, interfaces, and custom paint jobs.
- Goldstar is a ticketing company that helps people get out more to live entertainment, like theater, comedy, sports, and music.
- Coudal is a design, advertising, and interactive studio in Chicago.
- Braintree provides businesses with an online merchant account and payment gateway to accept credit card payments.
- FlightAware provides live flight data, airport information, weather maps, flight planning, and aviation news.
- Rivendell is a small, opinionated, specialty bicycle business based in San Francisco.
- InsuranceAgents.com helps people save a fortune on their insurance costs by comparison shopping.
- Admoda runs an ad network for mobile phones.
- Envato operates a set of sites that help people learn professional creative skills and earn income.
- Kentico Software sells a CMS that makes web developers more productive while designing sites.
- Alien Skin Software makes Photoshop plug-ins for photography and graphic design.
- GitHub offers public and private source code hosting to companies and open source projects using either git or Subversion.
- AnswerLab provides user experience research and consulting for web, mobile and software applications.
- smartassess improves learning by developing technologies used in UK classrooms.
- WooThemes delivers top quality WordPress themes for all types of web publishers.
- iData helps colleges, universities, and institutional research professionals with their data systems.
- A Small Orange is a homegrown web hosting company for businesses of all sizes.
- Litmus helps marketers test their email designs across a range of different email clients.
- TechSmith creates screen capture and recording software for individual and professional use.
- iTeleport is an iPhone/iPad app for controlling your computer remotely from anywhere in the world.
- BigCommerce makes it easy and affordable for people to sell online without needing any whiz bang HTML knowledge or fancy design skills.
- Campaign Monitor makes elegant email marketing software for designers and their clients.
DEFINITION
A statistical methodology used to quantify the uncertainty associated with estimates obtained from a model. The bootstrap is often based on Monte Carlo resampling of residuals from the initial model fit.
166. Your own Bootstraps
"Pull yourself up by your own bootstraps" is an expression you might use to say "accomplish something relying only on your own efforts".
(The literal meaning of a "bootstrap" It's that loop fastened to the back or side of the boot to help pull it on. The origin of that expression we started out with is usually traced back to the legendary "Baron von Münchhausen", the tall tale where he claims to have lifted himself out of a swamp by his own hair, or his own bootstraps.)
Our modern world has found the idea of building on resources - normally simpler ones - that are already in place so fruitful that the old bootstrap has been revived in the term "bootstrapping". The general idea here is that a relatively simpler system in place can activate a more complicated system, which can in turn activate ... etc. It is a term that has come into common use in biology, computing, electronics, finance, physics, statistics, and venture capital/start-up companies.
It has also become a common term in "linguistics", and here it most often refers to the strategies a child seems to be using to learn its native language at increasingly complex levels. When you think about it, the child's task seems almost overwhelming: it hears streams of speech, and must somehow figure out its entire native language from this. And yet by the time they are around 3 years old, children all over the world have acquired the basic sounds, forms, sentence grammar and meaning regularities of their native language, whichever one it is.
In "Miniature No. 25" we talked about some of the child's first steps in learning its language, though without going into how these stages build on each other.
All the speech the child hears, whether directed to it or overheard, plus the surrounding physical world make up what is now called the child's "input". One of the many tasks of linguistics is to try figuring out how the very young child only months old goes about absorbing and then processing this flood of input. Somehow, in a very few years the mysterious process of "bootstrapping" builds up a complete knowledge of all the complicated systems of its native language. How does this bootstrapping process seem to be working?
The child (over)hears a stream of speech. Before it can set about figuring out what different kinds of words there are and how they interact with each other, the very first task is to learn what constitutes a word. The first thing that is noticed - and this is in the first few months of life - is that some syllables are more prominent than other syllables. In other words, the child is hearing rhythms. Within the first year, the child learning English begins reacting to a fundamental trochaic meter in the spoken language, for example
TUES-day NOON we SAW a DOG-gie.
And soon it is picking up subtle differences between sounds that signal different word divisions. Notice that the "c" in "I scream" is not quite the same as the =stronger-sounding "c" in "ice cream". For other examples of our ability to hear where word divisions are, look at "Miniature No. 36".
Once this basic division into meaningful words is getting firmly established, the child can use this knowledge to go on figuring out that there are different kinds of words - what in grammar we call "parts of speech". There is a good chance that words of more than one syllable whose first syllable is the prominent one (initial stress) will be "nouns", like
MOther, DOGgie, BOTTle, KITchen, ...
and nouns usually tend to have more syllables than verbs (the chance that a word of 3 syllables will be a noun is 94%!). A noun is apt to have a word like "the", "this", "those" in front of it. (To be sure, infants do not use articles such as "the", but there is enough evidence that they are sensitive to them.)
In ways like this, the child continues rapidly building up a more and more complicated understanding of the structure of the language. With this fundamental knowledge of what constitutes words and then the consciousness of different types, a picture can be built up of the ways words interact with each other, such as the above "article + noun". The child discovers agreement between words such as "this box" / "these boxes".
Learning "verbs" is more subtle, and it is a level reached only after some basic nouns have been mastered. For one thing, the verb is often about something that is not happening at the moment of speaking, but a future or past event. It helps too that a verb is likely to have a noun associated with it: "eat" suggests "food".
Words function in concert with each other in sentences. With all the above insights, the child can take further and more complex steps, such as that verbs are more apt to occur at or near the beginnings of sentences and nouns at or near the end,
"pick" up your "toys".
"give" me that "box".
she "told" me a "story".
These are just the first few steps in an extremely complicated process that is well along by 3 and essentially complete by 5 or 6. But it is just enough to illustrate how the child sets about bootstrapping basic input into such enormous complexity.
Bootstrap-Theorie ("Schnürsenkel"-Theorie)
Radikales physikalisches Denkmodell von Geoffrey Chew, das für einen speziellen Teil von subatomaren Teilchen (Hadronen) entwickelt wurde, doch in seiner Ausweitung zu einem allgemeinen naturphilosophischen Konzept zahlreiche New-Age-Denker ( New Age ) beeinflußt hat.
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Pull yourself up by your bootstraps
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It was known by the early 20th century. James Joyce alluded to it in Ulysses, 1922:
"There were others who had forced their way to the top from the lowest rung by the aid of their bootstraps."
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Nancy Sinatra - These Boots Are Made for Walkin'
Bootstrap-Verfahren
Bootstrap method (engl.)
benutzt für: Bootstrap-Statistik, Bootstrap approach, Bootstrapping
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Ein Blue Screen (auch Bluescreen; zu deutsch: Blauer Bildschirm, von Microsoft offiziell Bugcheck genannt), auch scherzhaft "Blue Screen of Death" ("Blauer Bildschirm des Todes", kurz auch "BSoD") oder Blauer Tod (in Anlehnung an den Schwarzen Tod) genannt, ist eine Beschreibung einer bestimmten Kategorie von Fehlermeldungen (stop errors), die insbesondere von Microsoft-Windows-Betriebssystemen angezeigt werden. Um Schäden an Betriebssystem und Hardware zu verhindern, wird nach einem kritischen Systemfehler das System gestoppt und die Bedienoberfläche des Betriebssystems vollständig durch einen blauen Bildschirm ersetzt, auf dem in weißer Schrift die Fehlerinformationen erscheinen.
Ausgelöst werden diese Meldungen in den häufigsten Fällen nicht durch Fehler in Anwendungsprogrammen, sondern durch Fehler in Gerätetreibern oder in der Hardware. Wird der Blue Screen nicht von einem Defekt in der Hardware ausgelöst, so handelt es sich entweder um einen Programmierfehler in einem Treiber, im Betriebssystemkern, der oft mittels eines Patches vom entsprechenden Hersteller behoben werden kann, oder um eine fehlerhafte Systemkonfiguration. In bestimmten Fällen kann auch ein Fehler in der Softwarearchitektur zu Grunde liegen, der bis zum Ende der Lebensdauer des Produktes erhalten bleibt.
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Indeed, the use of bug to mean an industrial defect was already established in Thomas Edison's time, and a more specific and rather modern use can be found in an electrical handbook from 1896 (Hawkin's New Catechism of Electricity, Theo. Audel & Co.) which says: “The term ‘bug’ is used to a limited extent to designate any fault or trouble in the connections or working of electric apparatus.” It further notes that the term is “said to have originated in quadruplex telegraphy and have been transferred to all electric apparatus.”
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- BUG. A nick name given by the Irish to Englishmen; bugs having, as it is said, been introduced into Ireland by the English.
- TO BUG. A cant word among journeymen hatters, signifying the exchanging some of the dearest materials of which a hat is made for others of less value. Hats are composed of the furs and wool of divers animals among which is a small portion of beavers' fur. Bugging, is stealing the beaver, and substituting in lieu thereof an equal weight of some cheaper ingredient. - Bailiffs who take money to postpone or refrain the serving of a writ, are said to bug the writ.
"Bug", wird beim Fleisch-Einkauf, insgemein derjenige Theil genennet, der sich an einem Vieh (zahmen sowol, als Wildprett) um den Vorderlauf oder das Schulterblatt befindet, von dem Kamme an gerechnet, bis an die Brust, worzu bei dem Schweinevieh die vier ersten Ribben gerechnet werden.
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Abbreviation for "binary term", a unit of storage capable of holding a single character. On almost all modern computers, a byte is equal to 8 bits. Large amounts of memory are indicated in terms of kilobytes (1,024 bytes), megabytes (1,048,576 bytes), and gigabytes (1,073,741,824 bytes).
Champney's Pink Cluster - (R.chinensis x R.moschata) Double pink flowers in large clusters. Moderately vigorous and hardy. Forerunner of the Noisettes.
Champneys' Pink Cluster Noisette
Champneys' Pink Cluster
Champney's Pink Cluster
Champneys Pink Cluster, Züchter Champney, 1811
Champney`s Pink Cluster, Champney`s Rose, Champneyana, Champney (USA) 1811 Noisette, Alte Rose Kletterose (auch in Bäume) rosa einmalblühend sehr stark duftend. Diese Rose begründete die "Noisetterosen".
Leitfaden Cloud Computing
Chancen für das Business im Fokus
Cloud Computing und die diesem Phänomen zugrunde liegenden Konzepte sind bisher in deutschen Unternehmen kaum bekannt. In der Überzeugung, dass sich mit Cloud Computing eine Revolution in der IT-Bereitstellung und -nutzung abzeichnet, will der BITKOM mit dem vorliegenden Leitfaden dazu beitragen, dass sich Unternehmen mit Cloud Computing auseinandersetzen und dessen Potenziale für ihr Business erkennen.
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Der vorliegende Leitfaden umfasst 7 Kapitel. Entscheider finden im Kapitel 1 die wesentlichen Aussagen über die Relevanz von Cloud Computing für ihr Business. Das Kapitel 2 zeigt auf, welchen Einfluss Cloud Computing auf Wertschöpfungsketten ausübt. Im Kapitel 3 werden wesentliche Faktoren erörtert, die die Diffusionsgeschwindigkeit von Cloud Computing determinieren. Das Kapitel 4 ist juristischen Fragestellungen vorbehalten. Einsatzszenarien und -beispiele für Cloud Computing werden im Kapitel 5 erläutert, während das Kapitel 6 den Zusammenhang zwischen Cloud Computing und anderen Technologieentwicklungen beleuchtet. Den Leitfaden rundet eine Checkliste im Kapitel 7 ab.
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Cloud Computing ist eine Form der bedarfsgerechten und flexiblen Nutzung von ITLeistungen. Diese werden in Echtzeit als Service über das Internet bereitgestellt und nach Nutzung abgerechnet. Damit ermöglicht Cloud Computing den Nutzern eine Umverteilung von Investitions- zu Betriebsaufwand.
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"Cloudonomics". This is a neologism coined by Joe Weinman meaning the "economics of cloud computing".
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While it’s unclear who coined the term "cloud computing", it would seem Google CEO, Eric Schmidt first started throwing it around in the summer of 2006, the same month Amazon's EC2 platform was released. By the time Nicholas Carr published his best seller, “The Big Switch? in January of 2008 the term "cloud computing" has been used to describe anything computational and not running on-site.
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The phrase "cloud computing" originates in a common symbol - a cartoonish cloud outline - used in network diagrams to represent processes that are either too complex to describe, or systems managed by others. It represents a "black box" in which things happen beyond our understanding or control.
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In doing my research for the guide, I think I have found the first public usage of the term "Cloud" as a metaphor for the "internet" in a paper published by MIT in 1996.
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"As for the origin of the term “cloud computing”, there are a few possibilities…...
- In May 1997, NetCentric tried to trademark the "cloud computing" but later abandoned it in April 1999. Patent serial number 75291765.
- In April 2001, the New York Times ran an article by John Markoff about Dave Winer’s negative reaction to Microsoft’s then new .Net services platform called "Hailstorm" (if you want a laugh sometime, ask a Microsoft Azure person about Hailstorm). It used the phrase "cloud of computers".
- But my personal pick is in August 2006, where Eric Schmidt of Google described their approach to "SaaS" as "cloud computing" at a search engine conference. I think this was the first high profile usage of the term, where not just "cloud" but "cloud computing" was used to refer to "SaaS" and since it was in the context Google, the term picked up the "PaaS"/"IaaS" connotations associated with the Google way of managing data centers and infrastructure."
Alastair Goldfisher
Fri Apr 23, 2010
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In the more than three years since the term "cloud computing" was coined at the first Cloud Expo, venture capitalists have backed a range of companies that have developed virtualized computing resources to deliver software and information on-demand.
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cloud app | cloud arcs | cloud bridge | cloudcenter | cloud client | cloud enabler | cloud envy | cloud OS | cloud portability | cloud provider | cloud service architecture (CSA) | cloud storage | cloudburst | cloud as a service (CaaS) | cloud-oriented architecture (COA) | cloudsourcing | cloudstorm | cloudware | cloudwashing | external cloud | funnel cloud | hybrid cloud | internal cloud | personal cloud | private cloud | public cloud | roaming workloads | vertical cloud | virtual private cloud (VPC)
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The standards for connecting the computer systems and the software needed to make cloud computing work are not fully defined at present time, leaving many companies to define their own cloud computing technologies. Systems offered by companies, like IBM's "Blue Cloud" technologies for example, are based on open standards and open source software which link together computers that are used to to deliver Web 2.0 capabilities like mash-ups or mobile commerce.
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A Cloud Computing Dictionary Resource
A look at cloud computing, cloud terminology, cloud technologies, private versus public clouds, cloud computing vendors and fun cloud computing quotes.
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The actual term "cloud" borrows from telephony in that telecommunications companies, who until the 1990s primarily offered dedicated point-to-point data circuits, began offering "Virtual Private Network" ("VPN") services with comparable quality of service but at a much lower cost. By switching traffic to balance utilization as they saw fit they were able to utilise their overall network bandwidth more effectively. The "cloud symbol" was used to denote the demarcation point between that which was the responsibility of the provider from that of the user. "Cloud computing" extends this boundary to cover servers as well as the network infrastructure.
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Bonjour, ich suche die Etymologie des Wortes "cluster" und bin auf Ihre Webseite gekommen, wo das Wort mit einem "?" gekennzeichnet ist. Das Wort ist in der Musik bekannt ("Tontraube", "grappe de sons"). In meinen lateinischen und griechischen Lexika: kein Resultat, (denn "klyster" hat wahrscheinlich nichts mit "cluster" zu tun)
To gather or grow into bunches.
A group of the same or similar elements gathered or occurring closely together; a bunch.
Cluster controller
application clustering | cluster | cluster computing | cluster panic | clustering | Exchange performance and clusters: SearchExchange.com Chapter Download | hardware clustering | Linux clusters: Learning Guide | operating system clustering | Real Application Cluster | software clustering | Windows clustering
Rosa alba = Cluster maiden's blush rose.
ROPI2 - Rosa pisocarpa A. Gray - cluster rose
cluster-flowered rose
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"Cluster-Flowered" - In the classic Hybrid Tea form, a cane terminates in a single, large, perfectly formed flower. In contrast to this, Floribundas branch near the end of each cane and flowers are produced at the end of each branch in a cluster.
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"Cluster-Flowered" - A longer, fancier, and less suggestive name for Floribunda. (see also Floribunda)
Was wären wir ohne Douglas C. Engelbart?
Die Computermaus feiert 40. Geburtstag
08.12.2008 um 11:20 Uhr
Kaum ein Computer-Benutzer könnte heute noch ohne sie auskommen. Eher würden manche wohl auf die Tastatur verzichten, um einen PC zu bedienen.
Vor genau 40 Jahren erblickte die erste Computermaus das Licht der Öffentlichkeit - lange bevor die ersten Personal Computer auf den Markt kamen. Am 9. Dezember 1968 demonstrierte der Computerpionier Douglas C. Engelbart erstmals seine Erfindung auf einer Konferenz in San Francisco. Außerhalb des anwesenden Fachpublikums stieß sie jedoch vorerst auf nur wenig Begeisterung. Und es sollte noch viele Jahre dauern, bis die Maus ihren weltweiten Siegeszug antreten konnte.
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Coral Cluster Murrell (GB) 1920 Polyantha
Scarborough and the Critic von Richard Brinsley Sheridan
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ACT III.
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You see the ladies can't stab Whiskerandos — he durst not strike them, for fear of their uncles — the uncles durst not kill him, because of their nieces. — I have them all at a "dead lock"! — for every one of them is afraid to let go first. Sneer. Why, then they must stand there for ever! Puff. So they would, if I hadn't a very fine contrivance for't.
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bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
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Microsoft-Update gegen Abstürze bei hoher Speicherauslastung
Unter Windows 7 kann es bei Anwendungen mit hoher Speicherauslastung zu plötzlichen Abstürzen kommen. Das System friert dann an, Maus und Tastatur zeigen keine Reaktion, und Sie können den PC nur durch Aus- und Einschalten wieder reaktivieren.
Nach Angaben von Microsoft tritt das Problem normalerweise dann auf, wenn der Speicher-Manager sehr viele Aktionen beim Schreiben und Löschen im Arbeitsspeicher durchführen muss. Ursache des Problems ist eine sogenannte "Deadlock Situation" in der Datei "fltmgr.sys", dem Filesystem Filter Manager von Windows 7.
Mit dem Hotfix KB2575077 können Sie das Problem lösen. Es wird später Teil des Windows 7 Service Pack 2 sein. Das Update wird in zwei Versionen ausgeliefert: "Windows6.1-KB2575077-x64.msu" für Windows 7 64 Bit und "Windows6.1-KB2575077-x86.msu" für Windows 7 in der 32 Bit-Version.
Artikel-ID: 2575077 - Geändert am: Mittwoch, 10. August 2011 - Version: 1.0
Computer reagiert nach dem Zufallsprinzip aufgrund von Deadlock-Situation in Windows Server 2008 R2 oder Windows 7
Hotfix-Download ist verfügbar
Hotfix-Downloads anzeigen und anfordern
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Microsoft bestätigt Speicher-Hänger unter Windows 7 und Windows Server 2008 R2. Ursache des Problems ist eine sogenannte Deadlock-Situation. Diese wird verursacht, wenn der Arbeitsspeicher stark ausgelastet wird. Die Redmonder haben für den Fehler einen Hotfix zum Download bereit gestellt.
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Als IBM 1980 mit dem IBM-PC ziemlich verspätet in das Homecomputer-Geschäft einstieg, brauchten die Verantwortlichen möglichst rasch ein Betriebssystem - und wandten sich an Bill Gates' Firma. Mit einem eigenen System konnte Gates damals zwar nicht dienen, er wollte sich das Geschäft aber auch nicht entgehen lassen.
Kurz entschlossen schloss Microsoft einen Vertrag über 186.000 Dollar mit IBM ab und kaufte zwei Tage später für 50.000 Dollar von der Firma Seattle Computer die CP/M-Variante "QDOS" - ein Akronym für "quick and dirty operating system". In leicht modifizierter Form wurde das System dann unter der Bezeichnung MS-DOS an IBM ausgeliefert.
| "Easter Egg Yellow" als Farbe: | - #ffd35f - Easter Egg Yellow |
The Easter Egg Archive
The Fairy, Fairy, Fairy Rose, Fairy Cluster, Bentall (GB) 1932 Polyantha
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mit dieser Rose begann die Beliebtheit der Bodendeckerrosen.
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Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (started in 1985) is a searchable dictionary of acronyms, jargon, programming languages, tools, architecture, operating systems, networking, theory, conventions, standards, mathematics, telecoms, electronics, institutions, companies, projects, products, history, in fact anything to do with computing.
This dictionary is Copyright Denis Howe 1993 - 1999.
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Dabei komm es hin und wieder vor, dass mehrere Mitglieder einer Open Source Community mit der Projektleitung unzufrieden sind. Oft hat das mit wirtschaftlichen Entscheidungen zu tun, manchmal auch mit technischen.
Wenn die Unzufriedenen es nicht schaffen, einen tragfähigen Kompromiss mit der Leitung zu erreichen, kopieren sie den Quelltext auf einen neuen Server und arbeiten auf eigene Faust damit weiter. Diese Abzweigung nennt man "Fork" (englisch: Gabelung). Die Open-Source-Lizenzen erlauben das ausdrücklich.
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What is a geek? (a subjective work in progress)
n. Slang...
- 1. A person who is single-minded or accomplished in scientific or technical pursuits but is felt to be socially inept.
- 2. A person regarded as foolish, inept, or clumsy.
- 3. A carnival performer whose show consists of bizarre acts, such as biting the head off a live chicken.
(E?)(L?) http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Geek
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A person who is interested in technology, especially computing and new media. Geeks are adept with computers, and use the term hacker in a positive way, though not all are hackers themselves.
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Etymology
From British dialect "geck" ("fool"); compare Dutch "gek" ("crazy") or "gekkie" ("crazy person").
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"Garabge in, garbage out", often abbreviated as "GIGO", this is a famous computer axiom meaning that if invalid data is entered into a system, the resulting output will also be invalid. Although originally applied to computer software, the axiom holds true for all systems, including, for example, decision-making systems.
dark-side hacker | hacker | hacker ethic | hacker humor | Hackers (the movie) | J. Random Hacker | true-hacker
- Comodo Hacker releases Mozilla certificate 2011/03/29
- Hackers Crack Layered Tech Database 2007/09/20
- Hackers Targeting Mambo Security Holes 2006/03/10
- PHP Apps A Growing Target for Hackers 2006/01/31
- Hackers Targeting Security Hole in Twiki 2005/09/16
- Hackers Manipulating Internet Explorer Add-Ons 2004/06/30
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"Hackers are as old as curiosity, although the term itself is modern. Galileo was a hacker. Mme. Curie was one, too. Aristotle wasn't. (Aristotle had some theoretical proof that women had fewer teeth than men. A hacker would have simply counted his wife's teeth. A good hacker would have counted his wife's teeth without her knowing about it, while she was asleep. A good bad hacker might remove some of them, just to prove a point.)
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Issue 90: Letters to the Editors: hacking the etymology of hacker
ethical hacker | ethical hacking
In der Presse und der Öffentlichkeit werden Kriminelle, die per Rechner und Netzen andere schädigen, oftmals als "Hacker" bezeichnet. Das ist aber eine völlig falsche Bezeichnung. Die korrekte Bezeichnung für solche Verbrecher ist "Cracker".
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- 24 November 2007 - Computer Terms: Ever Google Someone? - Hackers, bloggers and spam -- what does it all mean?
- 03 September 2006 - Computer Terms: Good Hackers, Bad Hackers and Busy Bloggers - On WORDS AND THEIR STORIES: Computer-related terms.
Are Cable Internet Connections Vulnerable to Hackers?
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[Originally, someone who makes furniture with an axe.]
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Das erste Programm, das zu Demozwecken (z.B. in einer neuen Programmiersprache) geschrieben wird, gibt traditionell die Meldung "Hello World!" aus. Als Name für Variablen oder sonstige Namen in Demoprogrammen nehmen die Informatiker immer "foo" und "bar" (Ausnahme: Python-Programmierer sagen "spam" und "eggs", weil auch der Name der Programmiersprache von "Monty Python" abstammt), und bei Kryptologen heißen die beiden Gesprächspartner immer Alice und Bob.
Hello World, Phoenix Lander Here
hello world
Index of /~acm/helloworld
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Index of Hello World! programs and beyond
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Hello World! or: How I Learned to Stop Listening and Love the Noise
Lego Hello World
"Hotkeys" are sometimes referred to as "shortcut keys" because of their ability to easily trigger an action (such as launching a program or keyboard macro).
In the span of a century, IBM has evolved from a small business that made scales, time clocks and tabulating machines to a globally integrated enterprise with 400,000 employees and a strong vision for the future. The stories that have emerged throughout our history are complex tales of big risks, lessons learned and discoveries that have transformed the way we work and live. These 100 iconic moments - these Icons of Progress - demonstrate our faith in science, our pursuit of knowledge and our belief that together we can make the world work better.
Featured: September 20, 2011 A Business and Its Beliefs A Business and Its Beliefs
Corporate cultures usually flow from the CEO downward, but from the start C-T-R, and later IBM, took a different path. It intentionally built a culture that flows up from its people, centered on a set of shared beliefs about the company’s place in the world and how to act in achieving that. This has been the key to IBM’s vitality for over a century. In 2003, IBM CEO Sam Palmisano again turned to IBMers to help form the company’s values via a “ValuesJam,” an online, three-day event. The results were strikingly familiar—in keeping with those set by Thomas Watson Sr. in 1914.
Featured: September 16, 2011 Sustainable Cocoa Sustainable Cocoa
Recently, IBM completed the initial genomic sequence of cocoa—in conjunction with chocolate maker Mars, Incorporated, and the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS)—in hopes of developing new strains of heartier, higher-yielding and blight-resistant cocoa, not to mention better-tasting chocolate. The project marks a significant scientific milestone that is already starting to benefit farmers, particularly in West Africa where about 70 percent of the world’s cocoa crop is produced. It’s one example of how IBM is leveraging emerging technologies to allow more directed breeding of sustainable food resources.
Featured: September 14, 2011 Preserving the Legacy of Film Preserving the Legacy of Film
Due to disintegrating film stock, the world’s film history is evaporating. IBM is working to save cinematic history through a collaboration with University of California Los Angeles and The Film Foundation, digitizing historical film content and building an electronic archive. IBM is also partly responsible for the digital video in use on the Internet today, having worked in the early 1990s to develop encoding and decoding standards that made digital video possible.
Featured: September 13, 2011 Deep Blue Deep Blue
In the mid 1980s, two PhD students at Carnegie Mellon University, Murray Campbell and Feng-hsiung Hsu, set out to build a chess machine that could beat the best human player. IBM Research hired the two scientists and gave them the resources to build Deep Blue, a dedicated chess-playing supercomputer. In 1997, in a historic match, Deep Blue became the first computer to defeat a reigning world chess champion. “In brisk and brutal fashion,” The New York Times reported, “the I.B.M. computer Deep Blue unseated humanity, at least temporarily, as the finest chess playing entity on the planet.” After a noted absence, Deep Blue led the way for IBM’s return to the supercomputing business.
Featured: September 09, 2011 The Cell Broadband Engine The Cell Broadband Engine
Gaming is serious business. In 2000, Sony Group and Toshiba Corporation issued a challenge to provide power-efficient and cost-effective high-performance processing for a wide range of applications, including the most demanding consumer appliance: game systems. The result came five years later with the release of the Cell Broadband Engine multi-core technology, developed jointly by IBM, Sony Group and Toshiba Corporation. Today, besides the Sony PlayStation 3 computer entertainment system, the Cell Broadband Engine can be found in several Toshiba REGZA televisions, video production equipment from Sony, the IBM BladeCenter QS20, QS21 and QS22 servers, as well as IBM Roadrunner, one of the world’s most power-efficient supercomputers.
Featured: September 08, 2011 Exploring Undersea Frontiers Exploring Undersea Frontiers
In 1965, an IBM communications system was one of the only links connecting oceanauts in the world’s first ocean floor colony to a support team on the surface. The project, led by famous French sea explorer Jacques Cousteau, was a highlight of IBM’s involvement in undersea research, which included projects in underwater crime scene investigation and the microscopic analysis of compounds from 35,000 feet under the ocean surface.
Featured: September 07, 2011 The Preservation of Culture Through Technology
Through its computer technologies—starting with punched card data processing in the late 1940s through the creation of virtual worlds of today—IBM has helped bridge time and distance by preserving, recording and even re-creating ancient languages and cultures. IBM has undertaken cultural preservation projects with institutions in Russia, Spain, Indonesia, the United States, Italy, China and Egypt.
Featured: September 02, 2011 Racetrack Memory Racetrack Memory
The Future of Data Storage
IBM researcher Stuart Parkin pioneered the development of racetrack memory, starting in about 2004. Parkin conceived of a device consisting of a city of skyscrapers—each one only hundreds of atoms wide—of magnetic material, with each floor of each skyscraper containing a single bit of data. The technique utilizes the spin of electrons to manipulate these bits, in effect shooting them around a racetrack, up and down the column. Though it may take a few years before it can be commercialized, once completed, it could allow for the kind of mass storage that now requires a disk drive to fit on a thumbnail-size chip that barely uses any energy. A handheld device could hold a few thousand movies, run for weeks at a time on a single battery and be practically unbreakable.
Featured: August 30, 2011 Popularizing Math and Science Popularizing Math and Science
In the mid-twentieth century, IBM worked with Charles and Ray Eames to make films and design exhibitions that brought widespread popular appeal to math and science concepts. These included Mathematica, the interactive museum exhibit, and the film “Powers of Ten”, both of which remain culturally and historically significant today. IBM continues to promote math and science through programs such as TryScience, a website offering fun-oriented science content, and Transition to Teaching, which supports employees in encore careers as math and science teachers.
Featured: August 26, 2011 Pioneering Speech Recognition Pioneering Speech Recognition
At the Seattle World’s Fair in 1962, IBM showcased the world’s most advanced speech recognition system, the “Shoebox.” It could understand 16 words, including the numbers zero through nine as well as minus, plus, subtotal, total, false and off. Visitors to the IBM pavilion could speak to the Shoebox via microphone, often looking on in amazement as it printed answers to simple arithmetic. After the Shoebox breakthrough, the development of speech recognition accelerated, aided by the exponential growth in computing power. The technology significantly increased computing access for people with vision, mobility and other impairments. Today, speech recognition is pervasive, and features a broad vocabulary and astonishing accuracy.
Featured: August 23, 2011 The Application of Spintronics The Application of Spintronics
IBM has been leading the research and application into an emerging technology called spintronics—short for “spin electronics”—which was coined in 1996 to describe devices that take advantage of “spin,” a quantum-mechanical property of an electron. The physics of spintronics allow for significantly increased data capacity and may enable the leap to quantum computing.
Featured: August 19, 2011 Nanotechnology Nanotechnology
Our everyday computing devices depend on breakthroughs in chip technology. As chips get smaller, they must also get smarter. IBM’s research in nanotechnology has led to innovations in not only chip technology, but healthcare as well, including sequencing the DNA strand at the nano level and developing a nanostructure that can fight the Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection.
Featured: August 16, 2011 The Professional Sales Force The Professional Sales Force
Thomas Watson Sr. believed a sales force could be a competitive advantage. Soon after taking charge of C-T-R in 1914, he established a dress code, no-drinking policy and the Hundred Percent Club to encourage employees to achieve 100 percent of their sales target. By the 1920s, he’d established a unique sales school in Endicott. Hiring only the best college graduates, IBM would put them through six weeks of intensive training. The IBM sales force became known worldwide for a new standard of professional service, and for cultivating client relationships founded on trust.
Featured: August 12, 2011 The Invention of Stream Computing The Invention of Stream Computing
In 2009, IBM announced the availability of its stream computing software, a breakthrough in real-time data analytics. Stream computing gathers multiple streams of data “on the fly,” using advanced algorithms to deliver nearly instantaneous analysis to decision makers. Flipping the traditional data analytics strategy in which data is collected in a database to be searched or queried for answers, stream computing can be used for complex, dynamic situations that require immediate decisions, such as predicting the spread of an epidemic or monitoring changes in the condition of premature babies.
Featured: August 09, 2011 Pioneering Genetic Privacy Pioneering Genetic Privacy
In October 2005, IBM became the first major corporation in the world to establish a genetics privacy policy that prohibits current or future employees’ genetic information from being used in employment decisions. “What I.B.M. is doing is significant because you have a big, leadership company that is saying to its workers, ‘We aren’t going to use genetic testing against you,’” said Arthur Caplan, director of the Center for Bioethics at the University of Pennsylvania medical school in an interview with The New York Times.
Featured: August 02, 2011 The Mobilization of Relief Efforts The Mobilization of Relief Efforts
The tragic series of devastating tsunamis in December of 2004 killed more than 230,000 people and left 1.5 million people homeless. Within hours, country by country, IBM was assembling resources for relief, including a customized database to help track victims and goods; a wireless system running a disaster management network—in addition to material goods, counseling and training. It is just one example of how IBM assists in crisis management, reconstruction and aid distribution, applying its expertise and resources to ease suffering and rebuild lives.
Featured: July 29, 2011 Relational Database Relational Database
Until the mid-1970s, computers sorted information using rigid, one-off database programs. IBM researcher E. F. “Ted” Codd wanted to improve the way data was sorted and handled. He sought to create a generalized description of how to store, update and extract data with accuracy, and query responses so any changes to data produced consistent results. In 1970, Codd completed his definition of the relational database which became the foundation for IBM DB2 products.
Featured: July 22, 2011 Copper Interconnects Copper Interconnects
The Evolution of Microprocessors
In 1997, IBM researchers surged ahead of a crowded field when they announced that manufacturing chips with copper interconnects would make microprocessors faster, smaller and less expensive than using aluminum. Copper wires conducted electricity with about 40 percent less resistance than aluminum, which resulted in an additional 15 percent burst in microprocessor speed. It was another breakthrough that created a new inflection point in the industry and positioned IBM as the global leader.
Featured: July 19, 2011 Innovating the Self-Service Kiosk Innovating the Self-Service Kiosk
IBM built upon magnetic stripe technology to continually expand its applications for self-service transactions, reaching a breakthrough in the IBM 2984, one of the earliest automated teller machines (ATMs). The self-service kiosk was activated by a magnetic-strip credit card and could be installed in the wall of a bank to dispense money day or night. Today, IBM is an industry leader in self-service kiosk innovation, enabling transactions in postal-service kiosks, airport check-in terminals, hotels, fitness centers, stores and other locations, as well as in banks.
Featured: July 15, 2011 The Invention of the Rewritable Magneto-Optical Disk The Invention of the Rewritable Magneto-Optical Disk In the early 1970s, IBM scientists were investigating metallic films that displayed unique magnetic characteristics. Watson Research Center scientists Praveen Chaudhari, Jerome J. Cuomo and Richard J. Gambino were examining the magnetic structure and electronic properties of these films when they discovered the special magnetic materials that made rewritable-optical-disk data storage possible. For their work, they received the 1995 US National Medal of Technology—the nation’s highest award for technical innovation.
Featured: July 13, 2011 Information-Based Medicine Information-Based Medicine
In 2006, IBM helped create EuResist, a project that would help doctors prescribe more effective, tailored drug “cocktails” to HIV patients, using a database of more than 33,000 previous treatment cases. Through healthcare innovations such as EuResist, the World Community Grid and the Watson computer, IBM is leading the world in using data analysis and information technology to build smarter systems to more effectively fight illnesses such as AIDS, HIV and cancer.
Featured: July 12, 2011 The Punched Card Tabulator The Punched Card Tabulator
In the late 1880s, Herman Hollerith, a young technical whiz at the US Census Bureau, had an idea for a machine that could count and sort census results far faster than human clerks. The bureau funded Hollerith’s work, and the first tabulating machines helped count the 1890 census, saving the bureau several years’ work and more than US$5 million. Hollerith left the bureau to form the Tabulating Machine Company, selling his system to other countries’ census offices and then to businesses such as railroads and retailers. Hollerith had little competition, and his machines and punched cards became the standard for the industry. In 1911, financier Charles Flint bought the Tabulating Machine Company and merged it with the International Time Recording Company and the Computing Scale Company of America to form the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company, or C-T-R, later renamed IBM.
Featured: July 08, 2011 Medicine On Demand Medicine On Demand
Malaria kills about 800,000 people each year, the vast majority of whom live in Sub-Saharan Africa. But stock-outs of malaria treatments in many Sub-Saharan African countries continue to be a problem. Launched in 2009, “SMS for Life” aims to reduce out-of-stock incidents for five key malaria medicines in the region. As Tanzanian health workers send weekly stock count text messages to a centralized database, district managers and the National Malaria Control Programme can use any Internet browser to access supply levels and provide regions with adequate medicine. Inexpensive IBM solutions like this increase inventory visibility throughout the supply chain and help detect signs of an epidemic—increasing public safety and reducing needless deaths.
Featured: July 07, 2011 Radiotype Wireless Data Transmission Radiotype Wireless Data Transmission
In 1935, Antarctic explorer Admiral Richard Byrd used an IBM Radiotype machine to transmit, by microwaves, the word “WATSON” from the South Pole to a lab in New Jersey—approximately 11,000 miles—signaling a new method in text transmission. When the US entered World War II, IBM lent Radiotype machinery to the Signal Corps, which sent a wartime peak of 50 million words each day among six stations at 100 words per minute. Though IBM did not pursue a market for Radiotype after the war, it showed a new generation what was possible in data communications, and helped drive the adoption of more advanced networking technologies.
Featured: July 01, 2011 A Commitment to Employee Education A Commitment to Employee Education
Thomas Watson Sr. said “there is no saturation point in education” and in 1916, he created the IBM Education Program. Over the next two decades, the program expanded to include management education, study clubs and the construction of a schoolhouse and laboratory. Between 1938 and 1952, 40 percent of Endicott employees were enrolled in classes, covering 33 subjects. In 1961 alone, 17,000 employees participated in courses. Today, IBM continues to evolve its commitment to education by offering thousands of learning experiences across roles and geographies in a multitude of in-person and virtual formats.
Featured: June 29, 2011 The First Nationwide Smart Energy and Water Grid The First Nationwide Smart Energy and Water Grid The island nation of Malta turned to IBM to help mitigate its two most pressing issues—water shortage and skyrocketing energy costs. The result is a combination smart water/grid system launched in 2009 that uses instrumented digital meters to monitor waste, incentivize efficient resource use, deter theft and reduce dependence on oil and processed seawater. Together, Malta and IBM are building the world’s first national smart utility system.
Featured: June 28, 2011 New Business Models for Telecom New Business Models for Telecom
To capture the breakneck growth in India’s telecommunications market, Bharti Airtel needed a new business model. The communications service provider (CSP) worked with IBM business consultants to outsource and integrate functions such as network management, help-desk support and IT. This freed the company to focus on high-value objectives such as new services and customer loyalty. Since 2004, Bharti Airtel has grown from six million subscribers to more than 150 million. This year, Bharti expands its model to Africa, where IBM will manage the computing technology and services for a mobile network spanning 16 countries.
Featured: June 24, 2011 CICS CICS
Securing Online Transactions
In the late 1960s, IBM engineer Ben Riggins was working on implementing IBM computers for the Virginia Electric Power Company. VEPCO was interested in setting up customer service centers that were tied in electronically to the company’s mainframe—except no software existed to execute transactions from the field. Riggins developed a piece of software called IBM CICS (Customer Information Control System). CICS blossomed into standard IT middleware, and now processes millions of transactions each day. It is considered one of the most important software products of all time, and one of the most profitable products in the history of IBM.
Featured: June 23, 2011 Cryptography for a Connected World Cryptography for a Connected World
In a world increasingly dependent on electronic data, protected data storage emerged as a critical security concern across all industries and in government. Preparing for this challenge, IBM developed its Data Encryption Standard (DES), a cryptographic algorithm to secure data. In 1977, the US National Bureau of Standards, working with the National Security Agency, adopted DES as the official Federal Information Processing Standard. It quickly became the international standard of protecting sensitive information, keeping the world’s data secure for more than two decades. The wide acceptance of DES solidified IBM’s thought leadership position and holistic approach to data management.
Featured: June 21, 2011 Innovating the Fan Experience Innovating the Fan Experience
Since 1990, IBM has worked with the All England Tennis Club to make the Wimbledon Championships the smartest professional tennis tournament, delivering a front-row experience to millions of fans around the world. Wimbledon is one of the IBM Media and Entertainment division’s efforts to help its clients, from professional sports leagues to music and movie production companies, develop new business models that embrace innovative ways of delivering content to customers.
Featured: June 16, 2011 IBM Is Founded IBM Is Founded
In 1911, international businessman Charles Flint engineered the merger of Hollerith’s Tabulating Machine Company with two other firms—the Computing Scale Company of America, an Ohio manufacturer of meat slicers and scales, and the International Time Recording Company, a maker of industrial clocks. This new conglomerate was named Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company, and it bore the seeds of what would become IBM. Recognizing the need for strong leadership to integrate such disparate organizations, Flint hired Thomas Watson Sr. as a general manager in 1914. Ten years later, with revenues of $11 million or roughly 13 times its original annual sales, 3384 employees and a strong vision for the future, C-T-R changed its name to International Business Machines.
Featured: June 15, 2011 A Global Volunteer Network A Global Volunteer Network
The IBM On Demand Community was established in 2003 as an online system for IBM employees and retirees to formalize their participation in volunteerism. It takes a uniquely IBM approach with a systems-management foundation, the capability of scaling on a global level and a focus on expertise-based service. The global system connects the strengths and skills of each employee and retiree with programs, resources, software and tracking solutions for a host of volunteer opportunities in education and with not-for-profit organizations. In the past five years, IBM surpassed 10 million hours of volunteer work tracked through the On Demand Community system.
Featured: June 14, 2011 Smarter Planet Smarter Planet
In 2008, IBM launched the Smarter Planet agenda as a way to help forward-thinking leaders in business, government and civil society around the world capture the potential of smarter systems to achieve economic growth, near-term efficiency, sustainable development and societal progress. Predicated on the world becoming more instrumented, interconnected and intelligent, Smarter Planet is IBM’s latest “big bet” on the future, with wide-ranging possibilities for improving the transportation, education, energy, food and water systems that run our everyday work and personal lives.
Featured: June 09, 2011 The Globally Integrated Enterprise The Globally Integrated Enterprise
In an essay featured in the May/June 2006 edition of Foreign Affairs magazine, and in a speech given in Bangalore, India, the same year, Samuel Palmisano, chairman and CEO of IBM, outlined his vision of the new globally integrated enterprise. It is the successor to the multinational corporation, which featured smaller versions of the parent company in multiple countries. A globally integrated enterprise is truly global—locating operations and functions anywhere in the world, based on the right cost, availability of skills and supportive business environment. This model is more nimble and less duplicative, and operates well across the flatter world.
Featured: June 08, 2011 The Networked Business Place The Networked Business Place
IBM PROFS (Professional Office System) was an electronic communication system for the automated office environment. Released in 1981, it supported emails, document creation and management, scheduling functions and spreadsheets, and could be linked to other applications, such as databases. Operated by menu-driven user interfaces, built on the mainframe and properties of virtualization, PROFS was the antecedent to office-wide intranets, providing a platform for early virtual collaboration. IBM’s belief in the power of collaboration continued well beyond PROFS and eventually led to the development of w3—the largest intranet in the world.
Featured: June 07, 2011 The Automation of Personal Banking The Automation of Personal Banking
The check-clearing process in banking was dramatically enhanced with the introduction of the IBM 801 Bank Proof machine, unveiled in 1934. As a new type of proof machine, the 801 listed, separated and endorsed checks, in addition to recording totals. Since this innovation, IBM has helped reinvent banking around the world, tailoring automated solutions to local business needs and behaviors and bringing greater convenience and efficiency to everyday financial transactions.
Featured: June 03, 2011 The Social Security System The Social Security System
In the midst of the Great Depression, Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Social Security Act—creating a gigantic, nationwide information problem with the stroke of a pen. Suddenly, the federal government needed acres of accounting machines to track the paychecks of every working American. There was really only one company that could provide that data processing backbone: IBM. The company provided more than 400 punch card tabulating machines to establish records for 26 million workers.
Featured: June 01, 2011 The DNA Transistor The DNA Transistor
IBM’s DNA Transistor offers a high-tech, low-cost method for reading the human genome sequence. This 2009 breakthrough technology may soon be used to create better patient profiles, tailor-made diagnoses and treatments informed by genetics—driving down the cost of healthcare, while drastically improving quality of care and quality of life.
Featured: May 26, 2011 Corporate Leadership in Environmental Responsibility Corporate Leadership in Environmental Responsibility IBM’s environmental programs date back to 1971 when Thomas Watson Jr., formalized the company’s global commitment to environmental protection in a pioneering Corporate Policy on IBM’s Environmental Responsibilities. It called for IBM to address not only the waste that results from manufacturing its products but also to consider the consequences of processes that are established during product development—what became, decades later, a regulatory focus known as “pollution prevention.” Today, thousands of IBMers in diverse roles are actively engaged in driving and implementing the company’s environmental programs and requirements. By the late 1990s, IBM became the first enterprise to achieve a single global registration covering IBM’s global operations to the ISO 14001 Environmental Management System Standard.
Featured: May 25, 2011 The Origins of Computer Science The Origins of Computer Science
At the end of World War II, the Watson Scientific Computing Laboratory at Columbia University became a pioneering powerhouse, marrying academics with corporate research and development. One year after its 1945 opening, the Laboratory also provided the basis for the world’s first computer science curriculum. The course introduced students to the foundational principles of automated data processing. Many of the students who attended these classes became the first proponents of the electronic data processing field.
Featured: May 20, 2011 The Apollo Missions The Apollo Missions
The seeds of IBM’s involvement in space exploration were planted when Thomas J. Watson established an Astronomical Computing Bureau at Columbia University in the 1930s—decades before NASA was founded. Considered one of history’s greatest scientific achievements, the moon landing is evidence of IBM’s willingness to explore ambitious ideas long before they revealed a path to profitability. IBM has taken part in every US manned space effort in history, working on systems for Mercury, Gemini-Titan and Apollo-Saturn missions, and for the historic 1969 Apollo 11 mission to the Moon. IBM has also helped develop Mission Control for the Gemini, Skylab and US-Soviet Apollo-Soyuz projects, as well as for the Space Shuttle program.
Featured: May 18, 2011 Fractal Geometry Fractal Geometry
In 1967, IBM researcher Benoît Mandelbrot published the initial findings of what he would later describe as “fractal geometry”—a concept by which mankind could use mathematical properties to describe the rough, non-Euclidean geometrical irregularities that exist in nature. Highly contested in its early years, fractal geometry has since informed significant contributions to science, industry, mathematics, and the arts. This new way of viewing our surroundings, this new perception of reality, has since led to a number of remarkable discoveries about the worlds of nature and man.
Featured: May 16, 2011 Silicon Germanium Chips Silicon Germanium Chips
In 1994, IBM Research patented a method for making low-cost semiconductor chips from Silicon Germanium (SiGe). SiGe was more readily available than the more rare, more expensive materials used at the time, and it improved speed and versatility in integrated circuits. Introducing germanium into the base layer of an otherwise all-silicon chip allowed for significant improvements in operating frequency, current, noise, and power capabilities. These cheaper, smaller, more energy efficient chips expanded the wireless industry, as SiGe chips were used in everything from radar to space exploration. Today, SiGe technology powers a new generation of mobile devices and smart technology.
Featured: May 12, 2011 Magnetic Tape Storage Magnetic Tape Storage
In the late 1940s, inspired in part by Bing Crosby’s pioneering use of magnetic tape to record his radio shows, IBM engineers started experimenting with tape as a data storage successor to the punched card. 3M developed tape to IBM specifications, while IBM worked on reels with rapid start and stop times, moving tape at 100 to 200 inches per second. The engineers hit upon the idea of using a vacuum column to suck in loops of tape and buffer it from the jarring stops and starts. In 1952, IBM announced the first magnetic tape storage unit, the IBM 726.
Featured: May 10, 2011 The Invention of Service Science The Invention of Service Science
Just as IBM in the 1940s helped create the academic discipline of computer science, so the company is again extending scientific rigor to key emerging dimensions of a changing world. With the world’s economy shifting from manufacturing to services, Service Science, Management and Engineering (SSME) introduces an important new field of study to enable deeper understanding of how this shift manifests itself in particular organizations and across business and society. Since 2003, IBM has worked with 450 university faculties in 54 countries, as well as governments and industry leaders, to build SSME curricula.
Featured: May 05, 2011 Pioneering Machine-Aided Translation Pioneering Machine-Aided Translation
IBM developed its first translation system for the League of Nations in 1931. The system was based upon the 1927 Filene-Finlay patent and enabled speech to be translated and read at the same time using low-power radio and headphones. Listeners could dial in to access the system in their native language. IBM continued its commitment to automatic translation with a system that translated Russian (chosen for complexity) to English in 1934, English to Braille in 1959 and Chinese to English in 1963. Bidirectional English-to-Arabic translation software was deployed in 2006 to improve communication between English-speaking military personnel and Iraqi forces and citizens.
Featured: May 03, 2011 The Creation of the World Trade Corporation The Creation of the World Trade Corporation
Throughout his tenure as CEO and President of IBM, Thomas J. Watson Sr. maintained a deep interest in international relations. It was under his reign that the company became truly multinational, aggressively expanding operations to Asia, Latin America and Africa. In 1949, Watson created the IBM World Trade Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary, to manage these proliferating operations. In doing so, he hired local people who understood the particularities of the business environments and local cultures in each country. They in turn, trained IBM’s global leadership in the requirements of managing vastly more complex organizations and relationships. Symbolic of his commitment to practice fair and ethical business practices around the world, Watson adopted for the company the new slogan, “World Peace Through World Trade.”
Featured: May 02, 2011 IGF IGF
Financing Technical Innovation
IBM Global Financing (IGF) enables the world’s leading corporations to implement critical e-business solutions, by offering total solutions financing. Since its inception, it has become the largest IT financier in the world, offering businesses of all sizes leasing and financing solutions for hardware, software and services acquired not only from IBM, but from the vendors that best suit the needs of the technology and customer. Today, IGF has thriving customers in more than 50 countries.
Featured: April 27, 2011
Smarter Healthcare Management Smarter Healthcare Management
Guang Dong Hospital in southern China treats more than 10,000 patients daily and is known for integrating traditional Chinese medicine with contemporary Western medical practices. IBM is helping the hospital deploy an electronic, patient-centered records system that offers access to a patient’s medical data from any location. Electronic medical records have the potential to save the healthcare industry billions of dollars and prevent billions more misdiagnoses. IBM is working with a variety of industry stakeholders to drive the digitization of records, a critical step in improving patient care. In addition to working with hospitals, IBM is partnering with Google and Continua Health Alliance to allow individuals to create personal health profiles that capture key medical information.
Featured: April 26, 2011
Breaking the Petaflop Barrier Breaking the Petaflop Barrier
The IBM computer built for the “Roadrunner project” at Los Alamos National Lab in 2008 was the first in the world to operate at speeds faster than one quadrillion calculations per second—one petaflop. The world’s first “hybrid” supercomputer (using two different processor architectures), Roadrunner is twice as energy-efficient as the next computer—using about half the electricity to maintain the same level of computing power.
Featured: April 19, 2011
The Optimization of Oil Supplies The Optimization of Oil Supplies
IBM has a long history of using emerging technology to help energy companies find, extract, process and use oil. From using 3-D seismic modeling to locate fields to designing sensing technologies to track oil flow and equipment for optimal safety, IBM is at the forefront of helping the oil industry remain safer, more sustainable, and more productive. As one example, IBM has partnered with companies in Venezuela since 1938, when Mene Grande Oil Company in Maracaibo received its first IBM machines through a new venture called C. A. Watson de Maquinas Commerciales—IBM’s operating name in Venezuela. Since oil was first discovered in Venezuela, IBM has been there, providing technology and infrastructures that adapt according to the needs of the industry.
Featured: April 18, 2011
High-Temperature Superconductors High-Temperature Superconductors
Superconductors are perfect conductors of electricity and have unusual magnetic properties. The problem, though, was that they only worked at minus 459 degrees Fahrenheit—temperatures only reachable in lab experiments. In 1986, Georg Bednorz and Alex Müller were working with perovskites at IBM’s research lab and found they would superconduct at temperatures far warmer than all previous records. This breakthrough opened a path to numerous useful applications. Superconductors made MRI machines cheaper and faster, helping them spread to hospitals around the world. High-speed rail travel even relies on superconductors. In 1987, Bednorz and Müller were awarded the Nobel prize for their discovery.
Featured: April 13, 2011
The Management of Transportation Flow The Management of Transportation Flow
The city of Stockholm, Sweden, had a traffic congestion problem. To spur less car use there, IBM developed a road charging system that would directly charge drivers who used city center roads during peak business hours. The system, launched in 2007, covered a 24-square kilometer inner city area with 18 barrier-free control points equipped with cameras and a mix of payment channels. The result was a drop in traffic, increased green vehicle and public transportation use, and an improved overall quality of life for the city’s residents. Today, key lessons learned in the Stockholm project are helping IBM to bring its “smarter” systems approach to aid cities such as Brisbane, Singapore and London in resolving longstanding urban issues.
Featured: April 12, 2011
Deep Thunder Deep Thunder
IBM researcher Lloyd Treinish developed a hyper-local weather forecasting capability that combined algorithms, computer modeling and visualization to predict short-range, very local weather. His system was first used at the Atlanta Olympics in 1996. By understanding and anticipating weather patterns, businesses and government agencies could better utilize resources, reduce costs and curtail the negative impact of storms—preserving structures and property and saving lives.
Featured: April 11, 2011
WebSphere WebSphere
With the height of the dot com boom ahead of him, the head of IBM Software group Steve Mills called his three top men into his office to discuss how they should “Webify” the company’s top enterprise software tools. The conversation led to the advent of IBM’s WebSphere application server, released in early 1998. Initially, the WebSphere team focused on rapid development and deployment of Web applications supporting HTTP, Servlet and Java Server Pages apps. However, IBM quickly extended WebSphere to transactional applications and beyond, driven by customer needs, and anticipating market shifts. Today, the WebSphere suite of products and services helps businesses set up, operate and integrate electronic applications across multiple computing platforms.
Featured: April 07, 2011
Tracking Infectious Diseases Tracking Infectious Diseases
In 1976, the World Health Organization utilized the IBM System/370 at the United Nations’ International Computing Center in Geneva to precisely map trends and outbreaks of smallpox so that it could best allocate its limited personnel and resources to the most urgent locations. The system became a global model for demographic tracking. Since then, IBM has worked to understand the spread of many epidemics and pandemics. It partnered with the Centers for Disease Control to model the spread of H1N1—the “swine flu”—and developed the Spatiotemporal Epidemiological Modeler for use in tracking bird flu, dengue fever, and other infectious diseases that threaten human wellbeing.
Featured: April 04, 2011
IBM 603 IBM 603
The First Commercial Electronic Calculator
The first electronic calculator ever placed into production, the IBM 603, was the first commercial product to incorporate electronic arithmetic circuits. This marked a major shift for IBM, from mechanical to electronic computation. Born from the company’s continuing focus on electronic development, the 603 was part of a program to make an electronic “super calculator” that would perform calculations faster than 1944’s ASCC, a 51-foot-long machine. The result was a considerably smaller device that used vacuum tubes to perform multiplication far more rapidly than earlier electromechanical devices. For the first time, calculations could be done instantaneously.
Featured: March 30, 2011
World Community Grid World Community Grid
Although the world’s information processing capacity is growing exponentially, so are the planet’s systemic challenges. IBM’s World Community Grid, released in 2004, makes use of pervasive networking and crowdsourcing to apply supercomputer levels of processing power to urgent healthcare and societal needs. Tapping thousands of individuals’ idle computers, World Community Grid significantly accelerates the progress of cash-strapped scientific and public-service projects. The Grid demonstrates IBM’s commitment to human progress by marrying its human capital and technology resources for research.
Featured: March 29, 2011
Building an Equal Opportunity Workforce Building an Equal Opportunity Workforce
One year before the 1954 Supreme Court decision Brown v. the Board of Education and 11 years before the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Thomas J. Watson, Jr. issued a policy letter to his employees stating: “It is the policy of this organization to hire people who have the personality, talent and background necessary to fill a given job, regardless of race, color or creed.” IBM has historically taken an intellectual approach to its hiring process, being truly blind to human traits beyond expertise and character. Its diversity initiatives reflect this thinking and have helped redefine the workplace.
Featured: March 24, 2011
The IBM 700 Series The IBM 700 Series
Computing Comes to Business
The 1950s brought challenges for IBM, the undisputed leader in data processing. To stay ahead of the Soviet Union, the US government began helping 14 organizations to develop electronic computers. IBM’s future—and its pride—was at stake. In response, IBM created the 701 in 1951, its first commercial computer. The machine amazed the world. Time wrote that it would “open up new horizons by rapidly working out complex equations to help discover new products, improve old ones, find out which answers to problems are the best.” IBM President Thomas J. Watson, Jr. said the 701 was “the machine that carried us into the electronics business.”
Featured: March 22, 2011
Smarter Water Management Smarter Water Management
In 2009, IBM and the Marine Institute in Ireland completed the SmartBay pilot information system. The system monitors and analyzes wave conditions, marine life and pollution levels in and around Galway Bay, using an infrastructure of sensors and computational technology interconnected across the bay to collect and distribute information on coastal conditions. The system shifts data gathering from manual to instrumented—allowing researchers to respond quickly to critical challenges, including pollution. The project serves as an example for coastal towns everywhere looking to mitigate pollution and flooding while managing fishing stock. By studying Galway Bay—home to some of the world’s roughest surf—IBM researchers also hope to learn important lessons about harnessing energy from wave power.
Featured: March 17, 2011
Predictive Crime Fighting Predictive Crime Fighting
For several generations IBM has partnered with local governments and police operations to provide technology that aids law enforcement and security. In 1963 the company helped the New York Police Department reduce the time required to identify fingerprints from hours to mere minutes. Today, law enforcement officials in New York, Chicago, Memphis and other cities around the world continue to use data and predictive analytics to take smarter approaches to fighting crime.
Featured: March 16, 2011
The Selectric Typewriter The Selectric Typewriter
The typewriter industry changed forever with the invention of the IBM Selectric typewriter in 1961. Prior to this innovation, the conventional typewriter’s basket of type bars inevitably tended to tangle, slowing a typist’s speed. The Selectric was fitted with a golf ball-shaped typing head that replaced the type bar carriage, reducing the amount of space the typewriter took up on the desktop. The silver-colored “golf ball” element circumvented the jamming issue: with no bars to tangle, typists’ speed and productivity soared. The IBM Selectric became the most successful electric typewriter model ever made, dominating the high-end office typewriter market for 25 years.
Featured: March 15, 2011
A Global Innovation Jam A Global Innovation Jam
IBM’s 2006 Innovation Jam was the largest IBM online brainstorming session ever held. IBM brought together more than 150,000 employees, clients, and constituents from 104 countries and 67 companies. As a result, ten new IBM businesses were launched around innovations ranging from electronic health record systems to branchless banking. In all, IBM committed a seed investment totaling $100 million in innovative services and products as a result of the Jam.
Featured: March 14, 2011
Linux Linux
The Era of Open Innovation
IBM’s decision to support Linux brought the power of open source innovation to IBM servers, systems and solutions. In 2000, IBM announced it would invest $1 billion in Linux, with a concerted focus on improving the operating system from within the Linux community, transitioning all IBM systems to run Linux and optimizing existing IBM hardware and software to become Linux-ready. The commitment caught the attention of CEOs and CIOs all over the world, drove down customer costs while increasing flexibility and represented a significant validation of open source innovation. Today, Linux is the fastest-growing operating system in the world.
Featured: March 11, 2011
A Culture of Think A Culture of Think
In a sales meeting at NCR, an angry Thomas Watson Sr. barked at his staff “what you men have to do is THINK!” With that, he wrote THINK on a flip board and told an assistant to put the word on plaques and give them out. When Watson joined the nascent C-T-R in 1914, he brought the THINK slogan with him. By the1920s, C-T-R became IBM, THINK signs appeared in many locations and the slogan became synonymous with the company as it attracted the media spotlight. With THINK as the mantra, Watson created a culture of independent thinkers and impassioned sellers, empowering a large, dispersed workforce.
Featured: March 10, 2011
The Making of International Business Machines The Making of International Business Machines
In the 1920s, Computer-Tabulating-Recording Company was not very big and not very international, but it was a fast-growing, small tech company with outsized ambitions. One of those was to be a global company, at a time when few companies thought that way. Watson began sending lieutenants overseas to start branch companies that would be run by local managers, an unusual approach when most companies appointed Americans to run overseas operations. Inspired by broad company names like General Electric and General Motors, Watson changed C-T-R’s name to International Business Machines, emphasizing its global aspirations. Today IBM operates in over 170 countries.
Featured: March 09, 2011
The Accessible Workforce The Accessible Workforce
In 1941, IBM hired a legally blind employee, psychologist Dr. Michael Supa, to assist in the hiring of 181 people with disabilities over the following two years. Dr. Supa later helped IBM make its products more adaptable to the needs of the visually impaired. His motto was “No person is handicapped if he has the right job.” Dr. Supa is just one example of IBM’s progressive employment practices, which started with the hiring of its first disabled employee in 1914—76 years before the Americans with Disabilities Act. IBM has pioneered a number of technology solutions that enhance accessibility, such as the Home Page Reader, an early Braille printer and speech recognition technology.
Featured: March 08, 2011
Good Design Is Good Business Good Design Is Good Business
Thomas Watson Jr. hired architect and industrial designer Eliot Noyes in 1956 to create the Corporate Design Program at IBM as its first Consultant Design Director. The program brought an increased design sensibility to architecture, graphics, industrial design, interiors, exhibits and fine art procurement at IBM. Noyes designed a system for the presentation of IBM products as well as the larger IBM brand, from the showroom at 590 Madison Avenue to products like the IBM Dictation Machine. From aesthetic to function, design reflected IBM‘s true corporate mission to use advanced technology to improve the way people live and do business.
Featured: March 07, 2011
The PC The PC
Personal Computing Comes of Age
On August 12, 1981, at a press conference at the Waldorf Astoria ballroom in New York City, Phillip “Don” Estridge announced the IBM Personal Computer (IBM 5150) with a price tag of $1,565. Two decades earlier, an IBM computer often cost as much as nine million dollars and required an air-conditioned quarter-acre of space with a staff of 60. The new IBM PC was not only faster, it put a computer within every household’s reach. The IBM PC helped revolutionize the way the world does business. One year later, it earned Time magazine’s “Person of the Year” award.
Featured: March 04, 2011
Blue Gene Blue Gene
The driving strategy behind IBM’s $100 million dollar, 5-year development project in the 1990s was to leverage Scalable Parallel Processing with practical purpose: weather prediction, oil exploration, and complex manufacturing processes. To “do more with less,” IBM engineers embarked on a quest to dramatically increase the computer’s speed and efficiency while decreasing its size. Designed in partnership with the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, the first Blue Gene helped biologists observe the previously invisible processes of protein folding and gene development. Each iteration took the technology further - and together, the Blue Gene series revolutionized the economics of supercomputing.
Featured: March 03, 2011
FORTRAN FORTRAN
The Pioneering Programming Language
Programming early computers meant using an arcane “machine code” specific to each computer. IBM programmer John Backus found a better solution. In 1957, he and his team produced the first high-level language, FORTRAN (for FORmula TRANslating System). A FORTRAN program could run on any system with a FORTRAN compiler, which translated Backus’s code to machine code almost as efficiently as a good programmer. For the first time, code was comprehensible to people other than programmers, giving mathematicians and scientists the ability to write programs they could share on different systems. FORTRAN was a significant step toward freeing software from the constraints of its hardware.
Featured: March 02, 2011
The Mapping of Humanity's Family Tree The Mapping of Humanity's Family Tree
Who am I? How did we get here? Launched in 2005, National Geographic’s Genographic Project aims to answer these questions. IBM and the Genographic Project began gathering human DNA from across the world and analyzing it for genetic markers that signal a deviation—or branch—in our family tree. By examining our ancestral roots, researchers can draw a more complete picture of humanity’s migratory history. IBM is providing the analytics to read the more than 400,000 samples collected so far. Through this project, IBM has gained tremendous knowledge of genetic variation and has become the world’s first company with a genetic non-discrimination policy.
Featured: March 01, 2011
Sabre Sabre
The First Online Reservation System
IBM worked for six years with American Airlines to develop a reservation system that would allow the company to quickly track, fill and file records of the hundreds of passengers that packed its new jets. The system was an enormous success, and similar models were later sold to Pan Am and Delta. The Sabre system enabled a major transformation not only of airline reservations, but also of revenue management, cargo, pricing, scheduling and operations. More significantly, Sabre paved the way for real-time online transactions—also known as Online Transaction Processing (OLTP)—a precursor of everything from ATM machines to Internet commerce.
Featured: February 28, 2011
Corporate Service Corps Corporate Service Corps
The IBM Corporate Service Corps (CSC) program was launched in 2008 to create leadership development opportunities for IBMers while delivering expertise-based service for the communities and organizations in emerging markets. To date 1000 IBMers have participated in CSC projects that tackle issues from local economic development, entrepreneurship, transportation and education, to government services, healthcare and disaster recovery. Corporate Service Corps teams now serve in over twenty countries around the world.
Featured: February 25, 2011
The IBM Punched Card The IBM Punched Card
From the beginning of tabulation, stiff rectangular cards punched with holes became the way data was recorded and stored. As IBM grew to dominate data processing by the 1920s, its cards—which only worked on IBM machines and vice-versa—became the global industry standard. In 1928, IBM improved on the cards’ design so more data could be stored on a single card. From the 1950s through about 1970, IBM punched cards were the primary way corporations and governments stored and accessed information, making the cards the most durable, successful data storage medium since the book.
Featured: February 24, 2011
The First Corporate Pure Science Research Laboratory The First Corporate Pure Science Research Laboratory
“Think” was at the core of Watson’s being. In 1944, he established the Watson Scientific Computing Laboratory at Columbia University, the first corporate laboratory dedicated to pure scientific research. There, a handful of scientists used machines previously dedicated to accounting to investigate everything from atomic fission to the orbit of the moon. Embedding IBM within a university helped to develop a diverse new field of thinkers. Today, eight IBM labs work with government and university research labs worldwide. This new model of “collaboratories” allows the company to stretch its budget and access some of the best minds on the planet.
Featured: February 23, 2011
DRAM DRAM
The Invention of On-Demand Data
In the mid-1960s, IBM researcher Bob Dennard developed the world’s first one-transistor memory, calling it “dynamic random access memory,” or DRAM. Finally, mainframes could be outfitted with short-term memory to act as a buffer to the data stored on disk drives. The memory chips would hold information the computer was working on right then, so it could go back to the disk drive only when it needed something new. This vastly sped up the process of accessing and using stored information. DRAM instantly made computer memory smaller, denser and cheaper, all while requiring less power.
Featured: February 22, 2011
Automated Test Scoring Automated Test Scoring
IBM pioneered the measurement of academic performance with 1937’s IBM 805 Test Scoring Machine. This machine was able to score tests in less time than it took to manually mark the answer sheet, and was many times more accurate. Its innovative pencil-mark sensing technology gave rise to the ubiquitous phrase, “Please completely fill in the oval.” The innovation came into use just prior to World War II, when the government relied on the machine to process and place large numbers of applicants into jobs.
Featured: February 21, 2011
Scanning Tunneling Microscope Scanning Tunneling Microscope
The scanning tunneling microscope (STM) revolutionized our ability to manipulate solid surfaces the size of atoms. Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer of IBM’s Zurich Research Center were awarded the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physics for discovering the STM. And the STM, in turn, has led to other discoveries on a “nano” scale, playing an essential role in the blossoming of nanotechnology. It was vital in the 1990s discovery of fullerenes, which led to the development of the carbon nanotube. The Nobel committee said the invention opened up “entirely new fields... for the study of the structure of matter.”
Featured: February 17, 2011
The Optimization of Global Railways The Optimization of Global Railways
IBM’s first customer in Italy, the Italian state-owned Ferrovie dello Stato (Italian Railways) turned to IBM in 1928 to automate its administrative processes. The result was an inventory of spare parts that drastically reduced waste and statistical traffic analysis that helped to schedule and allocate trains. Italian Railways was one of the first organizations to fully exploit the advantages of IBM’s large-scale, large-volume data management capabilities. IBM’s work there led to railway engagements in India, the Netherlands, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Cuba, France, Guatemala, Hungary, Mexico, Poland and Yugoslavia.
Featured: February 14, 2011
A Computer Called Watson A Computer Called Watson
IBM’s latest computer, code-named “Watson” leverages the leading edge Question-Answering technology, allowing the computer to process and understand natural language. It incorporates massively parallel analytical capabilities to emulate the human mind’s ability to understand the actual meaning behind words, distinguish between relevant and irrelevant content, and ultimately, demonstrate confidence to deliver precise final answers. In February of 2011, Watson will make history by being the first computer to compete against humans on television’s venerable quiz show, Jeopardy!.
Featured: February 11, 2011
The Rise of the Internet The Rise of the Internet
In 1987, IBM, working with the U.S. National Science Foundation and our partners at MCI and Merit designed a new high-speed National Science Foundation Network (NSFNET) to connect US universities and 6 US-based supercomputer centers. The NSFNET greatly increased the capacity of the Internet (increasing the bandwidth of backbone links from 56 Kilobits/sec to 1.5 Megabits/sec to 45 Megabits/sec) and greatly increased the reliability and reach of the Internet—reaching more than 50 million users in 93 countries when management of the Internet infrastructure was transferred to the telecom carriers and commercial Internet Service Providers in 1995.
Featured: February 10, 2011
RAMAC RAMAC
The First Magnetic Hard Disk
The world’s first hard disk drive was the size of two kitchen refrigerators set side by side. It contained 50 disks spinning at 1,200 revolutions per minute, supplying data at 100,000 bits per second. It was the IBM RAMAC (Random Access Method of Accounting and Control), and it allowed enterprises to think about data in new ways—mixing and matching it on the fly, allowing each bit of information to be read or changed randomly. Along with IBM’s magnetic tape drive, the 1956 release of RAMAC essentially launched the data storage industry.
Featured: February 08, 2011
Excimer Laser Surgery Excimer Laser Surgery
In 1981, three IBM scientists—Rangaswamy Srinivasan, James Wynne and Samuel Blum—discovered how the newly invented excimer laser could remove specific human tissue without harming the surrounding area and do so on an extremely minute scale—a process that became the foundation for LASIK and PRK surgery. The painless procedure, which changes the shape of the cornea, has improved the vision and quality of life for millions of people around the world.
Featured: February 04, 2011
Magnetic Stripe Technology Magnetic Stripe Technology
In 1969, IBM engineer Forrest Parry had a problem. He was trying to affix a strip of magnetized tape with a piece of plastic to create an identity card for the CIA, but he was struggling to combine the two components. When he mentioned the problem to his wife, who happened to be ironing clothing at the time, she suggested that he use the iron to melt the strip on. He tried it, and it worked. The magnetic stripe, when combined with point-of-sale devices and data networks, was one of the catalysts that accelerated the proliferation of credit card usage around the world, transforming commerce forever.
Featured: February 03, 2011
The First Salaried Workforce The First Salaried Workforce
Thomas Watson Sr. always believed in making his workers feel dignified. In 1934, he bucked a trend toward paying factory workers in piecework, instead paying by the hour. Continuing the tradition, in 1958 IBM became the first industrial organization to place all regular, hourly-rated domestic employees on a salary basis. This change in pay practice made all domestic employees part of same basic compensation plan, providing its workforce with economic stability and equality.
Featured: February 02, 2011
Optimizing the Food Supply Optimizing the Food Supply
IBM worked with the Danish government in 1988 to create a nationwide cattle registry. This National Cattle Database collected and managed a breadth of information on 1.2 million bovine animals—including yield, breeding abilities, herdbook, medical history and even udder size and shape. The database has enabled farmers to optimize the breeding and yield of every cow and provided the Danish government with the visibility and traceability critical to the export of agricultural products. IBM continues to help governments, farmers and fisheries around the world develop smarter food chains to maximize yield and ensure safety and quality.
Featured: February 01, 2011
The Floppy Disk The Floppy Disk
The IBM engineers who developed the floppy disk never could have dreamed that it would soon become instilled in the fabric of consumers' lives. It was originally designed for large-scale systems, as a more efficient form factor for IBM's System/370 mainframe data loads. But soon, the disk's small size and ever-increasing storage capabilities led to its adoption by smaller systems as well. Usable, durable and flexible, the floppy disk quickly became ubiquitous as the preferred storage medium for the emerging personal computer industry.
Featured: January 28, 2011
SAGE SAGE
The First National Air Defense Network
In the depths of the cold war, IBM was contracted to help safeguard the United States by building an air defense system known as the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE). When fully deployed in 1963, the system consisted of 27 centers throughout North America, each occupying an acre of floor space. SAGE was the first large computer network to provide man-machine interaction in real time. It provided the user with speed, altitude, and weapons availability data. Fortunately, while SAGE made available a number of formative computer technologies, much of its capabilities never had to be put into use.
Featured: January 26, 2011
IBM 1401: The Mainframe IBM 1401: The Mainframe
In 1959, IBM introduced the 1401, the first high-volume, stored-program, core-memory transistorized mainframe computer. Its versatility in running enterprise applications of all kinds helped it become the most popular computer model in the world in the early 1960s. IBM also introduced the 1403 chain printer, which launched the era of high-speed, high-volume impact printing. The 1403 was unsurpassed in quality until the advent of the laser printer in the 1970s. The 1401 was the first computer system in the world to reach 10,000 unit sales.
Featured: January 25, 2011
UPC UPC
The Transformation of Retail
The UPC barcode system came into being as the result of one man's breakthrough moment, while working under a dramatically tight deadline. This 1973 invention turned into one of the most profound contributions to industrial technology. A truly universal standard, the UPC is among the most recognized designs in history, and typically IBM: an elegantly simple matrix of information that can be customized for almost any type of transaction and can yield as much data as needed. For retailers, the UPC meant savings, better customer service, precise inventory control, and rich stores of marketing data. UPC changed the point-of-sale experience forever.
Featured: January 21, 2011
Patents and Innovation
By hiring engineer and inventor James W. Bryce in 1917, Thomas Watson Sr. showed his commitment to pure inventing. Bryce and his team established IBM as a long-term leader in the development and protection of intellectual property. By 1929, 90 percent of IBM's products were the result of Watson's investments in R&D. In 1940, the team invented a method for adding and subtracting using vacuum tubes—a basic building block of the fully electronic computers that transformed business in the1950s. This pattern—using innovation to create intellectual property—shaped IBM's history.
Access control | Access control table | Access method | Access path | Access rights | Accountability | ACK (acknowledgement) | Active recovery site (mirrored) | Active response | Address | Address space | Addressing | adjusting period | Administrative controls | allocation entry | Alpha | Analog | Anomaly | Anomaly detection | Anonymity | Anonymous File Transfer Protocol (FTP) | Antivirus software | Appearance | Appearance of independence | Applet | application | Application acquisition review | Application controls | Application development review | Application implementation review | Application layer | Application maintenance review | Application program | Application programming | Application programming interface (API) | Application proxy | application security | Application software tracing and mapping | Application system | Arithmetic-logic unit (ALU) | | ASP/MSP (application or managed service provider) | Assembler | Assembly language | Asymmetric key (public key) | Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) | Asynchronous transmission | Attest reporting engagement | Attitude | Attribute sampling | Audit | Audit accountability | Audit authority | Audit charter | Audit evidence | Audit expert systems | Audit objective | Audit plan | Audit program | Audit responsibility | Audit risk | Audit sampling | Audit trail | auditability | Authentication | authorization | Automated teller machine (ATM) | Availability | Backup | Bandwidth | Bar case | Bar code | Base case | Baseband | Batch control | Batch processing | Baud rate | | Binary code | Biometric locks | Biometrics | Black box testing | Blackbox testing | Border router | Bridge | Broadband | Brouters | Brute force | BSP (business service provider) | budget | budget formula | budget hierarchy | budget organization | Buffer | Bulk data transfer | Bus | Bus topology | Business impact analysis (BIA) | business process integrity | Business process reengineering (BPR) | Business risk | | Bypass label processing (BLP) | CAATs | Cadbury | Capacity stress testing | Card swipes | Cathode ray tube (CRT) | Central office (CO) | Central processing unit (CPU) | Centralized data processing | Certificate authority (CA) | Certificate Revocation List | Challenge/response token | Check digit | Check digit verification (self-checking digit) | Checkpoint restart procedures | Ciphertext | Circuit-switched network | Circular routing | Cleartext | Client-server | | Coaxial cable | COBIT® | COCO | Cohesion | Cold site | Combined Code on Corporate Governance | Communications controller | Comparison program | Compensating control | Completeness check | Compliance testing | Components (as in component-based development) | Comprehensive audit | Computationally greedy | Computer sequence checking | computer server | Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) | Computer-assisted audit technique (CAATs) | Concurrent access | Confidentiality | Console log | consumer | Content filtering | Continuity | Continuous auditing approach | Control group | Control objective | Control Objectives for Enterprise Governance | Control perimeter | Control risk | control risk self-assessment | Control section | Control weakness | Controls | corporate exchange rate | Corporate governance | Corrective controls | COSO | Coupling | Coverage | Credentialed analysis | credit risk | Criteria | Cross-certification | Cryptography | data analysis | Data communications | Data custodian | Data dictionary | Data diddling | Data Encryption Standard (DES) | data flow | data integrity | Data leakage | Data owner | Data security | Data structure | Database | Database administrator (DBA) | Database management system (DBMS) | Database replication | Database specifications | Datagram | Data-oriented systems development | DDoS (distributed denial-of-service) attack | Decentralization | Decision support systems (DSS) | Decoy server | Decryption | Decryption key | Default deny policy | Default password | Detailed IS ontrols | Detection risk | Dial-back | Dial-in access controls | Digital certificate | digital certification | Digital signature | Direct reporting engagement | Discovery sampling | Diskless workstations | Distributed data processing network | DMZ (demilitarized zone) | | DoS (denial-of-service) attack | Downloading | Downtime report | Dry-pipe fire extinguisher system | Due care | Due professional care | Dumb terminal | Duplex routing | Dynamic analysis | Echo checks | | Edit controls | Editing | Electronic cash | Electronic data interchange (EDI) | Electronic funds transfer (EFT) | Electronic signature | Electronic vaulting | E-mail/interpersonal messaging | Embedded audit module | Encapsulation (objects) | Encryption | Encryption key | End-user computing | Engagement letter | Enterprise governance | enterprise resource planning | error | Error risk | Ethernet | Evidence | Exception reports | Executable code | Expert systems | Exposure | Extended Binary-coded Decimal Interchange Code | Extensible Markup Language (XML) | External router | Fail-over | Fail-safe | False negative | False positive | Fault tolerance | Feasibility study | Fiber optic cable | Field | File | File layout | File server | Filtering router | FIN (final) | Financial audit | Finger | Firewall | Firmware | fiscal year | foreign exchange risk | Format checking | Fourth generation language (4GL) | Frame relay | Fraud risk | FTP (file transfer protocol) | Full duplex | Function point analysis | Gateway | General computer controls | Generalized audit software | Geographic disk mirroring | Half duplex | Handprint scanner | Harden | Hardware | Hash function | Hash total | Hexadecimal | Hierarchical database | Honey pot | Hot site | HTTP (hyper text transfer protocol) | HTTPS (hyper text transfer protocol secure) | Hub | hyperlink | hypertext | ICMP (internet control message protocol) | Idle standby | IDS (intrusion detection system) | Image processing | implementation life cycle review | Incremental testing | Independence | Independent appearance | Independent attitude | Indexed sequential access method (ISAM) | Indexed sequential file | Information engineering | Information processing facility (IPF) | Inherent risk | Inheritance (objects) | Initial program load (IPL) | Input controls | Integrated services digital network (ISDN) | Integrated test facilities (ITF) | Integrity | Intelligent terminal | interest rate risk | Interface testing | Internal control | Internal control structure | Internal penetrators | Internal storage | Internet | Internet banking | Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) | Internet Inter-ORB Protocol (IIOP) | Internet packet (IP) spoofing | intranet | Intrusion | Intrusion detection | Intrusive monitoring | IP (Internet protocol) | IPSec (Internet protocol security) | Irregularities | ISO17799 | ISP (Internet service provider) | IT governance | Job control language (JCL) | journal entry | Judgment sampling | L2F (Layer 2 forwarding) | L2TP (Layer 2 tunneling protocol) | Latency | LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) | Leased lines | legal risk | Librarian | Limit check | Link editor (linkage editor) | liquidity risk | Local area network (LAN) | Local loop | Log | Logical access controls | Logoff | Logon | Logs/Log file | Machine language | Magnetic card reader | Magnetic ink character recognition (MICR) | Management information system (MIS) | Man-in-the-middle attack | manual journal entry | Mapping | Masking | Masqueraders | Master file | Materiality | Memory dump | Message switching | Microwave transmission | Middleware | Misuse detection | Modem (modulator-demodulator) | Monetary unit sampling | Monitor | Monitoring policy | Multiplexing | Multiplexor | Mutual takeover | NAT (Network Address Translation) | Netware | Network | Network administrator | Network hop | Node | Noise | Non-intrusive monitoring | nonrepudiable trnasactions | Nonrepudiation | Normalization | Numeric check | Object code | Object Management Group (OMG) | Object orientation | Objectivity | object-oriented system development | Offline files | Offsite storage | Online data processing | Open systems | Operating system | Operating system audit trails | Operational audit | Operational control | operational risk | Operator console | Optical character recognition | Optical scanner | Output analyzer | Outsourcing | Packet | Packet filtering | Packet switching | Parallel simulation | Parallel testing | Parity check | Partitioned file | Passive assault | Passive response | Password | Password cracker | payment system | Penetration testing | Performance indicators | Performance testing | Peripherals | Permanent virtual circuit (PVC) | Personal identification number (PIN) | Pervasive IS controls | Piggy backing | Plaintext | Point-of-presence (POP) | Point-of-sale systems (POS) | Polymorphism (objects) | Population | Port | Posting | PPP (point-to-point protocol) | PPTP (point-to-point tunneling protocol) | Preventive controls | price risk | Privacy | Private key | Private key cryptosystems | Privilege | Procedure | Production programs | Production software | Professional competence | Program evaluation and review technique (PERT) | Program flowcharts | Program narratives | Project sponsor | Project team | Promiscuous mode | Protection domain | Protocol | Protocol converter | Protocol stack | Prototyping | Proxy server | Public key | Public key cryptosystem | Public key infrastructure | Queue | Quick ship | RADIUS | Random access memory (RAM) | Range check | rapid application development | Real-time analysis | Real-time processing | Reasonable assurance | Reasonableness check | Reciprocal agreement | Record | Record, screen and report layouts | Recovery point objective (RPO)- | Recovery testing | Recovery time objective (RTO) | Redo logs | Redundancy check | Reengineering | registration authority (RA) | Regression testing | Relevant audit evidence | Reliable audit evidence | Remote job entry (RJE) | Remote procedure calls (RPCs) | Repository | repudiation | reputational risk | Request for proposal (RFP) | Requirements definition | Residual risk | Reverse engineering | RFC (request for comments) | Ring topology | Risk | Risk assessment | Rootkit | Rotating standby | Rounding down | Router | RS-232 interface | RSA | Rulebase | Run instructions | Run-to-run totals | Sampling risk | Scheduling | Screening routers | secure socket layer (SSL) | Security administrator | Security management | Security perimeter | Security policy | Security software | Security testing | security/transaction risk | Segregation/separation of duties | Sequence check | Sequential file | Service bureau | Service level agreement (SLA) | Service provider | Service user | Shell | Signatures | Simple fail-over | Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) | Single point of failure | Smart card | SMTP (Simple Mail Transport Protocol) | Sniff | Sniffing | Software | Source code | Source code compare programs | Source documents | Source lines of code (SLOC) | Spanning port | Split data systems | Split DNS | Spoofing | Spool (simultaneous peripheral operations online) | Standing data | Star topology | Static analysis | Statistical sampling | strategic risk | Structured programming | Structured Query Language (SQL) | Subject matter | Substantive testing | Sufficient audit evidence | Surge suppressor | SWIFT | Switch | Symmetric key encryption | SYN (synchronize) | Synchronous transmission | System exit | System flowcharts | System narratives | System software | System testing | Systems acquisition process | Systems analysis | Systems development life cycle (SDLC) | Table look-ups | TACACS+ | Tape management system (TMS) | Taps | TCP (transmission control protocol) | TCP/IP protocol | Tcpdump | technical infrastructure security | Telecommunications | Teleprocessing | Telnet | Terminal | Terms of reference | Test data | Test generators | Test programs | Third-party review | Threat | Token | Token ring topology | Top-level management | Topology | Transaction | Transaction log | Transaction protection | Trap door | Trojan horse | Trust | Trusted processes | Trusted systems | Tuple | Twisted pairs | UDP (User Datagram Protocol) | Uninterruptible power supply (UPS) | Unit testing | Universal Description, Discovery and Integration | UNIX | Uploading | Useful audit evidence | Utility programs | Utility software | Vaccine | Validity check | Value-added network (VAN) | Variable sampling | Verification | virtual organizations | Virtual private network (VPN) | Virus | Voice mail | Vulnerabilities | vulnerability | Vulnerability analysis | War dialler | Warm-site | waterfall development | web page | Web Services Description Language (WSDL) | web site | Whitebox testing | Wide area network (WAN) | Windows NT | Wiretapping | World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) | Worm | X.25 | X.25 interface | X.500
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Ankola-Kaffee - "Java" - Indonesien - Kaffeeanbau in Asien
Kaffee wird im ganzen Inselstaat angebaut und "Java" steht für einen der grossen Namen des Kaffees. "Java" produziert einen aromatischen, säurearmen Kaffee, der von Natur aus mild und ausgewogen im Geschmack ist. Er ist etwas säurebetonter als Sumatra- oder Sulawesi-Kaffee und würziger im Geschmack. Die besten Plantagen sind Blawin, Jambit, Kayumas und Pankur. "Mokka Java" ist eine Mischung aus Java und jemenitischem Mokka.
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Der erste systematische Kaffee-Anbau der Sorte Arabica wurde im 15. Jahrhundert in Terrassengärten im Südjemen betrieben. Ab Mitte des 17. Jahrhunderts wurde die Monopolstellung der Araber beim Kaffee-Anbau durchbrochen und der Arabica-Kaffee verbreitete sich nach und nach über Sri Lanka, "Java" und Südamerika weltweit.
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1620 gründeten die Holländer ihre Plantagen in "JAVA"
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"Java Café" ist eine Mischung aus besten Arabica Rohkaffeesorten. Die sorgsam gerösteten, handverlesenen Arabica Bohnen erhalten in unserer Gourmet-Rösterei eine unverkennbare Note - exklusiv, edel und voll im Geschmack.
Kaffee ist mehr als ein Getränk - Kaffee bedeutet Genuss, Entspannung, Inspiration. Eine gehobene Gastronomie legt Wert auf Kaffee der Spitzenklasse. Als erfahrene Betreuer der Gastronomie haben wir uns eingehend mit den Wünschen echter Kaffeegenießer befasst. Das Ergebnis heisst "Java Café" - rein und ursprünglich wie das Paradies.
Indonesien
Kaffee wird im ganzen Inselstaat angebaut und "Java" steht für einen der grossen Namen des Kaffees. "Java" produziert einen aromatischen, säurearmen Kaffee, der von Natur aus mild und ausgewogen im Geschmack ist. Er ist etwas säurebetonter als Sumatra- oder Sulawesi-Kaffee und würziger im Geschmack. Die besten Plantagen sind Blawin, Jambit, Kayumas und Pankur. "Mokka Java" ist eine Mischung aus Java und jemenitischem Mokka.
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Nach der indonesischen Insel "Java" wird Arabica-Kaffee auch "Java-Bohne" genannt.
"Java Platform, Enterprise Edition" ("Java EE") is the standard in community-driven enterprise software. "Java EE" is developed using the Java Community Process, with contributions from industry experts, commercial and open source organizations, Java User Groups, and countless individuals. Each release integrates new features that align with industry needs, improves application portability, and increases developer productivity.
Today, "Java EE" offers a rich enterprise software platform and with over 20 compliant "Java EE" implementations to choose from.
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Using batch files
With "batch files", which are also called "batch programs" or "batch scripts", you can simplify routine or repetitive tasks. A "batch file" is an unformatted text file that contains one or more commands and has a ".bat" or ".cmd" file name extension. When you type the file name at the command prompt, "Cmd.exe" runs the commands sequentially as they appear in the file.
You can include any command in a batch file. Certain commands, such as "for", "goto", and "if", enable you to do conditional processing of the commands in the batch file. For example, the "if command" carries out a command based on the results of a condition. Other commands allow you to control input and output and call other batch files.
The standard error codes that most applications return are "0" if no error occurred and "1" (or higher value) if an error occurred. Please refer to your application help documentation to determine the meaning of specific error codes.
For more information about batch file operations, see the following topics:For more information about commands that you can use in batch files, click a command:
- • Using batch parameters
- • Using filters
- • Using command redirection operators
- • Call
- • Echo
- • Endlocal
- • For
- • Goto
- • If
- • Pause
- • Rem
- • Setlocal
- • Shift
Letzte Aktualisierung: Oktober 2010
Betrifft: Windows 7, Windows Server 2000, Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2003 R2, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows Vista
You can use the Windows command reference to familiarize yourself with new and enhanced command-line tools, to learn about the command shell, and to automate command-line tasks by using batch files or scripting tools.
The following sections contain information about the syntax and usage of the command line tools.
- A-Z List contains an alphabetical list of all of the commands
- Command-Line Syntax Key explains the formatting used in this reference
- Technologielisten contains lists of commands by their associated technology
A-Z List
Letzte Aktualisierung: Oktober 2010
Betrifft: Windows 7, Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2003 R2, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows Vista
Alphabetical listing of commands:
| Adprep | Append | Arp | Assoc | At | Attrib | Auditpol | Autochk | Autoconv | Autofmt | Bcdedit | Bitsadmin | Bootcfg | Break | Cacls | Call | Cd | Certreq | Certutil | Change | Chcp | Chdir | Chglogon | Chgport | Chgusr | Chkdsk | Chkntfs | Choice | Cipher | Clip | Cls | Cmd | Cmdkey | Color | Comp | Compact | Convert | Copy | Csvde | Date | Dcdiag | Dcpromo | Defrag | Del | Dfscmd | Dir | Dirquota | Diskcomp | Diskcopy | Diskedit | DiskPart | DiskRAID | Diskshadow | Dnscmd | Doskey | Driverquery | Dsacls | Dsadd | Dsamain | Dsdbutil | Dsget | Dsmgmt | Dsmod | Dsmove | Dsquery | Dsrm | Echo | Edit | Endlocal | Erase | Eventcreate | Exit | Extract | Fc | Filescrn | Find | Findstr | Flattemp | For | Forfiles | Format | Freedisk | Fsutil | Ftp | Ftype | Goto | Gpresult | Graftabl | Hashgen | Help | Icacls | If | Ipconfig | Irftp | Klist | Ktmutil | Ktpass | Label | Ldifde | Ldp | Logman | Logoff | Lpq | Lpr | mapadmin | Md | Mkdir | Mklink | Mode | More | Mount | Mountvol | Move | Msdt | Msg | Msiexec | Msinfo32 | Mstsc | Netdom | Netsh | Net computer | Net group | Net localgroup | Net print | Net user | Nfsadmin | Nfsshare | Nfsstat | Nlb | Nltest | Nslookup | Ntbackup | Ntdsutil | Openfiles | Path | Pause | Perfmon | Popd | Print | Prncnfg.vbs | Prndrvr.vbs | Prnjobs.vbs | Prnmngr.vbs | Prnport.vbs | Prnqctl.vbs | Prompt | Pubprn.vbs | Pushd | Qappsrv | Qprocess | Query | Quser | Qwinsta | Rasdial | Rcp | Rd | Rdpsign | Reagentc | Recover | Redircmp | Redirusr | Reg | Regsvr32 | Relog | Rem | Ren | Rename | Repadmin | Replace | Reset session | Rmdir | Robocopy | Rpcinfo | Rsh | Runas | Rundll32 | Rwinsta | Sc | Schtasks | Servermanagercmd | Set | Setlocal | Setspn | Setx | Shadow | Shift | Showmount | Shutdown | Sort | Start | Storrept | Subst | Systeminfo | Takeown | Taskkill | Tasklist | Telnet | Tftp | Time | Timeout | Title | Tlntadmn | Tracerpt | Tree | Tscon | Tsdiscon | Tskill | Tsprof | Type | Typeperf | Umount | Ver | Verify | Vol | Vssadmin | Waitfor | Wbadmin | Wdsutil | Wecutil | Wevtutil | Where | Whoami | Winsat | Wmic | Xcopy
Moore is widely known for "Moore's Law," in which he predicted that the number of transistors the industry would be able to place on a computer chip would double every couple of years. In 1995, he updated his prediction to once every two years. While originally intended as a rule of thumb in 1965, it has become the guiding principle for the industry to deliver ever-more-powerful semiconductor chips at proportionate decreases in cost.
Moore's Law soll noch 20 Jahre Gültigkeit behalten ... - ... meint zumindest Gordon Moore selbst
Vor 40 Jahren formulierte Intel-Mitbegründer "Gordon Moore" seine als "Moore's Law" bekannt gewordene Theorie, nach der sich die Zahl der Transistoren auf einem Halbleiter alle 18 Monate verdoppeln lässt. Nun bekräftigte Moore diese Aussage im Rahmen einer Telefonkonferenz.
Das mooresche Gesetz (englisch "Moore's law"; deutsch „Gesetz“ im Sinne von „Gesetzmäßigkeit“) sagt aus, dass sich die Komplexität integrierter Schaltkreise mit minimalen Komponentenkosten regelmäßig verdoppelt; je nach Quelle werden 12 bis 24 Monate als Zeitraum genannt.
Unter Komplexität verstand Gordon Moore, der das Gesetz 1965 formulierte, die Anzahl der Schaltkreiskomponenten auf einem Computerchip. Gelegentlich ist auch von einer Verdoppelung der Integrationsdichte die Rede, also der Anzahl an Transistoren pro Flächeneinheit. Dieser Technologiefortschritt bildet eine wesentliche Grundlage der „digitalen Revolution“.
Ursprünglich sprach Moore selbst von einer jährlichen Verdoppelung, korrigierte 1975 jedoch seine Angabe auf eine Verdoppelung alle zwei Jahre (siehe auch Wirth’sches Gesetz). Moores damaliger Intel-Kollege David House brachte 18 Monate als Abschätzung ins Spiel, was heute die verbreitetste Variante des mooreschen Gesetzes ist und auch den Rahmen bildet, an dem die Halbleiterindustrie ihre Entwicklungspläne auf mehrere Jahre hinaus festmacht. Real verdoppelt sich die Leistung neuer Computerchips im Mittel etwa alle 20 Monate.
Auf Intels Entwicklerforum (IDF) im Herbst 2007 sagte Moore das Ende seines Gesetzes voraus: Es werde wahrscheinlich noch 10 bis 15 Jahre Bestand haben, bis eine fundamentale Grenze erreicht sei. Allerdings prognostizierte Pat Gelsinger, Chef der Digital-Enterprise-Sparte von Intel, bereits ein halbes Jahr später, dass das mooresche Gesetz noch bis 2029 Gültigkeit behalten würde. Im Oktober 2009 erklärte Martin Strobel in seiner Funktion als Pressesprecher von Intel Deutschland im Detail, weshalb man zuversichtlich sei, „das mooresche Gesetz noch eine ganze Weile erfüllen zu können“.
Inhaltsverzeichnis...
- 1 Geschichte
- 2 Auslegung
- 3 Schreibweise
- 4 Rechenleistung
- 5 Technische Grenzen
- 6 Siehe auch
- 7 Literatur
- 8 Weblinks
- 9 Einzelnachweise
"nanoacre": A unit (about 2 mm square) of real estate on a VLSI chip. The term gets its giggle value from the fact that VLSI nanoacres have costs in the same range as real acres once one figures in design and fabrication-setup costs.
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"NanoBoard" is a registered trademark of Altium Limited.
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"NERD" - Derogatory term for a "computer geek"; has been adopted as a badge of honor for some. Reminds that no matter how cool the stuff we do with computers is, we're still geeks, so get over it.
[I just looked up the etymology of the word "nerd" in the dictionary, and my main conclusion was that etymologists must have a lot of spare time on their hands, because apparently there's this huge controversy over where this word came from, and the earliest reference is in a Dr. Seuss book, and then it became a slang term in the 1950s, and some people say it's a coincidence and others say there's some complicated relation, and all I can say is that it's just not that important, but these etymologists have enough time to learn UNIX security, and if they'd just read some books on TCP/IP, they could probably be really good hackers. Suggestion - if any evil foreign governments out there want to hire some people to train to be hackers, get etymologists. They have tolerance for the tremendously boring. That is all. End rant.]
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Quatre Saisons Blanc Mousseux, Perpetual White Moss, Rosier de Thionville, New White Cluster Moss, Laffay (FR) 1835 Bemooste Damascena-Hybride, Alte Rose weiß remontierend (der Name "Quatre Saisons" = "Vier Jahreszeiten"- ist von daher übertrieben), sehr starker Duft
"raster blaster" /n./ [Cambridge] Specialized hardware for bitblt operations (a blitter). Allegedly inspired by "Rasta Blasta", British slang for the sort of portable stereo Americans call a "boom box" or "ghetto blaster".
Featured: July 20, 2011 RISC Architecture RISC Architecture
The first prototype computer employing RISC (reduced instruction set computer) architecture was developed at IBM in 1980. By allowing commands to access previously unused memory space, RISC enabled computers to work approximately twice as fast as other machines on the same number of circuits. RISC was an important innovation in system design because it eliminated wasted space in the information pipeline, and was widely viewed as the dominant computing architecture of the future. Its creator, John Cocke, received for his efforts the US National Medal of Science (1994) and the US National Medal of Technology (1991).
reduced instruction set computer (RISC) | RISC
RISC | second generation RISC
Part of the RadeonTweaker program for adjusting ATI Radeon graphics cards. Allows you to adjust the gamma (or brightness) when playing a full-screen game without switching back to the desktop
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"Short cut" is from 1568.
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Die Warenwirtschaft EULANDA® unterstützt zur direkten Ansteuerung von Funktionen "Kurztasten" (= "Shortcuts"). Diese Tastenbezeichnungen sind in den verschiedenen Sprachen und Ländern unterschiedlich bezeichnet. Diese Tabelle listet die Kurztasten für die unterstützten Sprachen auf.
ENGLISH | CHINESE GB | DUTCH | FRENCH | GERMAN
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2. A "short cut" is a quicker way of getting somewhere than the usual route.
keyboard shortcut
A "keyboard shortcut" is a combination of keys that, when pressed simultaneously, perform some task that ordinarily requires use of a mouse or other input device and may take longer to do. In Windows XP, for example, pressing "Control-Alt-Delete" will bring up the task manager utility for application and system monitoring and control. Other popular keyboard shortcuts include "Control-C" (copy), "Control-P" (print), "Control-V" (paste), "Control-X" (cut), and "Control-Z" (undo).
shortcut
In general, a "shortcut" is a path that is shorter than the usual or formal path to something or a method of operation that saves time over the regular operation. In Windows 95 and later operating systems, a "shortcut" is a computer desktop icon that enables a user to easily see and select a particular program or data object. The operating system comes with some shortcuts already visible on the desktop. A user can remove these or add new ones.
To create a shortcut in Windows 95 or 98, click on My Computer, then click on your "C" drive (or other drive where your files may be). Find the folder or file that you want to put on your desktop, click on it with the right mouse button, and select Create Shortcut from the pop-up menu. A new icon will now appear in My Computer. Hold the left mouse button down and drag the new icon to your desktop (you may need to minimize the My Computer window to do this). Now your new file or program will always be visible for quick selection on your desktop without having to go through Start menus or the Windows file manager.
In the Macintosh operating system, a shortcut is called an "alias".
Ob Intel, ATI oder Microsoft, alle geben zukünftigen Produkten während der Entwicklung erst einmal einen Codenamen. Wir zeigen, wer und was hinter den teils merkwürdigen Namen steckt.
VON MIKE HARTMANN UND CHRISTIAN VILSBECK
Ob klangvolle Bezeichnungen wie "Montecito", biblische Namen wie "Isaiah" oder schlichte Modellnummern wie "R423", jeder Hersteller hat seine eigenen Vorlieben, mit denen er seine Produkte während der Entwicklungsphase belegt. Manchmal darf der Chefentwickler seiner Lieblingskneipe zu Ruhm und Ehre verhelfen, manchmal wird einfach nur lieblos durchnummeriert.
Doch während der Hersteller seine eigenen Codenamen leicht im Griff behält, verliert ein Außenstehender schnell den Überblick. Daher haben wir auf den folgenden Seiten die wichtigsten Codenamen zusammengestellt. Sortiert nach Gattungen und Herstellern finden Sie die technischen Spezifikationen und die geplanten Erscheinungstermine der zugehörigen Produkte. Wo es sinnvoll ist, bieten wir Ihnen auch Links zu weiter führenden Beiträgen.
IT-specific encyclopedia, definitions for thousands of the most current IT-related words, plus fast references: every file format in the world, chat acronyms, plus, plus ...
Definitions for thousands of the most current IT-related words.
A | A | AA | AAM | AAS | AB | ABF | ABK | ABK | ABM | ABO | ABS | AC$ | ABS | ABS | ACA | ACA | ACB | ACC | ACD | ACE | ACF | ACI | ACL | ACM | ACM | ACM | ACP | ACR | ACS | ACT | ACT | ACT | ACT | ACV | AD | ADB | ADB | ADC | ADD | ADF | ADI | ADL | ADM | ADM | ADN | ADP | ADP | ADP | ADR | ADR | ADS | ADT | ADT | ADX | ADX | ADX | ADZ | AE | AEP | AF2 | AF3 | AFC | AFI | AFM | AFM | AG | AI | AI | AIF | AIFC | AIFF | AIM | AIN | AIO | AIS | AIS | AIS | AIX | AKB | AKW | ALAW | ALIAS | ALB | ALI | ALL | ALL | ALS | ALT | AM | AMF | AMF | AMG | AMG | AMI | AMS | AMS | AMU | AN | ANC | ANI | ANM | ANN | ANS | ANT | AOM | AOM | AOS | AOT | AP | AP | APC | APC | APD | APD | APE | APE | APF | APF | API | API | APL | APL | APP | APP | APP | APP | APP | APP | APR | APR | APR | APS | APS | APT | APT | APX | APX | AQ | ARC | ARC | ARF | ARI | ARI | ARJ | ARK | ARL | ARR | ART | ART | ART | ART | ART | ART | ARX | ARX | AS | ASA | ASC | ASC | ASD | ASD | ASD | ASD | ASE | ASF | ASF | ASF | ASF | ASH | ASI | ASM | ASM | ASO | ASP | ASP | ASP | AST | AST | ASV | ASX | ASX | ASX | AT2 | ATM | ATT | ATW | AU | AU | AUD | AUP | AUX | AUX | AVA | AVG | AVB | AVI | AVR | AVS | AVS | AVX | AW | AW | AWD | AWE | AWK | AWM | AWR | AWS | AXL | AXT | AXX | A3L | A4L | A5L | A3M | A4M | A4P | A3W | A5W | B | BAD | BAK | BAL | BAND | BAR | BAS | BAT | BB | BBL | BBM | BBS | BCH | BCH | BCM | BCO | BCP | BCW | BDB | BDF | BDF | BDR | BEZ | BF2 | BFC | BFM | BFX | BG | BGA | BGI | BGL | BHF | BI | BIB | BIB | BIB | BIF | BIF | BIFF | BIN | BIO | | BK | BK | BK$ | BK! | BK1 | BK2 | BK3 | BK4 | BK5 | BK6 | BK7 | BK8 | BK9 | BKP | BKS | BKS | BKW | BLB | BLD | BLK | BLK | BM | BMA | BMF | BMF | BMK | BMP | BM1 | BN | BNK | BNK | BOL | BOM | BOO | BOOK | BOX | BPC | BPL | BPS | BPT | BPX | BQY | BR | BRD | BRK | BR0 | BRW | BRX | BRZ | BSA | BSC | BSC | BSC | BSP | BS1 | BS_ | BTM | BTR | BUD | BUG | BUN | BUP | BUT | BUY | BV1 | BV2 | BV3 | BV4 | BV5 | BV6 | BV7 | BV8 | BV9 | BW | BW | BWB | BWR | BWV | BYU | BZ | BZ2 | B1N | B30 | B4 | B8 | B_W | B&W | B&W | C | C | CA | CAB | CAC | CAD | CAG | CAL | CAL | CAL | CAM | CAN | CAP | CAP | CAP | CAR | CAS | CAT | CAT | CB | CBC | CBF | CBI | CBL | CBM | CBR | CBT | CBZ | CC3 | CCA | CCB | CCC | CCD | CCE | CCF | CCF | CCH | CCL | CCM | CCO | CCO | CCT | CDA | CDB | CDB | CDB | CDB | CDF | CDF | CDFS | CDI | CDK | CDM | CDM | CDM | CDR | CDR | CDR | CDT | CDT | CDX | CDX | CE | CEF | CEG | CEL | CEL | CER | CEX | CF | CFB | CFG | CFL | CFM | CFM | CFM | CFN | CFO | CFP | CGA | CGI | CGM | CH | CH | CH3 | CH4 | CHD | CHF | CHI | CHK | CHK | CHL | CHM | CHN | CHP | CHR | CHT | CHT | CHT | CIF | CIF | CIF | CIL | CIM | CIN | CIX | CK1 | CK2 | CK3 | CK4 | CK5 | CK6 | CKB | CKF | CL | CL3 | CLASS | CLC | CLG | CLL | CLO | CLP | CLP | CLP | CLR | CLR | CLS | CLS | CLX | CLX | CLX | CM | CMA | CMD | CMD | CMD | CMD | CMF | CFM | CMG | CMK | CMM | CMP | CMP | CMP | CMP | CMP | CMR | CMV | CMX | CMYK | CNC | CNF | CNM | CNQ | CNT | CNV | CNV | CNV | COB | COB | COD | COD | COD | COD | COE | COL | COL | COM | CON | CP | CP8 | CPD | CPD | CPD | CPE | CPF | CPF | CPH | CPI | CPI | CPJ | CPL | CPL | CPL | CPM | CPO | CPP | CPP | CPR | CPS | CPS | CPT | CPT | CPT | CPT | CPX | CPY | CPZ | CRC | CRC | CRD | CRF | CRH | CRP | CRP | CRP | CRS | CRT | CRT | CRT | CRU | CS1 | CS4 | CS16 | CSA | CSC | CSG | CSH | CSM | CSM | CSO | CSP | CSS | CSS | CSS | CST | CSV | CSV | CT | CT | CTB | CTC | CTF | CTL | CTL | CTX | CTX | CTX | CUE | CUE | CUE | CUL | CUR | CURSOR | CUT | CV | CV | CVG | CVS | CWK | CWS | CXT | CXX | CZIP | C-- | C00 | C01 | C86 | DAA | DAO | DAP | DAR | DAT | DAT | DAT | DAT | DAT | DB | DBC | DBF | DBF | DBF | DBK | DBK | DBO | DBQ | DBS | DBS | DBS | DBS | DBT | DBV | DBW | DBX | DBX | DBX | DC | DC2 | DCA | DCA | DCF | DCF | DCL | DCIM | DCM | DCP | DCR | DCS | DCS | DCS | DCT | DCT | DCT | DCU | DCX | DCX | DCX | DCX | DC5 | DD | DDB | DDF | DDI | DDIF | DDP | DEB | DEF | DEF | DEF | DEF | DEFI | DEM | DEM | DEM | DEP | DER | DEV | DEWF | DEZ | DFD | DFI | DFL | DFM | DFS | DFV | DGN | DGN | DGS | DH | DHP | DHT | DHS | DIA | DIB | DIC | DIC | DICM | DIF | DIF | DIF | DIF | DIG | DIG | DIP | DIR | DIR | DIR | DIR | DIS | DIS | DIS | DIZ | DJS | DJS | DJVU | DKB | DL | DLD | DLG | DLL | DLL | DLS | DLS | DLS | DMD | DMF | DMF | DMG | DMO | DMP | DMS | DOB | DOC | DOC | DOC | DOC | DOC | DOC | DOG | DOH | DOS | DOS | DOS | DOT | DOT | DOX | DOX | DOZ | DP | DP | DPL | DPR | DPT | DRA | DRAW | DRC | DRG | DRG | DRG | DRS | DRV | DRV | DRW | DRW | DRW | DRW | DS4 | DR9 | DS4 | DSC | DSD | DSF | DSG | DSK | DSK | DSM | DSM | DSM | DSN | DSN | DSN | DSP | DSP | DSP | DSQ | DSR | DSR | DSS | DSS | DST | DST | DSW | DSW | DSX | DT_ | DTA | DTA | DTD | DTED | DTF | DTF | DTM | DTP | DTP | DTP | DUN | DUP | DUS | DV | DVC | DVF | DVI | DVI | DVP | DVP | DW2 | DWC | DWD | DWF | DWF | DWG | DWG | DWH | DWI | DWP | DWS | DX | DXB | DXF | DXF | DXF | DXN | DXR | DYN | D2D | D64 | e00 | EASM | EBJ | ECW | ECW | ED5 | ED6 | EDA | EDB | EDE | EDD | EDK | EDQ | EDS | EDT | EDV | EEB | EFA | EFE | EFK | EFQ | EFS | EFT | EFV | EFX | EFX | EGA | EGM | EL | ELC | ELM | ELT | EMAIL | EMB | EMD | EMF | EML | EMS | EMU | EMZ | ENC | ENC | ENC | END | ENFF | ENG | ENG | ENV | ENV | EPD | EPHTML | EPI | EPRT | EPS | EPS | EPS2 | EPS | EPSF | EPSI | EQN | ER1 | ERD | ERM | ERR | ERR | ERX | ESH | ESL | ESPS | EST | EST | ESU | ET | ETH | ETX | EUI | EVT | EVY | EWD | EWL | EXT2 | EXT3 | EX3 | EXC | EXC | EXC | EXE | EXP | EXT | EZP | E00 | F | F | FAC | FAQ | FAR | FAS | FAS | FAV | FAX | FBK | FC | FCD | FCM | FD | FD | FDB | FDF | FDW | FEB | FEM | FES | FF | FFA | FFF | FFF | FFL | FFL | FFO | FFT | FFX | FH3 | FH4 | FH9 | FI | FIF | FIG | FIL | FIL | FIL | FILE | FIN | FIT | FIT | FITS | FITS | FIX | FKY | FLA | FLAC | FLB | FLC | FLD | FLD | FLF | FLF | FLI | FLI | FLF | FLL | FLM | FLO | FLP | FLP | FLP | FLP | FLP | FLP | FLP | FLS | FLT | FLT | FLT | FLT | FLT | FLT | FLV | FLW | FLX | FM | FM | FM1 | FM3 | FM3 | FMB | FMB | FMF | FMK | FML | FMO | FMP | FMT | FMT | FMT | FMT | FMX | FN3 | FNC | FNC | FND | FNG | FNK | FNT | FNX | FO1 | FO2 | FOG | FOL | FON | FON | FON | FON | FOR | FOR | FOT | FOT | FP | FP | FP1 | FP3 | FP5 | FPC | FPT | FPT | FPW | FPX | FR3 | FRF | FRG | FRK | FRM | FRM | FRM | FRM | FRM | FRM | FRO | FRP | FRS | FRT | FRX | FRX | FSF | FSL | FSL | FSL | FSM | FST | FSX | FT | FTB | FTF | FTG | FTM | FTP | FTS | FTW | FW | FW2 | FW3 | FW4 | FWB | FWP | FWS | FX | FXD | FXP | FXS | FZB | FZF | FZV | F01 | F06 | F07 | F08 | F09 | F10 | F11 | F12 | F13 | F14 | F15 | F16 | F2R | F3R | F77 | F90 | F96 | G | GAL | GAM | GB | GBC | GBL | GC1 | GC3 | GCD | GCP | GDB | GDF | GDM | GED | GED | GED | GED | GEM | GEM | GEN | GEN | GEO | GetRight | GFB | GFC | GFI | GFT | GFX | GHO | GHS | GIB | GID | GIF | GIM | GIW | GIX | GKH | GKS | GL | GBL | GBM | GLB | GLB | GLM | GLS | GLY | GMF | GMP | GMP | GMR | GNA | GNO | GNT | GNX | GOC | GOH | GP | GP3 | GPH | GPK | GPP | GR2 | GRA | GRA | GRB | GRD | GRF | GRF | GRM | GRM | GRP | GRP | GRY | GS1 | GSD | GSM | GSM | GSM | GSM | GSP | GSP | GSW | GTH | GTH | GTK | GT2 | GUP | GVL | GVP | GWI | GWP | GWX | GWZ | GXL | GZ | G721 | G723 | G8 | H | HA | HAM | HAM | HAP | HBI | HBK | HBK | HCM | HCOM | HCR | HDF | HDF | HDF | HDF | HDF | HDL | HDR | HDR | HDR | HDR | HDW | HDX | HDX | HED | HEL | HEX | HFI | HGL | HH | HH | HHH | HHP | HIT | HLB | HLP | HLP | HMI | HMM | HMP | HNC | HOG | HOG | HOG | HOT | HP8 | HPC | HPF | HPF | HPG | HPG | HPI | HPJ | HPK | HPM | HPM | HPP | HPP | HQX | HRF | HRM | HS2 | HSC | HSI | HST | HST | HT | HTA | HTC | HTM | HTML | HTT | HTX | HWD | HWP | HXM | HXM | HXX | HY1 | HY2 | HYC | HYD | HYM | HYP | H! | H++ | H-- | I | I00 | IAN | IAX | IBM | ICA | ICA | ICB | ICC | ICC | ICD | ICL | ICM | ICN | ICO | ICS | ID | IDB | IDD | IDE | IDF | IDIF | IDL | IDQ | IDW | IDX | IDX | IDX | IDX | IDX | IFD | IFD | IFF | IFF | IFO | IFO | IFP | IFS | IFS | IFS | IGES | IGF | IIF | IIM | ILB | ILBM | ILK | IM8 | IMA | IMA | IMF | IMG | IMG | IMP | IMQ | IMR | IMS | IN$ | IN3 | INB | INC | IND | IND | INDD | INF | INF | INF | INI | INI | INI | INK | INL | INP | INRS | INS | INS | INS | INS | INS | INS | INS | INS | INT | INT | INX | IO | IOB | IOC | IOF | ION | IPL | IPS | IQY | ISO | IRS | ISD | ISH | ISO | ISP | IST | ISU | IT | ITF | IT | ITI | ITS | ITS | IV | IVD | IVP | IVT | IVX | IW | IW | IWA | IWC | IWM | IWP | IZT | J62 | JAD | JAR | JAS | JBD | JBF | JBX | JCP | JCW | JDF | JFF | JIF | JFIF | JMG | JMP | JN1 | JNB | JNT | JOB | JOR | JOU | JPC | JPE | JPEG | JPG | JPG2 | JS | JSD | JSM | JSM | JSM | JSP | JTF | JTF | JTF | JTK | JTP | JW | JWL | JXX | JZZ | K25 | KAR | KB | KB | KBD | KBM | KCL | KDC | KEX | KEY | KEY | KEY | KEY | KFX | KIZ | KKW | KMD | KMP | KMS | KMV | KMZ | KOS | KPL | KPP | KPS | KQP | KR1 | KRZ | KSF | KSF | KYB | KYE | L | L | L | LAB | LAB | LAB | LAN | LAY | LAY | LBG | LBL | LBL | LBL | LBM | LBM | LBO | LBR | LBR | LBT | LBX | LCF | LCH | LCK | LCL | LCN | LCS | LCW | LD | LD1 | LDB | LDF | LDIF | LDL | LDS | LEG | LES | LET | LET | LET | LET | LEV | LEX | LFD | LFP | LFT | LFT | LG | LGC | LGD | LGO | LGO | LGO | LHA | LHA | LHW | LIB | LIF | LIF | LIM | LIN | LIN | LIS | LIS | LIT | LIX | LJ | LK | LKO | LL3 | LLX | LNK | LNK | LNK | LNT | LOD | LOG | LOK | LP | LPC | LPD | LPI | LRC | LRC | LRF | LRS | LSF | LSL | LSL | LSP | LSS | LST | LST | LST | LST | LTM | LU | LVL | LWA | LWD | LWF | LWLO | LWO | LWOB | LWP | LWSC | LWZ | LYR | LZD | LZH | LZS | LZS | LZW | LZX | M | M | M | M11 | M1U | M1V | M2P | M3 | M3D | M3U | M4 | M4A | M4A | M4B | M4P | M_U | MA3 | MAC | MAC | MAD | MAF | MAG | MAG | MAGIC | MAI | MAK | MAK | MAM | MAN | MAN | MAP | MAP | MAP | MAP | MAP | MAP | MAP | MAP | MAQ | MAR | MAR | MAS | MAT | MAT | MAUD | MAX | MAX | MAX | MAX | MAZ | MAZ | MB | MB1 | MBK | MBOX | MBX | MCC | MCC | MCD | MCF | MCF | MCI | MCP | MCP | MCP | MCR | MCW | MCW | MD | MDA | MDA | MDB | MDE | MDF | MDI | MDI | MDI | MDI | MKP | MDL | MDL | MDL | MDL | MDL | MDM | MDN | MDT | MDT | MDW | MDX | MDZ | ME | MEB | MED | MED | MEM | MEM | MEM | MEM | MEQ | MER | MER | MES | MES | MET | MET | MET | MEU | MEX | MEX | MF | MFG | MGF | MGF | MHP | MHT | MHTM | MHTML | MI | MI | MIC | MID | MIF | MIFF | MII | MIM | MIME | MIX | MIX | MIX | MIX | MIX | MJF | MK | MKE | MKI | MKP | MKS | ML3 | MLB | MLI | MLID | MLM | MM | MMAP | MMC | MME | MMF | MMF | MMG | MML | MMM | MMM | MMO | MMP | MMP | MN2 | MN3 | MND | MND | MNG | MNG | MNI | MNT | MNU | MNU | MNU | MNU | MNU | MNX | MNX | MNY | MOB | MOD | MOD | MOD | MOD | MOD | MOF | MON | MOV | MOV | MOZ | MP2 | MP4A | MPA | MPC | MPD | MPE | MPEG | MPG | MPM | MPP | MPP | MPQ | MPR | MPT | MPV | MPX | MPX | MPZ | MRB | MRI | MRS | MSA | MSC | MSC | MSD | MSDL | MSF | MSG | MSI | MSN | MSN | MSP | MSP | MSS | MSS | MSS | MSS | MST | MST | MST | MSV | MSW | MSX | MTH | MTM | MTW | MTX | MU | MUL | MUS | MUS | MUS | MUS10 | MV | MVA | MVB | MVC | MVE | MVF | MVI | MVL | MVL | MVW | MWF | MWP | MXD | MXT | MYP | NAN | NAP | NAP | NB | NC | NCB | NCC | NCD | NCF | NCF | NCH | NCO | NDB | NDB | NDO | NDX | NDX | NDX | NEO | NES | NET | NET | netCDF | NEW | NEZ | NFF | NFO | NFO | NFT | NG | NIL | NIST | NLB | NLM | NLO | NLS | NLU | NLX | NOD | NP | NP | NPI | NRF | NRG | NRI | NRL | NRL | NSF | NSO | NST | NSV | NS2 | NS3 | NS4 | NT | NTF | NTR | NTS | NTS | NTX | NUF | NWC | NWS | NXT | O | O | O | OAS | OAZ | OB | OBD | OBD | OBJ | OBR | OBS | OBV | OBZ | OCF | OCR | OCX | ODC | ODG | ODI | ODIF | ODIF | ODL | ODP | ODS | ODS | ODT | OFD | OFF | OFN | OFT | OGG | OGM | OKR | OKT | OLB | OLB | OLD | OLE | OLI | OMC | OMF | OO1 | OOGL | OOM | OPJ | OPL | OPN | OPO | OPT | OPT | OPW | OPX | OPX | OPX | ORA | ORC | ORG | OR2 | OR3 | ORA | OSS | OST | OTG | OTI | OTL | OTL | OTL | OTT | OTX | OUT | OV | OV1 | OV2 | OVD | OVL | OVR | O$$ | P | P | P | PA | PA1 | PAB | PAC | PAC | PAD | PAF | PAK | PAK | PAL | PAL | PAN | PAQ | PAR | PAR | PAR | PART | PART | PART | PAS | PAT | PAT | PAT | PAT | PB | PB | PB | PB1 | PBA | PBD | PBD | PBF | PBI | PBI | PBK | PBL | PBL | PBM | PBM | PBN | PBO | PBR | PBT | PC | PC3 | PC8 | PCB | PCC | PCD | PCD | PCE | PCF | PCH | PCH | PCI | PCJ | PCK | PCL | PCM | PCM | PCP | PCS | PCS | PCT | PCW | PCX | PDA | PDB | PDB | PDB | PDB | PDD | PDF | PDF | PDF | PDF | PDL | PDM | PDP | PDQ | PDS | PDS | PDS | PDS | PDS | PDS | PDT | PDV | PDW | PDX | PDX | PDX | PDX | PE3 | PE3 | PE4 | PEB | PED | PEM | PEQ | PER | PES | PET | PF | PF | PFA | PFB | PFC | PFC | PFC | PFD | PFF | PFK | PFM | PFS | PFT | PG | PGI | PGL | PGM | PGM | PGN | PGP | PGS | PH | PH | PH | PH | PHN | PHN | PHO | PHR | PHR | PHS | PHTML | PHTML | PI1 | PI2 | PI3 | PIC | PIC | PIC | PIC | PIC | PICT | PIF | PIF | PIF | PIF | PIG | PIN | PIN | PINS | PIX | PIX | PJ | PJ | PJT | PJT | PJX | PK | PKA | PKG | PKG | PKR | PKT | PL | PL | PL | PL | PL | PL1 | PL3 | PLB | PLC | PLG | PLI | PLL | PLM | PLN | PLR | PLS | PLS | PLS | PLT | PLT | PLT | PLT | PLT | PLY | PLY | PM | PM | PM3 | PM4 | PM5 | PM6 | PMC | PMD | PMM | PN3 | PNG | PNG | PNG | PNG | PNM | PNT | PNT | PNT | PNTG | POG | POH | POL | POL | POP | POP | POT | POV | POW | PP | PP4 | PPA | PPB | PPD | PPF | PPI | PPL | PPM | PPO | PPP | PPP | PPS | PPS | PPS | PPS | PPT | PPX | PQB | PR2 | PR2 | PR3 | PR3 | PRC | PRD | PRE | PRE | PRE | PREL | PRF | PRF | PRF | PRF | PRF | PRG | PRG | PRG | PRI | PRJ | PRM | PRM | PRN | PRND | PRN | PRN | PRN | PRO | PRO | PRO | PRO | PRP | PRS | PRS | PRS | PRT | PRT | PRT | PRT | PRT | PRV | PRX | PRZ | PS | PSA | PSB | PSD | PSE | PSF | PSI | PSM | PSM | PSM | PSP | PSP | PSR | PST | PT3 | PT3 | PT4 | PTB | PTB | PTB | PTD | PTD | PTF | PTF | PTL | PTM | PTM | PTN | PTR | PTX | PUB | PUB | PUB | PUD | PUT | PVD | PVL | PVT | PW | PWD | PWL | PWP | PWP | PWZ | PX | PXW | PXL | PY | PY | PYC | PZD | PZO | PZP | PZS | PZT | PZX | P3 | P10 | P16 | P22 | P65 | P7C | QAD | QAG | QAP | QBE | QBE | QBO | QBS | QBM | QBW | QCP | QD0 | QD1 | QD2 | QD3 | QD3D | QD4 | QD5 | QD6 | QD7 | QD8 | QD9 | QDF | QDK | QDT | QDV | QEF | QEL | QFL | QFX | QIC | QIF | QIF | QLB | QLB | QLC | QLP | QM | QM4 | QPR | QPR | QPX | QQT | QRP | QRP | QRS | QRT | QRY | QRY | QSD | QST | QT | QTI | QTIF | QTM | QTP | QTS | QTS | QTX | QUE | QUE | QW | QWK | QXD | QXL | QXP | QXT | R | R | RA | RAD | RAM | RAO | RAR | RAR | RAS | RAT | RAV | RAV | RAW | RAW | RAW | RBF | RBH | RC | RC | RC | RCG | RD1 | RDF | RDF | RDF | RDI | RDL | RDX | RDZ | REC | REC | REC | REC | RED | REF | REG | REG | REG | REM | REP | REP | REP | REP | REP | REQ | RES | RES | RES | REV | REX | REX | REZ | RF | RFT | RGB, | RGX | RH | RI | RIB | RIC | RIF | RIF | RIP | RIX | RL1 | RL2 | RL4 | RL8 | RLA | RLB | RLC | RLE | RLZ | RM | RMB | RMD | RMF | RMF | RMI | RMK | RMVB | RPS | RN | RND | RNO | ROL | ROV | ROQ | RPD | RPL | RPL | RPM | RPT | RRS | RS | RSB | RSC | RSL | RSM | RSP | RS_ | RTC | RTF | RTF | RTL | RTM | RTK | RTL | RTP | RTS | RTS | RTS | RUL | RUN | RVP | RVW | RWS | RWX | RXX | R8 | R8P | S | S | SAI | SAL | SAM | SAM | SAR | SAS | SAS7BCAT | SAS7BDAT | SAS7BNDX | SAV | SAV | SAV | SAVE | SB | SBD | SBD | SBF | SBI | SBK | SBL | SBP | SBP | SBQ | SBR | SBT | SBV | SB! | SC | SC | SC2 | SC2 | SC3 | SC3 | SC3 | SC4 | SC7 | SCA | SCC | SCC | SCD | SCD | SCD | SCF | SCF | SCF | SCH | SCH | SCI | SCI | SCI | SCM | SCM | SCN | SCN | SCN | SCO | SCP | SCP | SCR | SCR | SCR | SCR | SCR | SCR | SCT | SCT | SCT | SCT01 | SCTP | SCV | SCX | SCX | SCX | SCX | SCY | SD | SD2 | SD2 | SD7 | SDA | SDC | SDD | SDF | SDI | SDK | SDL | SDN | SDP | SDPC | SDR | SDS | SDT | SDV | SDW | SDW | SDX | SEA | SEC | SEC | SED | SEL | SEP | SEP | SEQ | SEQ | SES | SES | SESSION | SET | SET | SET | SET | SEW | SF | SF | SF2 | SF2 | SFD | SFI | SFI | SFI | SFI | SFK | SFL | SFL | SFL | SFN | SFP | SFP | SFP | SFR | SFS | SFT | SFT | SFW | SFX | SG | SG1 | SGF | SGF | SGI | SGI | SGML | SGP | SGT | SH | SH | SH3 | SHB | SHB | SHG | SHK | SHK | SHM | SHN | SHP | SHP | SHP | SHP | SHR | SHS | SHT | SHTML | SHW | SHW | SHW | SHX | SHX | SIF | SIG | SIG | SIG | SIK | SIK | SIT | SIZ | SIZED | SKA | SKF | SKL | SL | SL | SLB | SLC | SLD | SLDASM | SLDDRW | SLDPRT | SLI | SLK | SLL | SLT | SM | SM | SM | SM | SM | SM3 | SMD | SMF | SMK | SMK | SMK | SMM | SMP | SMP | SMS | SMT | SMT | SMW | SMZIP | SNA | SND | SND | SND | SND | SNDR | SNDT | SNG | SNG | SNM | SNO | SNP | SNP | SO | SOL | SOM | SOM | SON | SOU | SP | SP2 | SP3 | SP4 | SPA | SPC | SPC | SPD | SPD | SPD | SPF | SPG | SPI | SPI | SPL | SPL | SPL | SPL | SPL | SPL | SPL | SPM | SPP | SPPACK | SPR | SPR | SPR | SPRITE | SPS | SPS | SPT | SPT | SPU | SPW | SPX | SPZ | SQC | SQL | SQL | SQP | SQR | SQZ | SPZ | SRE | SRF | SRM | SRP | SRZ | SS | SS4 | SS5 | SSA | SSD | SSD01 | SSD | SSF | SSP | SSV | ST | ST | ST | ST | STA | STA | STB | STD | STD | STD | STF | STL | STM | STM | STM | STM | STO | STP | STQ | STR | STR | STS | STS | STT | STY | STW | STW | STX | STX | STY | SUI | SUM | SUN | SUP | SVD | SVF | SVG | SVG | SVG | SVP | SVS | SVX | SVX | SVY | SW | SWA | SWF | SWG | SWP | SWP | SWP | SXC | SXD | SXW | SY1 | SY3 | SYD | SYLK | SYM | SYM | SYM | SYN | SYN | SYS | SYS | SYS | SYS | SYS | SYW | SYW | S3I | S3M | S$$ | T | T | T | TAB | TAB | TAG | TAH | TAL | TAR | TAR | TAZ | TAZ | TAZ | TB1 | TB2 | TBF | TBK | TBK | TBK | TBK | TBL | TBL | TBO | TBS | TBX | TC | TC | TCF | TCH | TCL | TCW | TD | TD0 | TD2 | TD4 | TDB | TDB | TDDD | TDF | TDF | TDH | TDK | TDS | TDW | TEF | TEL | TEM | TEM | TEX | TEX | TEX | TF | TFA | TFC | TFH | TFM | TFM | TFM | TFS | TFW | TG1 | TGA | TGA | TGA | TGQ | TGV | TGZ | THAI | THEME | THM | THN | THS | TIF | TIFF | TIG | TIL | TIM | TIS | TJF | TLB | TLB | TLB | TLB | TLC | TLE | TLP | TLX | TMD | TMF | TMO | TMP | TMS | TNV | TOC | TOL | TORRENT | TOS | TOS | TP | TP | TP4 | TPB | TPF | TPH | TPL | TPL | TPL | TPL | TPL | TPP | TPP | TPU | TPU | TPV | TPW | TPW | TPW | TPX | TPZ | TPZ | TP3 | TR | TR2 | TRA | TRC | TRE | TRK | TRIF | TRM | TRM | TRN | TRN | TRS | TRW | TS | TSH | TSK | TST | TSV | TTF | TTK | TTO | TUB | TUV | TV | TV1 | TV2 | TV3 | TV4 | TV5 | TV6 | TV7 | TV8 | TV9 | TVF | TWF | TWW | TX8 | TXB | TXF | TXF | TXF | TXI | TXT | TXW | TYM | TZ | TZB | T2T | T44 | T64 | U | UAP | UB | UC2 | UCN | UDF | UDF | UDW | UE2 | UFO | UG | UHS | UI | UI | UIF | UIH | UL | ULAW | ULD | ULT | UMB | UNI | UNI | UNX | UPD | UPD | UPI | UPO | UPX | URF | USA | USE | USP | USR | USR | USR | USR | UU | UU | UUE | UUE | UW | UWF | V | V | VAL | VAL | VAL | VAN | VAP | VAR | VAR | VBA | VBP | VBR | VBS | VBW | VBX | VBX | VC | VC | VCB | VCE | VCE | VCF | VCF | VCF | VCT | VCW | VCX | VDA | VDA | VDR | VDX | VDX | VDX | VEL | VEW | VEW | VFL | VF | VFM | VFN | VGA | VGA | VGD | VGR | VI | VI | VIC | VID | VID | VID | VID | VIF | VIFF | VIK | VIR | VIS | VIV | VIZ | VLB | VLM | VM | VMC | VMD | VMF | VMF | VML | VMS | VNC | VO | VOB | VOC | VOC | VOC | VOF | VOX | VOX | VOX | VP | VPG | VQA | VQE | VQF | VQL | VRF | VRM | VRML | VRP | VRS | VS | VSD | VSL | VSM | VSN | VSP | VSP | VSS | VSS | VST | VST | VSW | VUE | VUE | VUE | VW | VWP | VWP | VWR | VXD | V8 | W | W30 | W30 | W31 | W3L | W44 | WAB | WAD | WAL | WAS | WAV | WAX | WB1 | WB2 | WB3 | WBC | WBF | WBK | WBL | WBR | WBT | WBT | WBZ | WCD | WCF | WCM | WCM | WCP | WD1 | WD2 | WDB | WDF | WDG | WDM | WEB | WEB | WFB | WFD | WFD | WFL | WFM | WFN | WFP | WFT | WFX | WG1 | WG2 | WGP | WI | WID | WIF | WIL | WIM | WIN | WIN | WIN | WIS | WIZ | WIZ | WK1 | WK3 | WK4 | WKB | WKE | WKQ | WKS | WKS | WKS | WKS | WLD | WLF | WLK | WLL | WMA | WMC | WMC | WMC | WMF | WMV | WMZ | WN | WNF | WOA | WOC | WORKFLOW | WOW | WP | WPA | WP4 | WP5 | WP6 | WPD | WPD | WPF | WPF | WPF | WPG | WPG | WPK | WPM | WPS | WPS | WPT | WPW | WQ! | WQ1 | WQ2 | WR1 | WR1 | WRAP | WRD | WRG | WRI | WRK | WRK | WRL | WRP | WRP | WRS | WRZ | WS | WS1 | WS2 | WS3 | WS4 | WS5 | WS6 | WS7 | WSD | WSP | WST | WSZ | WTA | WV | WVL | WVW | WWB | WWK | WWL | WXD | WXP | X | X | XAR | XBM | XCF | XCI | XDL | XEF | XEM | XEP | XES | XET | XEV | XEZ | XFD | XFN | XFN | XFT | XFT | XFX | XHTML | XI | XI | XIF | XIF | XIF | XIF | XLA | XLA | XLB | XLB | XLC | XLD | XLK | XLL | XLL | XLM | XLR | XLS | XLT | XLT | XLT | XLT | XLV | XLW | XM | XMI | XML | XNF | XNK | XON | XPM | XQT | XQT | XXX | XR1 | XRF | XSX | XTB | XTP | XWD | XWF | XWK | XWP | XWP | XWS | XX | XXE | XY | XY3 | XY4 | XYP | XYW | X01 | X02 | X03 | X04 | X05 | X06 | X07 | X08 | X09 | X16 | X32 | Y | Y | YAL | YBK | YUV | YZ | Y01 | Y02 | Y03 | Y04 | Y05 | Y06 | Y07 | Y08 | Y09 | Z | Z | ZAP | ZAP | ZDG | XDP | ZER | ZGM | ZIP | ZOM | ZOO | ZVD | Z3 | 000 | 000-20009 | 1ST | 001-999 | 8 | 113 | 12M | 123 | 1PH | 1-STEP | 2D | 2GR | 386 | 3D | 3DM | 3DS | 3DT | 411 | 4GE | 4GL | 4V | 669 | 669 | 7 | 7Z | #01 | $$$ | ~PR | ~$~ | ~AP | ~DE | ~MN | @@@
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The prefix "tera-" is even more unusual; it comes from Greek "teras" = "monster", and does not even suggest its meaning here, "trillion". The Greek word came from an old PIE verb meaning "do", "make", the same root that gave Sanskrit "karma" = "act", "deed".
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The four tiers, as classified by The Uptime Institute include the following:...
- Tier 1: composed of a single path for power and cooling distribution, without redundant components, providing 99.671% availability.
- Tier II: composed of a single path for power and cooling distribution, with redundant components, providing 99.741% availability
- Tier III: composed of multiple active power and cooling distribution paths, but only one path active, has redundant components, and is concurrently maintainable, providing 99.982% availability
- Tier IV: composed of multiple active power and cooling distribution paths, has redundant components, and is fault tolerant, providing 99.995% availability.
How Ubiquitous Networking Will Work
Inside this ArticleMobile computing devices have changed the way we look at computing. Laptops and personal digital assistants (PDAs) have unchained us from our desktop computers. A group of researchers at AT&T Laboratories Cambridge are preparing to put a new spin on mobile computing. In addition to taking the hardware with you, they are designing a "ubiquitous networking system" that allows your program applications to follow you wherever you go.
- Introduction to How Ubiquitous Networking Will Work
- Send Out the Bat Signal
- In the Zone
- Information Hoppers and Smart Posters
- Lots More Information
- See all Networking articles
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If there's nothing different about UNIX people, how come so many were liberal-arts majors?
It's the love of words that makes UNIX stand out.
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A set of algorithms for converting files into a series of 7-bit ASCII characters that can be transmitted over the Internet. Originally, "uuencode" stood for "Unix-to-Unix encode", but it has since become a universal protocol used to transfer files between different platforms such as Unix, Windows, and Macintosh. Uuencoding is especially popular for sending e-mail attachments. Nearly all e-mail applications support uuencoding for sending attachments and uudecoding for receiving attachments.
Another popular encoding algorithm is BinHex, which is often used for transferring Macintosh files, such as PICT graphics files.
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When did version numbers come into use?
I wish I could tell you - actually, I’m hoping that someone reading this will be able to. I do know that the FORTRAN II programming language came along in 1958, so software developers having been using numbers to keep track of software versions for more than half a century. By the early 1970s, Unix’s developers were keeping track of its evolution using “edition” numbers - second edition, third edition, and so on - which referred to the revisions to the Unix manual.
I’m not sure if there was a period when version numbers weren’t widely used for personal computer software, but if so, it wasn’t long. When I got into computers in 1978, standard version numbers and point releases (such as Radio Shack’s famously unusable TRS-DOS 2.1) were already part of the culture.
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Alles zu Windows Vista von Markus Pilzweger
11.10.2007, 09:55 Uhr
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Die PC-WELT steht Ihnen mit Rat und Tat zur Seite. Bei uns finden Sie alles, was rund um Vista wichtig ist. Wie wird das System optimal eingerichtet? Wie wird Vista abgesichert? Oder wie erstellen Sie eine Vista-Setup-DVD? Diese Fragen und noch viel mehr beantworten wir Ihnen in den folgenden Ratgebern zu Windows Vista.
- Vista - Tipps für Umsteiger
- Vista optimal einrichten
- Vista optimieren und Probleme lösen
- Vista - Richtig loslegen
- Neu: Mehr Sicherheit und Komfort unter Vista
- Eigene Setup-DVDs für Vista
- Die 40 besten Vista-Gadgets im Überblick
- 48 Werkzeuge: Vista Schaltzentrale im Detail
- Windows Vista & Co.: Die nützlichsten Hotkeys
- Vista Systemanpassung: 10 Quick-Tipps
- Vista: Probleme mit Treibern lösen
- Diese Software gibt es in Vista
- Das Maximum aus Windows Vista herausholen
- Vista: Systembremsen lösen
- Netzwerken mit Vista
- Vista für Notebooks
- Die Spiele in Windows Vista
Vista glossary
So many terms, so little time! Vista was released in January 2007 with new features, new versions, new abilities - and new names for those things that were already familiar. Our glossary can help you figure out what's what in Windows Vista in short order.
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Have you ever wondered how the chips inside your computer work? How they process information and run programs? Are you maybe a bit let down by the low resolution of chip photographs on the web or by complex diagrams that reveal very little about how circuits work? Then you've come to the right place!
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You can see this operation right now in your browser (except for Internet Explorer) with our interactive "JavaScript simulation". We suggest a fast computer and lots of memory for this version.
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This simulator uses HTML5 features only found on the latest versions of browsers and needs lots of RAM. If you have trouble, please check compatibility.
Sorry, Microsoft Internet Explorer not supported - showing you a picture instead!
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The people listed in this section have made major contributions to the field of computer and Internet technology. Some are computer scientists whose developments have paved the way for the Internet of today; some are founders of companies that have influenced the direction of new developments and e-commerce trends. The one thing they all have in common is that the Internet would not be what it is today without the work they have done. As the technology leaps forward at a rapid pace, the list will continue to grow as new innovators make their mark on the industry. We realize that there are hundreds of people who have shaped the industry, and we strongly encourage our readers to submit the name of any person that deserves to be included in our list.
Abramson, Norm | Allen, Paul | Andreessen, Marc | Atanasoff, John | Babbage, Charles | Ballmer, Steve | Baran, Paul | Bechtolsheim, Andy | Berners-Lee, Tim | Berry, Clifford | Bezos, Jeff | Bhatia, Sabeer | Boole, George | Bosack, Len | Bosak, Jon | Canion, Rod | Case, Steve | Cerf, Vint | Chen, Peter | Clark, Jim | Codd, Edgar | Cox, Alan | Cray, Seymour | Daines, Bernard | Dell, Michael | Dijkstra, Edsger | Ellison, Larry | Engelbart, Doug | Ershov, Andrei | Gates, Bill | Geschke, Chuck | Goldfarb, Charles | Gosling, James | Grove, Andy | Heart, Frank | Hopper, Grace | Jobs, Steve | Joy, Bill | Kahn, Robert | Kay, Alan | Kernighan, Brian | Khosla, Vinod | Kleinrock, Leonard | Lerner, Sandy | Licklider, J.C.R. | Lovelace, Ada Byron | McNealy, Scott | Metcalfe, Bob | Minsky, Marvin | Moore, Gordon | Noorda, Ray | Noyce, Bob | Postel, Jonathan | Ritchie, Dennis | Roberts, Ed | Shugart, Alan | Stallman, Richard | Stroustrup, Bjarne | Thompson, Ken | Tomlinson, Ray | Torvalds, Linus | Turing, Alan | von Neumann, John | Wall, Larry | Warnock, John | Wozniak, Steve | Yourdon, Ed | Zuse, Konrad
InternetComputer Science
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- 7 Firefox Add-ons to Secure Your Laptop
- Ad Network Primer: Tips for Targeted Campaigns
- All About Malvertising Attacks
- All About Multiplayer PC Computer Gaming
- All About Online Forums
- All About Peer-To-Peer (P2P) Networks
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- All About Web Site Hosting
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- How to Completely Erase a Hard Disk Drive
- How to Convert a Physical PC into a Virtual One
- How to Defrag a Hard Drive
- How to Network Your Files With NFS
- How to Protect Against Card Skimming
- How Wireless Networks Work
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- iSCSI vs. Fibre Channel
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- Network File Recovery: How To 'Undelete' a Delete
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didyouoknowblurbpage.html
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- virus
In unseren Windows Tipps sammeln wir praktische Anleitungen, um Windows Probleme in den Griff zu bekommen oder schneller mit dem PC arbeiten zu können.
Windows
Cuando Microsoft decidió adoptar la interfaz gráfica (es decir, los iconos, el uso del ratón/puntero, etc.) que había difundido Apple, a partir de una idea de Rank Xerox, llamó a su sistema Windows. Este nombre significa en inglés tanto "ventanas" como "escaparates" (cosa digna de ser recordada en estos tiempos de comercio electrónico). Pero hay gente que no se conforma con nada: Will Install Needless Data On Whole System ("instalará datos innecesarios en todo el sistema").
Warum heißt Windows eigentlich Windows?
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Als Microsoft nach einem Namen für das GUI-Betriebssystem suchte, folgte es bei allen seinen Produkten bei der Benennung einem eher minimalistischen Ansatz: Ein möglichst kurzer, aus einem Wort bestehender Name sollte für eine Produkt stehen. So entstand etwa "Word", "Excel" oder "Money". Bei GUI-Betriebssystem entschied sich Microsoft für den Namen "Windows", weil alle Programme jeweils in einem Fenster, also in einem "Window" laufen und dank Multitasking mehrere Programme gleichzeitig in mehreren Fenstern lauffähig sind: Also "Windows".
Wobei das Microsoft-Betriebssystem streng genommen nie wirklich "Windows" hieß, sondern immer "Microsoft Windows". Und auch das hat einen Grund: Einen generischen Begriff wie "Fenster" bzw. "Windows" kann sich ein Unternehmen nicht einfach rechtlich sichern.
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Von Windows 1 bis 10
Windows
- window - A window is a separate viewing area on a computer display screen ...
- Window RAM - Window RAM (WRAM), unrelated to Microsoft Windows, is ver...
- Window RAM - Window RAM (WRAM), unrelated to Microsoft Windows, is ver...
- Window RAM (WRAM) - Window RAM (WRAM), unrelated to Microsoft W...
- windowing - Sliding windows, a technique also known as windowing, is us...
- windowing system - A windowing system is a system for sharing a ...
- Windows 1.0 - Windows 1.0 was the first of Microsoft’s GUI-based oper...
- Windows 10 (Windows Ten) - Windows 10 is the version of ...
- Windows 2.0 - Windows 2.0 was the 2nd version of Microsoft’s GUI-base...
- Windows 2000 - Windows 2000 (W2K) is a commercial version of Microso...
- Windows 2000 - Windows 2000 (W2K) is a est commercial version of Mic...
- Windows 3.0 - Windows 3.0 was the 3rd version of Microsoft’s GUI-base...
- Windows 3.1 - Windows 3.1 was the 4th version of Microsoft’s GUI-base...
- Windows 7 - Windows 7 is the official name for the successor to the Mic...
- Windows 8 - Windows 8 is a Microsoft operating system (OS) that was rel...
- windows 95 - Windows 9x is short for "Windows 95 or Windows 98."
- Windows 95 - Windows 95 was the 5th version of Microsoft’s GUI operati...
- windows 98 - Windows 9x is short for "Windows 95 or Windows 98."
- Windows 98 - Windows 98 (called "Memphis" during development) is a wid...
- Windows 9x - Windows 9x is short for "Windows 95 or Windows 98."
- Windows 9x (Windows 95 or Windows 98) - Win...
- Windows as a Service (WaaS) - Windows as a Service is...
- Windows Audio MPEG Player - WinAMP (Windows Audio MPEG ...
- Windows Azure - Windows Azure is an integrated operating system for...
- Windows Azure Backup - Windows Azure Backup is a tool that a...
- Windows Azure Fabric Controller - The Azure Fabri...
- Windows Azure Fabric Controller (FC) - The A...
- Windows Azure Hyper-V Recovery Manager
- Windows Azure Pack - Windows Azure Pack is a free available do...
- Windows CardSpace - Windows CardSpace is the code name for an i...
- Windows CE - Windows CE is based on the Microsoft Windows operating sy...
- Windows Cheat Sheets - We've gathered cheat sheets for fast ...
- Windows clustering - In computers, clustering is the use of mu...
- Windows Communication Foundation - Windows Commu...
- Windows Communication Foundation (WCF)
- Windows Deployment Services (WDS) - Windows Dep...
- Windows Directory Statistics - WinDirStat (Windows D...
- Windows Domain Join - Windows Domain Join is a feature that l...
- Windows Embedded - Windows Embedded is Microsoft’s embedded oper...
- Windows event log - Windows event log is a record of a computer...
- Windows File System - The Windows File System (WFS) is Micros...
- Windows File System (WinFS) - The Windows File System...
- Windows Genuine Advantage - Windows Genuine Advantage (...
- Windows Genuine Advantage (WGA) - Windows Genuine...
- Windows Hardware Quality Labs - Windows Hardware Qu...
- Windows Hardware Quality Labs (WHQL) - Windo...
- windows icons mouse and pull down menus
- windows icons mouse and pull-down menus
- windows icons mouse and pulldown menus
- Windows Imaging Format (WIM) - The Windows Imaging F...
- Windows Internet Naming Service - Windows Interne...
- Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS)
- Windows Intune - Windows Intune is a cloud-based desktop managemen...
- Windows key (Winkey) - The Windows key (Winkey) is a relativ...
- Windows Live SkyDrive - Windows Live SkyDrive is a free onl...
- Windows Management Instrumentation - Windows M...
- Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI)
- Windows Management Instrumentation Command line...
- Windows Me - Windows Me (Millenium Edition) is an operating system fro...
- Windows Me (Millenium Edition) - Windows Me (Mille...
- Windows Media Player - Windows Media Player (WMP) is a softw...
- Windows Media Player (WMP) - Windows Media Player (WMP...
- Windows NT - Windows NT is a Microsoft Windows personal computer opera...
- Windows Phone 7 - Windows Phone 7 is a Microsoft operating system...
- Windows Presentation Foundation - Windows Present...
- Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) - Win...
- Windows Process Activation Service (WPAS)
- Windows Product Activation - Windows Product Activatio...
- Windows Product Activation (WPA) - Windows Produ...
- Windows Remote Desktop - Windows Remote Desktop is a progr...
- Windows Remote Management - Windows Remote Management (...
- Windows Remote Management (WinRM) - Windows Rem...
- Windows RT - Windows RT (for "Runtime") is a version of Microsoft's Wi...
- Windows Server 2008 R2 - Windows Server 2008 R2 is a serve...
- Windows Server 2012 (WS 2012) - Windows Server 2012...
- Windows Server 8 - Windows Server 8 is Microsoft’s next-generati...
- Windows Server Backup - Windows Server Backup is a feature ...
- Windows Server Failover Clustering (WSFC)
- Windows Server Update Services - Windows Server Up...
- Windows Server Update Services (WSUS) - Win...
- Windows Sharepoint Services (WSS) - Windows S...
- Windows SharePoint Server - Windows Sharepoint Services...
- Windows Sharepoint Services - Windows Sharepoint Serv...
- Windows Storage Server 2012 - Microsoft Windows Stora...
- Windows Storage Spaces - Windows Storage Spaces is a featu...
- Windows Store - Windows Store is the online marketplace for Windows...
- Windows Sysinternals - Windows Sysinternals is a Microsoft-o...
- Windows Thin PC - Windows Thin PC (WinTPC) is a stripped down ve...
- Windows To Go - Windows To Go is a feature of the Windows 8 Enterpr...
- Windows Update Services - Windows Server Update Services ...
- Windows Workflow Foundation - Windows Workflow Founda...
- Windows Workflow Foundation (WF or WinWF)
- Windows XP - Windows XP is a version of the Windows desktop operating ...
- Windows XP end of life and Windows 7 / Windows ...
- Windows XP key changer - XP key changer is a way to update...
- Windows XP Mode - Windows XP Mode is a feature of the Windows 7 o...
- windows, icons, mouse, and pull-down menus (WIMP)
Windows - Terms
| .INI File | ACPI | administrative privileges | ADS | Aero | areal density | ASD Agent | BCD | BDC | bit rate | BitLocker Hard Drive Encryption | blue screen of death | Boot Configuration Data | bootable diskette | byte | CDFS | ClearType | clock tick | COM | Cryptography API: Next Generation | data transfer rate | DCC | DDE | DEP | Dial-Up Networking | DirectPlay | DirectX | DLL | Domain Join | DPI - dots per inch | EFS | ERD | ESCD | fdisk | FTS file | Games Explorer | GID file | gigabyte | GINA | GPF | GUID | Hardware Compatibility List | himem.sys | HWID - Hardware Identification | hybrid hard disk drive | ICF | ipconfig | IRPStackSize | Kbps | kilobit | Last Known Good configuration | Ldifde | Linux on Windows | LMHOSTS file | local area connections | Mac OS X Server | MAPI | MBR | MCSE | megabyte | Metro | MFLOP | Microsoft Band | Microsoft Forefront Endpoint Security | Microsoft Management Console | Microsoft Office SharePoint Server | Microsoft Operations Manager | Microsoft Secure Boot | Microsoft Security Software | Microsoft Surface tablet | Microsoft Windows | Microsoft Windows 8 | Microsoft Windows XP operating system | MIF | MMC | MOSS | MSCDEX | MSCONFIG | MSCS | MTS | nanosecond | Network Load Balancing | network map | Network Neighborhood | NLB | NTFS - NT File System | NTLDR - NT Loader | OCX - OLE Control Extension | OLE - Object Linking and Embedding | OLE for Process Control | On-Screen Keyboard | OPC | OSR 2 | Parental Controls | PDC | pica | PIF - Program Information file | pinned item list | pixel | Play To | qubit | RDP | registry | Remote Access Service | Remote Desktop | Remote Desktop Protocol | Routing and Remote Access Service | safe mode | Server Appliance Kit | shadow copy | SharePoint Solution Packages | SID - security identifier | Smartdrive | Snipping Tool | SP | SUS | swap file | System Restore | Task Manager | Task Pane | taskbar | UAC | UNC | USB boot | User Account Control | USMT | VFAT | WHQL | WHS | WHS add-in | WHS Console | WIM | win.com | Win32 | Win32s | Windows | Windows 2000 | Windows 7 | Windows 7 HomeGroup | Windows 8 | Windows 8 codename | Windows 9 | Windows 95 | Windows 98 | Windows CE | Windows Defender | Windows DNA | Windows Genuine Advantage | Windows Home Server | Windows Image Management | Windows Imaging Format | Windows Mail | Windows Meeting Space | Windows Network Setup Wizard | Windows NT | Windows Phone 8 | Windows Photo Gallery | Windows ReadyBoost | Windows RT | Windows Server 2012 Essentials | Windows Server 2012 R2 | Windows Server 8 | Windows Server 8 codename | Windows Server Blue | Windows Sidebar | Windows SideShow | Windows terminal | Windows Touch | Windows universal apps - Universal Project | Windows Vista | Windows XP ICS Internet Gateway | Windows XP Mode | Windows XP Network Bridge | Windows XP security update hack | Winlogon | WINS - Windows Internet Naming Service | Winsock | Wintel | WMA | WMI | Wolfpack | WOW | ZAW - Zero Administration for Windows | Zero Administration Kit |
When spelled with a capital "W", "Windows" is short for "Microsoft Windows".
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Der Name rührt daher, dass die Benutzeroberflächen von Anwendungen als rechteckige Fenster auf dem Bildschirm dargestellt werden.
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Cellular AutomataSubstitution Systems
- compute properties of an elementary cellular automaton rule 110
- specify range and number of colors CA 3-color, range 1, rule 4594122302107
- specify a totalistic cellular automaton 3-color code 1086
Turing Machines
- analyze a substitution system substitution system 0->10, 1->01
- analyze a substitution system substitution system 1->2, 2->31, 3->24, 4->15, 5->2
- specify a neighbor-dependent system substitution system 01->2, 2->012, 1->12
Computational Complexity
- compute properties of a Turing machine Turing machine 2506
- specify initial conditions evolve TM 120597441632 on random tape, width = 5
- name a famous Turing machine Busy Beaver 3-states 3-colors
Mathematica Programming
- get information about a complexity class non-deterministic polynomial time
- compare complexity classes NC vs NLINSPACE
Image Processing
- get usage information about a Mathematica function StringTrim
- find options for a function Dynamic options
- find groups of functions mathematica plotting functions
- apply a morphological operator to an image apply bottom-hat transform to trumpet image
- detect features of an image find features of shark image with radius 0.5
- perform color processing posterize galena image using 4 levels
Web & InternetNotable Computers
- get information about an IP address 18.0.0.1
- get information about a URL google.com
- find a port assignment port 80
Data Transfer
- get information about a notable computer Apple II
- ask about a characteristic of a computer How fast was the processor on the Atari 400?
RAID
- get information about a data transfer device 802.11n wireless network
- compute a data transfer time data transfer time 10GB, 6Mb/s
Character Encodings
- compute RAID capacities RAID calculator
- compute RAID capacities RAID5 4 drives 1TB
String Processing
- look up a Unicode character U+00F8
- specify a range of Unicode characters unicode 8900 to 8915
- specify a character by name em dash
Hashing
- find n-grams in a string n-grams "it was the best of times it was the worst of times"
- encode a string with the ROT13 substitution cipher ROT13 "A quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog."
Display Resolution
- compute a hash code for a string Adler 32 "inverse cosine"
- compute a hash code for a string MD5 "A quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog."
Passwords
- get data on a computer display format VGA display
- compare formats WXGA, QXGA
- compute display characteristics from pixel count 2.5 megapixel 300dpi display
CAPTCHA
- generate a password generate a 12 character password
- generate a set of passwords generate 5 alphanumeric passwords of length 10
- analyze a password analyze password SMtt76!
- analyze a password password strength for qwerty2345#
- analyze a password password strength for bobJoeBill
Base Conversion
- generate a CAPTCHA for specified text CAPTCHA Wolfram Alpha
- generate a CAPTCHA using random text CAPTCHA
CIDR
- convert between hex, decimal, octal, and binary 987 in hex
- convert between hex, decimal, octal, and binary 354 hex to decimal
- convert between hex, decimal, octal, and binary 101110000110111011 binary to octal
- calculate IP parameters using CIDR notation CIDR calculator
news relevant to users of IBM zSeries and S/390 systems
zJournal's Mission Statement
Contrary to countless reports, the mainframe is not dead and won't be for a long time. In fact, up to 80 percent of the nation's data is being stored and processed on mainframe computers, With that in mind, "z/Journal" is dedicated to providing useful, reliable, and interesting information on a wide variety of topics directly relevant to IT professionals using IBM "zSeries" and "S/390" systems.