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Hinds County (W3)

...
The community was named for NY Gov. DeWitt Clinton.
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Magnolia State (W3)

Mississippi (W3)

Uni Erfurt
ASSIDUE - Arbeitspapiere des Seminars fur Sprachwissenschaft der Universitat Erfurt
Helmbrecht, Johannes
Argument Structure of the Hocak (Winnebago) Clause
Hocak (W3)

Publikationen: ASSidUE - Arbeitspapiere des Seminars für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Erfurt

Uni Erfurt
Helmbrecht, Johannes
Are there adjectives in Hocank (Winnebago)?

Publikationen: ASSidUE - Arbeitspapiere des Seminars für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Erfurt

Contents

• 1. INTRODUCTION 4
• 1.1. Typological and theoretical background 4
• 1.2. Methodological remarks 6
• 1.3. The data 8
• 2. EVIDENCE AGAINST ADJECTIVES AS A SEPARATE WORD CLASS IN HOCANK 9
• 2.1. No category establishing morphology in Hocank 9
• 2.2. No category changing morphology in Hocank 12
• 3. HOCANK AS AN ADJECTIVAL-VERB LANGUAGE 13
• 4. GRADATION OF PROPERTIES IN HOCANK 17
• 4.1. Intensification 18
• 4.2. Comparative 18
• 4.2.1. Lexical strategy 19
• 4.2.2. Periphrastic expressions 20
• 4.2.3. Context-based pragmatic inference of a comparative meaning 20
• 4.3. Superlative 21
• 5. CONCLUSIONS 22
• REFERENCES 23

Uni Erfurt
Helmbrecht, Johannes
Hocak as an active/inactive language
Why there is no passive/antipassive

Publikationen: ASSidUE - Arbeitspapiere des Seminars für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Erfurt

Table of contents

• 1. Typological features of agentive languages_______________________________________ 4
• 1.1. The Hoc¹k language and sources of data __________________________________________ 5
• 1.2. Some typological characteristics of Hoc¹k _________________________________________ 5
• 2. Verb classification and the marking of Actor and Undergoer ________________________ 6
• 2.1. Intransitive Active verbs________________________________________________________ 7
• 2.2. Intransitive inactive verbs - full pronominal paradigm. ______________________________ 8
• 2.3. Intransitive inactive verbs - restricted pronominal paradigm _________________________ 9
• 2.4. Conclusions I _________________________________________________________________ 9
• 2.5. Transitive verbs______________________________________________________________ 10
• 2.6. Transitive experiencer verbs ___________________________________________________ 11
• 2.7. Conclusions II _______________________________________________________________ 12
• 3. The SBJ.3PL marker -ire as a passive marker? __________________________________ 12
• 3.1. Grammatical properties of a canonical passive construction _________________________ 12
• 3.2. Grammatical properties and use of 3PL -ire in Hoc¹k ______________________________ 13
• 3.3. Conclusions III ______________________________________________________________ 15
• 4. The OBJ.3PL pronominal prefix wa-___________________________________________ 15
• 4.1. As a 3PL marker of P _________________________________________________________ 15
• 4.2. As an antipassive marker? _____________________________________________________ 16
• 4.3. As a nominalizer _____________________________________________________________ 17
• 4.4. Conclusions IV_______________________________________________________________ 17
• 5. References: _______________________________________________________________ 18

Uni Erfurt
Helmbrecht, Johannes
Lehmann, Christian
Hocak - English / English - Hocak - Learner’s dictionary

Publikationen: ASSidUE - Arbeitspapiere des Seminars für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Erfurt

...
Preface

This Hoca²k/English-English/Hoca²k Learner’s Dictionary (HLD) is the first bidirectional dictionary for the Hoca²k language. It comprises the approximately one thousand most frequent and most important Hoca²k words and their English equivalents. It has been compiled as part of the research project ‘Documentation of the Hoca²nk language’ (Do-Hoca²k), funded in the DoBeS program of the Volkswagen Foundation and executed at the Linguistics Department of the University of Erfurt (Germany) from 2003 to 2006. We hereby express our gratitude to the Volkswagen Foundation.
...

Uni Erfurt
Lindenlaub, Juliane
How to talk about the future
A study of future time reference with particular focus on the Hocak language

Publikationen: ASSidUE - Arbeitspapiere des Seminars für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Erfurt

Contents

• Tables _________________________________________________________ v
• Figures ________________________________________________________ v
• Preface ________________________________________________________vi
• Abbreviations __________________________________________________ vii
• 1 Introduction ________________________________________________ 1
• 1.1 Subject of research ___________________________________________ 1
• 1.2 The Hoca\k\ nation and their language ____________________________ 1
• 1.3 Previous linguistic research on Hoca\k\ ____________________________ 2
• 1.4 Research on future time reference_______________________________ 2
• 1.5 The theoretical background ____________________________________ 3
• 1.6 Data and method of research ___________________________________ 4
• 1.7 Outline _____________________________________________________ 5
• 2 Time - The theoretical background _____________________________ 7
• 2.1 The conceptualization of time___________________________________ 7
• 2.2 Tense and tense systems _______________________________________ 9
• 2.3 Absolute and relative time reference ____________________________ 13
• 2.4 Tense and aspect ____________________________________________ 16
• 2.5 Tense and modality __________________________________________ 16
• 2.6 Future in the framework of time _______________________________ 18
• 2.7 Summary __________________________________________________ 19
• 3 Future time reference________________________________________ 21
• 3.1 Sources and uses of future grams_______________________________ 21
• 3.1.1 Modal forms____________________________________________________ 22
• 3.1.2 Aspectual forms _________________________________________________ 25
• 3.1.3 Motion verbs ___________________________________________________ 27
• 3.1.4 Time adverbials _________________________________________________ 27
• 3.2 Future meanings most frequently distinguished___________________ 29
• 3.2.1 Intention-based and prediction-based future ___________________________ 29
• 3.2.2 Simple future and immediate future__________________________________ 30
• 3.2.3 Epistemic and non-epistemic future__________________________________ 30
• 3.2.4 Definite and indefinite future _______________________________________ 31
• 3.2.5 Scheduled future ________________________________________________ 31
• 3.3 Summary __________________________________________________ 32
• 4 Sketch of Hoca\k ____________________________________________ 34
• 4.1 Phonology__________________________________________________ 34
• 4.2 Some morphophonological processes____________________________ 34
• 4.3 Sentence types ______________________________________________ 36
• 4.3.1 Declarative sentences_____________________________________________ 36
• 4.3.2 Imperative sentences _____________________________________________ 37
• 4.3.3 Interrogative sentences____________________________________________ 37
• 4.4 Verbal morphology __________________________________________ 38
• 4.4.1 The first conjugation _____________________________________________ 38
• 4.4.2 The second conjugation ___________________________________________ 40
• 4.4.3 Verbal affixes___________________________________________________ 41
• 4.4.4 Morphophonological changes in verbal prefixes ________________________ 42
• 4.5 The tense system ____________________________________________ 42
• 5 Future time reference in the Hoca\k language ____________________ 44
• 5.1 Devices used for future time reference __________________________ 44
• 5.1.1 Devices used for absolute future time reference ________________________ 44
• 5.1.1.1 Future markers and positional future time adverbials _________________ 44
• 5.1.1.2 Future markers and the topic marker ______________________________ 44
• 5.1.1.3 Future markers and the motion verb ‘come’ ________________________ 45
• 5.1.1.4 The delayed imperative marker __________________________________ 46
• 5.1.2 Devices used for relative future time reference: The sequencing of events ____ 46
• 5.2 The phonology and morphology of the future markers_____________ 48
• 5.3 The distribution of the future markers __________________________ 50
• 5.3.1 Morphological distribution_________________________________________ 51
• 5.3.1.1 Future time marking and aspect __________________________________ 55
• 5.3.1.2 Future time marking and modality ________________________________ 57
• 5.3.1.3 Future time marking and negation ________________________________ 57
• 5.3.2 Syntactic distribution _____________________________________________ 58
• 5.3.2.1 Temporal clauses _____________________________________________ 58
• 5.3.2.2 Conditional clauses ___________________________________________ 61
• 5.3.2.3 Complex sentences expressing hopes, wishes, beliefs and promises ______ 61
• 5.4 Functions of the future markers________________________________ 64
• 5.4.1 Future meanings_________________________________________________ 64
• 5.4.1.1 Simple and immediate future ____________________________________ 64
• 5.4.1.2 Definite and indefinite future ____________________________________ 65
• 5.4.1.3 Prediction ___________________________________________________ 65
• 5.4.1.3.1 General remarks_____________________________________________ 65
• 5.4.1.3.2 Scheduled and predetermined events_____________________________ 66
• 5.4.2 Modal meanings_________________________________________________ 66
• 5.4.2.1 Desire ______________________________________________________ 67
• 5.4.2.2 Obligation___________________________________________________ 67
• 5.4.2.3 Intention ____________________________________________________ 69
• 5.4.2.4 Hortative ___________________________________________________ 70
• 5.5 The evolution of the future markers ____________________________ 72
• 5.6 Summary __________________________________________________ 73
• 6 Summary__________________________________________________ 75
• References_____________________________________________________ 77
• Appendix ______________________________________________________ 81

Uni Laval
L'aménagement linguistique dans Mississippi
Langues dans Mississippi

(anglais) = USA

Winona (city) Montgomery County (W3)

Winona (city) Montgomery County
...
The community name derives from Sioux term for "first-born daughter".
...