BEMAS (W3)

Desert (W3)

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Der Ursprung des englischen Wortes "desert" (vgl. ital. "deserto", span. "desierto", franz. "désert",...) wird im lateinischen "desertum" ("verlassen", "verlassener Ort") gesehen. Im Wikipedia-Artikel über Ägypten steht allerdings im Abschnitt ZUM LANDESNAMEN, dass der altägyptische Name für das "rote Land", die an die fruchtbaren Nil-Ufer angrenzende Wüste, "DSr.t" gewesen sei. Diese Ähnlichkeit ist zu frappierend um zufällig zu sein.

..., ob das ägyptische Wort "DSr.t" erst mit dem Kontakt zum Römischen Reich in Gebrauch kam (und damit vom lateinischen "desertum" abgeleitet ist), oder umgekehrt die Römer das Wort "desertum" (mit Ableitungen wie "deserere") aus dem altägyptischen entlehnt ist?
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Lassen Sie mit dem "Desert Express" Afrikaträume wahr werden. Fahren Sie durch die grandiosen Landschaften Namibias.
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Definition:
(1) An ecosystem with >.100 mm precipitation per year.
(2) A wide, open, comparatively barren tract of land with few forms of life and little rainfall.

Translations of "desert":

• Bulgarian: ???
• Czech: poušt
• Danish: ørken
• Dutch: woestijn
• English: desert
• Estonian: kõrb
• Finnish: aavikko
• French: désert
• German: Wüste
• Greek: ???µ??
• Hungarian: sivatag
• Icelandic: eyðimörk
• Italian: deserto
• Latvian: tuksnesis
• Lithuanian: dykuma
• Norwegian: ørken
• Polish: pustynia
• Portuguese: deserto
• Romanian: desert
• Slovak: pú?t
• Slovenian: pu?cava
• Spanish: desierto
• Swedish: öken
• Turkish: iöl

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Etymology
English "desert" and its Romance cognates (including Italian "deserto", French "désert" and Spanish "desierto") all come from the Latin "desertum", which means "an unpopulated place". This in turn is derived from the Egyptian word "dSr.t", which literally means "red land" and refers to the "desert". The correlation between aridity and sparse population is complex and dynamic, varying by culture, era, and technologies, and thus the use of the word "desert" can cause confusion. In English prior to the 20th century, "desert" was often used in the sense of "unpopulated area", without specific reference to aridity; but today the word is most often used in its climate-science sense (an area of low precipitation) - and a "desert" may be quite heavily populated, with millions of inhabitants. Phrases such as "desert island" and "Great American Desert" in previous centuries did not necessarily imply sand or aridity; their focus was the sparse population. But the connotation of a hot, parched, sandy place often influences today's popular interpretation of those phrases.

• Arab Tent, vernacular, at Middle Eastern Deserts, nomadic house.
• Kaufmann Desert House, by Richard Neutra, at Palm Springs, California, 1946.

8. Desert 8.1. Hot 8.2. Temperate 8.3. Cold

Alaemon alaudipes (Greater Hoopoe-lark) | Ammomanes cinctura (Bar-tailed Lark) | Ammomanes deserti (Desert Lark) | Aspidoscelis uniparens (Desert Grassland Whiptail) | Breviceps macrops (Desert Rain Frog) | Caloprymnus campestris (Desert Rat Kangaroo) | Caprimulgus aegyptius (Egyptian Nightjar) | Caracal caracal (Caracal) | Chaetodipus arenarius (Little Desert Pocket Mouse) | Chaetodipus eremicus (Chihuahuan Desert Pocket Mouse) | Chaetodipus penicillatus (Desert Pocket Mouse) | Charadrius leschenaultii (Greater Sand Plover) | Cheirogaleus adipicaudatus (Southern Fat-tailed Dwarf Lemur) | Cisticola aridulus (Desert Cisticola) | Crinia deserticola (Desert Froglet) | Crocidura smithii (Desert Musk Shrew) | Daboia deserti (Desert Viper) | Dipodomys deserti (Desert Kangaroo Rat) | Dipsosaurus dorsalis (Desert Iguana) | Egernia kintorei (Great Desert Skink) | Eremarionta immaculata (White Desert Snail) | Eremarionta millepalmarum (Thousand Palms Desert Snail) | Eremarionta morongoana (Morongo Desert Snail) | Eremichthys acros (Desert Dace) | Eremophila bilopha (Temminck's Lark) | Geomys arenarius (Desert Pocket Gopher) | Gopherus agassizii (Desert Tortoise) | Gyalopion quadrangulare (Thornscrub Hook-nosed Snake) | Helogale hirtula (Somali Dwarf Mongoose) | Hemiechinus auritus (Long-eared Hedgehog) | Hemiechinus collaris (Indian Long-eared Hedgehog) | Jaculus blanfordi (Blanford’s Jerboa) | Jaculus jaculus (Lesser Egyptian Jerboa) | Jaculus orientalis (Greater Egyptian Jerboa) | Lepus capensis (Cape Hare) | Lepus tibetanus (Desert Hare) | Litoria rubella (Desert Tree Frog) | Meriones hurrianae (Indian Desert Gerbil) | Mesalina simonii (Simon's Desert Racer) | Mus indutus (Desert Pygmy Mouse) | Neobatrachus centralis (Desert Trilling Frog) | Neotoma lepida (Desert Woodrat) | Notaden nichollsi (Desert Spadefoot Toad) | Notiosorex crawfordi (Desert Shrew) | Oenanthe deserti (Desert Wheatear) | Otonycteris hemprichii (Desert Long-eared Bat) | Paraechinus aethiopicus (Desert Hedgehog) | Passer simplex (Desert Sparrow) | Perameles eremiana (Desert Bandicoot) | Peromyscus eva (Eva's Desert Mouse) | Phacochoerus aethiopicus (Desert Warthog) | Phodopus campbelli (Campbell's Hamster) | Phodopus roborovskii (Desert Hamster) | Phodopus sungorus (Dzhungarian Hamster) | Phrynosoma platyrhinos (Desert HornedLizard) | Pipistrellus ariel (Desert Pipistrelle) | Pseudalopex sechurae (Sechura Fox) | Pseudomys desertor (Desert Mouse) | Psychomastatix deserticola (Desert Monkey Grasshopper) | Rhodopechys obsoletus (Desert Finch) | Sceloporus magister (Desert Spiny Lizard) | Scotocerca inquieta (Streaked Scrub-warbler) | Scotoecus pallidus (Desert Yellow Lesser House Bat.) | Selevinia betpakdalaensis (Desert Dormouse) | Sminthopsis psammophila (Sandhill Dunnart) | Spaniacris deserticola (Spanistic Desert Grasshopper) | Sylvia deserticola (Tristram's Warbler) | Sylvia minula (Small Whitethroat) | Sylvia nana (Desert Warbler) | Sylvilagus audubonii (Desert Cottontail) | Tarentola deserti (Desert Wall Gecko) | Trimorphodon vilkinsonii (Chihuahuan Desert Lyresnake) | Uma notata (Colorado Desert Fringe-toed Lizard) | Uma rufopunctata (Yuman Desert Fringe-toed Lizard) | Vulpes macrotis (Kit Fox) | Washingtonia filifera (Desert Palm) | Xantusia vigilis (Desert Night Lizard) | Zygonyx torridus (Ringed Cascader)

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Im frankophonen und anglophonen Sprachraum bedeutet das Adjektiv "désert" bzw. "desert" nichts anderes als "vom Menschen verlassen" und hat keinen Bezug zu Niederschlagsmangel und Trockenheit. Ähnliches gilt für die deutschen Bezeichnungen "wüst" und "verwüstet". Wenn "Wüste" einfach "Leere" meint, könnte es viele Landschaften geben, für welche dies zutrifft.
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• Die Great Sandy Desert und Great Victoria Desert sowie ihre Nebengebiete
• Die Simpson Desert und ihre Nebengebiete

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The English, French ("désert"), Spanish ("desierto"), Italian ("deserto"), all come from the Latin "desertum", meaning "an unpopulated place." This in turn is derived from the Egyptian word "dSr.t", which literally means "red land" and refers to the "desert".
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Legend: Curator Video

• 1. “Shipwrecked” by Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca, and the Description of the Journey Which he Made Through Florida with Panfilo de Narvaez
• 2. Letter to the Warring Tribes
• 3. General Map of Georgia. Showing Postal and Major Roads, Stations and the Distance in Versts Between Them
• 4. Description of the Coasts, Points, Harbours and Islands of New France
• 5. This [is being produced] so that all can know the route of the travels [of the Israelites] 40 years in the desert [through] the width and length of the Holy Land from the Nile to the city of Damascus, from the Arnon Valley to the Mediterranean Sea, and in it each individual tribe was given its own portion of the land
• 6. The Gift of the Followers of the Path of Muhammad
• 7. Rock Painting S00176, Bethlehem, Dihlabeng District Municipality, Free State, South Africa
• 8. Rock Painting S00501, Bethlehem, Dihlabeng District Municipality, Free State
• 9. Rock Painting S00568, Bethlehem, Dihlabeng District Municipality, Free State
• 10. Rock Painting S00927, Clocolan, Dihlabeng District Municipality, Free State
• 11. Rock Painting S01321, Ficksburg, Dihlabeng District Municipality, Free State
• 12. Rock Painting S01392, Ficksburg, Dihlabeng District Municipality, Free State
• 13. A Summary Explanation of the Pronouncements of the Scholars and Theologians
• 14. Askiyah's Questions and al-Maghili's Answers [al-Maghili's Tract on Politics]
• 15. Judaea or the Holy Land, Here Divided into the Twelve Tribes of the Hebrews or Israelites
• 16. The Important Stars Among the Multitude of the Heavens
• 17. Knowledge of the Movement of the Stars and What It Portends in Every Year
• 18. Explanations of Problems in Arithmetic with Examples
• 19. Curing Diseases and Defects Both Apparent and Hidden
• 20. On the Calculation of Numbers in the Science of Astronomy
• 21. Explanation of the Work of al-Ghazali and Nuh ibn al-Tahir al-Fulani

Zum Landesnamen
Der altägyptische Landesname "Km.t" bedeutet "Schwarzes Land" und bezieht sich auf die fruchtbaren Böden des Niltals im Gegensatz zum "Roten Land" der angrenzenden Wüsten, dem "DSr.t". Im Koptischen wurde daraus "Kimi" oder "Kim"?, im Altgriechischen schließlich "Kymeía".
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Desertification (W3)

• DIS/MED (See desertification information system to support national action programmes in the Mediterranean)
• Desertification convention
• desertification information system to support national action programmes in the Mediterranean

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Translations of "desertification":

• Bulgarian: ???, ???, ???
• Czech: desertifikace
• Danish: ørkendannelse
• Dutch: 1.verwoestijning 2. woestijnvorming
• English: desertification
• Estonian: kõrbestumine
• Finnish: aavikoituminen
• French: désertification
• German: Wüstenbildung, Desertifikation, Ausbreitung von Wüsten und Steppengebieten, Ausbreitung der Wüsten, Versteppung, Ausdehnung der Wüstengebiete, Verödung
• Greek: ape??µ?s? / e??µ?p???s?
• Hungarian: {SOI} elsivatagosodás
• Icelandic: landeyðing, landrof, að gera land að eyðimörk
• Italian: desertificazione
• Latvian: tuksnešu veidošanas
• Lithuanian: virtimas dykuma
• Norwegian: ørkenspredning
• Polish: pustynnienie
• Portuguese: desertificação
• Romanian: Desertificare
• Slovak: dezertifikácia
• Slovenian: opustošenje
• Spanish: desertificación
• Swedish: ökenspridning

• 1.Introduction to How Desertification Works
• 2.What Causes Desertification?
• 3.Who is Affected by Desertification?
• 4.Can Desertification be Stopped?
• 5.Lots More Information
• 6.See all Climate & Weather articles

Environment (W3)

What on Earth is Environment?
By J. Stan Rowe
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Environment - its own Pejorative

The etymology of "environment" offers no easy path out of the morass created by hazy concepts. The word is derived from the French "virer", "to turn", whence "in/viron" meaning "to encircle". To encircle implies a centre, suggesting that other things of greater interest lie within. Thus, nebulous "environment" surrounds more sharply defined realities, such as organisms and people, from which at second hand it derives its status. A subtle sycophant, environment used in this way reflects back to peoples' preoccupation with themselves.
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"environment" (n.) c.1600, "state of being environed" (see "environ" + "-ment"); sense of "the aggregate of the conditions in which a person or thing lives" first recorded 1827 (used by Carlyle to render German "Umgebung"); specialized ecology sense first recorded 1956.

"environ" (v.) late 14c. (implied in "environing"), "to surround", "encircle", "encompass", from Old French "environer" "to surround", "to enclose", "to encircle", from environ "round about", from "en-" "in" (see "en-" (1)) + "viron" "a circle", "circuit", also used as an adverb, from "virer" "to turn" (see "veer"). Related: "Environed".

"-ment" suffix forming nouns, originally from French and representing Latin "-mentum", which was added to verb stems sometimes to represent the result or product of the action. French inserts an "-e-" between the verbal root and the suffix (as in commenc-e-ment from commenc-er; with verbs in "ir", "-i-" is inserted instead (as in sent-i-ment from sentir). Used with English verb stems from 16c. (for example merriment, which also illustrates the habit of turning -y to -i- before this suffix).

Term: Environment

Environment

Environment

AN AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY ANNOTATED DICTIONARY

Environment

erose
Erosion
erodieren (W3)

litter, littering, *legh- (W1)

nature (W3)

NHM (W3)

umweltbundesamt - Fachwörterbuch Umweltschutz - DE-UK

Letzte Änderung: 15.01.2008
Das Fachwörterbuch Umweltschutz können Sie geordnet nach Deutsch-Englisch oder Englisch-Deutsch als DOC- bzw. PDF-Datei von unserem Server herunterladen.

Potter, Stephen (Autor)
Sergant, Lauren (Autor)
Pedigree: Words from Nature