Etymologie, Etimología, Étymologie, Etimologia, Etymology, (griech.) etymología, (lat.) etymologia, (esper.) etimologio
UK Vereinigtes Königreich Großbritannien und Nordirland, Reino Unido de Gran Bretaña e Irlanda del Norte, Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord, Regno Unito di Gran Bretagna e Irlanda del Nord, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, (esper.) Britujo
Metanalysis (Buchstabenaustausch), Metanalysis, Métanalyse, Metanalysis, Metanalysis, (esper.) metanalizo

apricot (W3)

"Apricot" als Farbe:

- #ff8e0d - Apricot

"Apricot" als Farbe:

- #e8793e - Apricot

"Apricot" als Farbe:

- #ffa161 - Apricot

"Apricot" als Farbe:

- #ff6f1a - Apricot

"Light Apricot" als Farbe:

- #ffb28b - Light Apricot

"Light Apricot" als Farbe:

- #ee9374 - Light Apricot

"Apricot Buff" als Farbe:

- #e8793e - Apricot Buff

"Apricot Cream" als Farbe:

- #ffca86 - Apricot Cream

"Apricot Cream" als Farbe:

- #ffdb8b - Apricot Cream

"Apricot Orange" als Farbe:

- #e8793e - Apricot Orange

"Apricot Sherbet" als Farbe:

- #ffb961 - Apricot Sherbet

"Apricot Tan" als Farbe:

- #e8793e - Apricot Tan

"Apricot Tan" als Farbe:

- #f7943c - Apricot Tan

"Apricot Yellow" als Farbe:

- #ffd35f - Apricot Yellow

"Apricot Yellow" als Farbe:

- #d79d41 - Apricot Yellow

"Apricot Yellow" als Farbe:

- #e59e1f - Apricot Yellow

"Golden Apricot" als Farbe:

- #ffa161 - Golden Apricot

"Golden Apricot" als Farbe:

- #e8793e - Golden Apricot

Apricot Brandy

Entry from May 22, 2006

"Big Apricot" (summary)

"New York City" is "the Big Apricot" in a Superman comic where the city is also called "Metropolis".

"Irish Apricots" - "Potatoes"

"Apricot" - Botanical: "Prunus Armeniaca (LINN.)"

Family: N.O. Rosaceae

• Description
• Constituents
• Medicinal Action and Uses

---Synonyms---"Apricock". "Armeniaca vulgaris".

---Parts Used---Kernels, oil.

---Habitat---Although formerly supposed to come from "Armenia", where it was long cultivated, hence the name "Armeniaca", there is now little doubt that its original habitat is northern China, the Himalaya region and other parts of temperate Asia. It is cultivated generally throughout temperate regions. Introduced into England, from Italy, in Henry VIII's reign.
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Apricot (Recipes Videos Content)

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Origin of "apricot"

1545–55; Middle French "abricot", Portuguese "albricoque" or Spanish "albarcoque", "albaricoque", Arabic "al" "the" + "barquq" - Medieval Greek - Late Latin "praecocquum", for Latin "(persicum) praecox" literally, "early-ripening peach", perhaps referring to the "apricot" (see "peach", "precocious"); replacing earlier "abrecock" - Portuguese or Spanish; later "p" for Middle French "b" perhaps - Latin "praecox"
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"apricot" (n.)

roundish, orange-colored, plum-like fruit, 1550s, "abrecock", from Catalan "abercoc", related to Portuguese "albricoque", from Arabic "al-birquq", through Byzantine Greek "berikokkia" which is probably from Latin "(malum) praecoquum" "early-ripening (fruit)" (see "precocious"). Form assimilated to French "abricot".

Latin "praecoquis" "early-ripe", can probably be attributed to the fact that the fruit was considered a variety of peach that ripened sooner than other peaches .... [Barnhart]

Native to the Himalayas, it was introduced in England in 1524. The older Latin name for it was "prunum Armeniacum" or "malum Armeniacum", in reference to supposed origin in Armenia. As a color name, by 1906.

Related Entries

• ide. "*pekw-"
• "precocious"

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In Latin, "apricot" means "precious", a label earned because it ripens earlier than other summer fruits. A relative of the peach, the "apricot" is smaller and has a smooth, oval pit that falls out easily when the fruit is halved.
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Lambert, Edward

The Art of Confectionary

Shewing the Various Methods of Preserving All Sorts of Fruits, Dry and Liquid; viz. Oranges, Lemons, Citrons, Golden Pippins, Wardens, Apricots Green, Almonds, Goosberries, Cherries, Currants, Plumbs, Rasberries, Peaches, Walnuts, Nectarines, Figs, Grapes, &c., Flowers and Herbs; as Violets, Angelica, Orange-Flowers, &c.; Also How to Make All Sorts of Biscakes, Maspins, Sugar-Works, and Candies. With the Best Methods of Clarifying, and the Different Ways of Boiling Sugar. (English) (as Author)

The Apricot Tree (English) (as Author)

Chemical Name: "Apricot extract"

Chemical Name: "Apricot kernel oil"

Apricot

Limericks on "apricot"

imericks on "apricot kernel oil"

Limericks on "apricot sickness"

Two English apr-words, part 2: "Apricot"

AUGUST 8TH 2012

By Anatoly Liberman

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The Romans first called the fruit "malum (or prunum) Armeniacum" = "Armenian apple (or plum)" and after that "malum praecoquum" = "early ripening apple" (compare Engl. "precocious") because apricots were considered to be a kind of peaches, but they ripen first. Latin "coquere" means "cook” (the English verb is a borrowing of it). Consequently, "praecoquere" means "cook", "boil beforehand". Our "precocious children" are (figuratively speaking) ready for use "(cooked) too soon". The Greeks pronounced the Latin adjective as "praikókon", but in Byzantium it changed to "beríkokkon". In this form it became known to the Arabs, who shortened it and added the definite article. The result was "al-burquq" and "al-barquq". The Modern Romance names of the "apricot" owe their existence to Arabic: Spanish "albaricoque", Portuguese "albricoque", Italian "albercocca", "albicocca" (in dialects often without the Arabic article), and French "apricot". It may seem more natural to suppose that the point of departure was the East rather than Rome, but things probably happened as described above.

English and French (French perhaps via Provençal) got this word from Portuguese or Spanish. The earliest recorded French form (1512) is "aubercot" and the earliest English one (1551) "abrecock". Modern Engl. "apricot" (never mind the ways the first vowel sounds in America) was altered to adjust partly to French "abricot" (a usual procedure), but in French final "t" is mute. In some European languages, the name of the "apricot" ends in "–s": German "Aprikose", Dutch "abrikoos" (in Minsheu’s days it was still "abrikok"), Swedish and Norwegian "aprikos", Danish "abrikos", and Russian "abrikos". The origin of final "–s" in the lending language is unclear (from the French plural? Rather unlikely). The vernacular Arabic name of the fruit is "mishmish" and "mushmush". The recollection of the "Armenian apple" is not quite lost in modern languages. We discern the "Armenian" echo in Italian "armillo", in southern German "marille" (with many variants), and in Dutch dialectal "merelle" ~ "morille" = "sour cherry", apparently under the influence of Latin "amarellus" = "sour" (familiar to us from the sweet (!), but almond-flavored liqueur "amaretto" (Latin "amar" means "bitter")). Swiss "barelelli" and "barillen" are reminiscent of the Italian dialectal "bar–" names. The index to Bengt Hasselrot’s detailed study of the linguistic geography of the "apricot" contains close to four hundred variants of the names used for this fruit.
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The "peregrinations" of the "apricot" through Europe become more and more exciting at every step. But even without a brief stay in Tuscany, the way of the fruit is memorable: Rome — Greece — Byzantium — Arabia — the Iberian Peninsula — Italy, France, Germany, England, and the rest of the continent, from Scandinavia in the north to Russia in the east. The word, as Skeat put it, reached us in a very roundabout manner. In his Concise Dictionary, in which all words were supposedly expected to shrink, the manner is called indirect.

Anatoly Liberman is the author of "Word Origins…And How We Know Them" as well as "An Analytic Dictionary of English Etymology: An Introduction". His column on word origins, "The Oxford Etymologist", appears here, each Wednesday.

Recipes in this category:

• Apricot Almond Squares
• Apricot Bars
• Apricot Bars
• Apricot Bonbons
• Apricot Chews
• Apricot Cream Cheese Drops
• Apricot Fingers
• Apricot Tea Cookies
• Apricot-Cardamom Bars
• Apricot-cardamon Bars & Apricot Icing
• Holiday Apricot Balls
• Mrs. Fields Apricot Nectar Cookies
• Nutty Apricot Bars
• Snowy Apricot Bars

Apricot

"Apricot"

This term, which comes from the French "abricot" - and was "aubercot" until the Fifteenth Century - does not have one simple etymology, but rather a combination of several, involving a considerable juxtaposition of ideas. On the one hand, we have Portuguese "albricoque", Spanish "albaricoque" and Italian "albicocca", which all stem from the Arabic "al barqouq" or "al birquq", for the Iberian Peninsula owed much to the Arab gardeners of Southern Spain (Andalusia). The Arabic word means "early-ripe", and itself derives from the Latin "praecox" or "praecoquum malum" (in Greek, "praecoxon"), meaning "early-ripener" and "early-ripening apple", respectively (see the etymology of "apple"). This was the name given by the Roman legionaries when they first brought the fruit back to Rome, as they were returning from the Near East in the first century. Being easy to eat, it also was called "aperitum", "fruit which opens easily", and there is an association with Greek "abros", "delicate", for it does not travel well and ripens very quickly. The idea that there was a connection with Latin "apricus", "ripe", may have given rise to the "p" in English "apricot", which combines with the French "-cot" ending. Incidentally, the fruit is "Aprikose" to the Germans and "abrikos" to the Russians, but all these roads lead to Rome, from where the term - and the fruit - first spread throughout Europe.

"apricot", "al-barquq", "apricot". Arabic is in turn traceable back to Early Byzantine Greek and thence to classical Latin "praecoqua", literally "precocious" and specifically "precociously ripening peaches", i.e. "apricots". The Arabic was passed onto the late medieval Spanish "albarcoque" and Catalan "albercoc", each meaning "apricot". Early spellings in English included "abrecok" (year 1551), "abrecox" (1578), "apricock" (1593), each meaning "apricot". The letter "t" in today's English "apricot" has come from French. In French it starts around the 1520s as "abricot" and "aubercot" meaning "apricot".

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Etymology

Map of the etymology of "Apricot" from Latin via Late and Byzantine Greek to Arabic, Spanish and Catalan, Middle French and so to English

"Apricot" first appeared in English in the 16th century as "abrecock" from the Middle French, "aubercot", or later from Portuguese, "albricoque". The scientific name armeniaca was first used by Gaspard Bauhin in his Pinax Theatri Botanici (1623), referring to the species as Mala armeniaca "Armenian apple". Linnaeus took up Bauhin's epithet in the first edition of his Species Plantarum in 1753, Prunus armeniaca.
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"Apricot Computers" - early UK-based microcomputer company founded by "ACT" ("Applied Computer Techniques"), a business software and services supplier. The company wanted a "fruity" name ("Apple" and "Acorn" were popular brands) that included the letters "A", "C" and "T". "Apricot" fit the bill.

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"precocious" – showing unusually early mental development (not necessarily complimentary)

Etymology starts with Latin "coquere" "to cook" or, figuratively, "to ripen". So an "early-ripening" fruit or flower would be "præ-" "before" + "coquere", or "præcox". In English "prœcox" became "precocious". It first applied to fruits and flowers, but soon was used figuratively for "early maturing" persons, and the latter use is now far more common.

"Præcox" also leads us to today's word, an "early-ripening" fruit which in Latin was described as, and later named, "præcocquum". Traveling east, in Greek it became "prekokkia" and then "berikokkia", and thence the Arabic "birquq". The Arabs carried "al-birquq" ("the birquq") back westward through northern Africa and into the Iberian peninsula, and by metanalysis the "al" became attached as part of the word: "albarcoque", "al-borcoq", "albricoque", "albaricoque" and "abercoc" (O.Sp; Sp.Arab; Port.; Span.; Catalan). Also "abricot" Fr. and "albercoccia" Ital.

Do you recognize this fruit? It is the "apricot". One new-beginning is that the Arabic "al" ("the") had become attached. ("Alcohol" was similarly formed from "al-kohl".) A second change is that in English the "abr-" beginning changed to "apr-", as in Shakespeare:

Go, bind thou up yon dangling "apricocks",
Which, like unruly children, make their sire
Stoop with oppression of their prodigal weight:

– King Richard II, Act 3, Scene 4

No one is sure why the "abr-" changed to "apr-". Perhaps it is because the word was mistakenly thought to derive from [lat.] "aprico coctus", "ripened in a sunny place".
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"apricot" - "al-burquq" - from Greek

Metanalysis (W3)

• Abbreviation, Abkürzung
• Acronym and initialism, Initialwort
• Ambiguity, Mehrdeutigkeit
• Apheresis (linguistics), Abfall eines Buchstabens oder einer unbetonten Silbe am Wortanfang
• Apocope, Wegfall eines Auslauts oder einer auslautenden Silbe
• Assibilation, Verwandlung eines Verschlusslautes in einen Zischlaut
• Assimilation, Angleichung eines Konsonanten an einen anderen
• Back-formation
• Backronym
• Back-formation, is the process of creating a new lexeme by removing actual or supposed affixes.
• Bushism
• Clipping (morphology), is the word formation process which consists in the reduction of a word to one of its parts. Clipping is also known as "truncation" or "shortening"
• Clipping (phonetics), in phonetics, clipping is the process of shortening the articulation of a phonetic segment, usually a vowel. A clipped vowel is pronounced more quickly than an unclipped vowel and is often also reduced.
• Co-articulated consonant
• Coarticulation
• Compound (linguistics)
• Consonant harmony
• Contraction
• Contraction (grammar)
• Crasis
• Deletion (phonology)
• Diaeresis
• Diminutive
• Dissimilation
• Earworm
• Eggcorn, is an idiosyncratic substitution of a word or phrase for a word or words that sound similar or identical in the speaker's dialect (sometimes called oronyms)
• Elision
• Contraction (grammar)
• Epenthesis, the addition of sounds to the interior of a word
• Expressive loan
• False etymology
• false splitting
• Folk etymology
• Holorime
• Homophonic translation
• Hypercorrection
• Hypocoristic
• Juncture, in linguistics, is the manner of moving (transition) between two successive syllables in speech. An important type of juncture is the suprasegmental phonemic cue by means of which a listener can distinguish between two otherwise identical sequences of sounds that have different meanings.
• Juncture loss
• Labialisation
• Language game
• Lenition
• Mad Gab
• Malapropism
• McGurk effect
• Metanalysis
• Metaplasm
• Metathesis
• Mind rhyme
• misheard lyrics
• Mondegreen, is a mishearing or misinterpretation of a phrase as a result of near-homophony, in a way that gives it a new meaning. Mondegreens are most often created by a person listening to a poem or a song; the listener, being unable to clearly hear a lyric, substitutes words that sound similar and make some kind of sense.
• Mumpsimus
• Nickname
• Onomasiology
• Oronyms
• Palatalization
• Pareidolia
• Parody music
• Pharyngealisation
• Phonetics topics
• Phono-semantic matching
• Portmanteau
• Rebracketing
• Relaxed pronunciation
• Resegmentation
• Retronym
• Sandhi
• Secondary articulation
• Smoothing (phonetics)
• Synaeresis, is a phonological process of sound change in which two adjacent vowels within a word are combined into a single syllable.
• Synalepha, is the merging of two syllables into one, especially when it causes two words to be pronounced as one.
• Syncopation in music
• Syncope (medial)
• Syncope (phonetics), is the loss of one or more sounds from the interior of a word, especially the loss of an unstressed vowel. It is found both in synchronic analysis of languages and diachronics. Its opposite, whereby sounds are added, is "epenthesis".
• Synizesis
• Synizesis (merge into one syllable without change in writing)
• Syntactic ambiguity
• Unpaired word
• Velarization
• Vowel harmony
• Vowel reduction
• Word formation

"metanalysis" Philol.

[f. met(a- + analysis.]

Reinterpretation of the division between words or syntactic units: as adder ‹ OE. nædre by analysis in ME. of a naddre as an addre. Hence me'tanalyse v. trans.

• 1914 O. Jespersen Mod. Eng. Gram. II. v. 141, I have ventured to coin the word "metanalysis" for the phenomenon frequent in all languages that words or word-groups are by a new generation analyzed differently from the analysis of a former age.    
• 1940 Ibid. V. xix. 308 A good many sentences of this type are double-barrelled and present the possibility of a "metanalysis", by which ‘It is good for a man/not to touch a woman’ may come to be apprehended ‘It is good/for a man not to touch a woman’.    
• 1957 G. V. Smithers Kyng Alisaunder II. 138 "jker" ‹ OE. "nicor" by a process of "metanalysis" in which an initial consonant is treated as the final consonant of the preceding word, or a final consonant is attracted into the beginning of the next word.    
• 1962 R. Quirk Use of English viii. 127 When the French word "crevice" was introduced into Middle English, its connexion with "sea food" caused people "to metanalyse" the final syllable as "-fish" ("crayfish").    
• 1970 B. M. H. Strang Hist. English iv. 250 Assimilations account for the /m/ (earlier /n/) in such words as "comfort", "noumpire" (later "metanalysed" as "umpire"). Ibid. 268 For then "ones" "metanalysed" as for the nonce.    
• 1972 J. L. Dillard Black English iv. 162 "Metanalysis" describes the analysis of words or groups of words into new elements … "a napron" was metanalyzed to "an apron".

Otto Jespersen, in full Jens Otto Harry Jespersen, (born July 16, 1860, Randers, Den. — died April 30, 1943, Roskilde), Danish linguist and a foremost authority on English grammar. He helped to revolutionize language teaching in Europe, contributed greatly to the advancement of phonetics, linguistic theory, and the history of English, and originated an international language, Novial (q.v.).
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Metanalysis is the process where a letter is added or subtracted because of a nearby word. Examples:

Modern Word 	- Original Form



a nickname 	- an ekename
a newt 		- an ewt
an adder 	- a nadder
an apron 	- a napron
an orange 	- a narange
an umpire 	- a nonper

"Metanalysis": A technique currently popular in medical research, whereby all data from all available studies of something are combined, at times regardless of the quality of the data. The technique is used by researchers to get a maximum amount of statistical information (the most "power" possible), at times without worrying about distortion of the results.

metanalysis

Definition - A language-change process caused by the reinterpreting of word boundaries.

Example - The Middle English "a naddre" evolved into the Modern English "an adder".

Etymology - The word was coined by the linguist Otto Jespersen who combined the Greek "meta", "across", "with analusis", "loosening up".

Oxford English Dictionary - Its first citation is from 1914:

"I have ventured to coin the word "metanalysis" for the phenomenon frequent in all languages that words or word-groups are by a new generation analyzed differently from the analysis of a former age."

(O. Jespersen, Modern English Grammar, II. v. 141,)

"Rebracketing" [frz. "Mécoupure", "coupure fautive", "métanalyse"] (also known as "resegmentation" or "metanalysis") is a process in historical linguistics where a word originally derived from one source is broken down or bracketed into a different set of factors. It is a form of "folk etymology", where the new factors may appear meaningful (e.g. "hamburger" taken to mean a "burger with ham"), or may seem to be the result of valid morphological processes.

"Rebracketing" often focuses on highly probable word boundaries: "a noodle" might become "an oodle", since "an oodle" sounds just as grammatically correct as "a noodle", and likewise "an eagle" might become "a neagle", but "the bowl" would not become "th ebowl" and "a kite" would not become "ak ite".

Technically, "bracketing" is the process of breaking an utterance into its constituent parts. The term is akin to parsing for larger sentences, but it is normally restricted to morphological processes at the sublexical level, i.e. within the particular word or lexeme. For example, the word "uneventful" is conventionally bracketed as [un+[event+ful]], and the bracketing [[un+event]+ful] leads to completely different semantics. "Re-bracketing" is the process of seeing the same word as a different morphological decomposition, especially where the new etymology becomes the conventional norm. The name "false splitting", also called "misdivision", in particular is often reserved for the case where two words mix but still remain two words (as in the "noodle" and "eagle" examples above).

The name "juncture loss" may be specially deployed to refer to the case of an article and a noun fusing (such as if "the jar" were to become "(the) thejar" or "an apple" were to become "(an) anapple"). Loss of juncture is especially common in the cases of loanwords and loan phrases in which the recipient language's speakers at the time of the word's introduction did not realize an article to be already present (e.g. numerous Arabic-derived words beginning "al-" ("the"), including "algorithm", "alcohol", "alchemy", etc.). Especially in the case of loan phrases, "juncture loss" may be recognized as substandard even when widespread (e.g. "the hoi polloi", where Greek "hoi" = "the", and "the Magna Carta", in which no article is necessary because "magna carta" is borrowed rather than calqued, Latin's lack of articles makes the original term either implicitly definite or indeterminate with respect to definiteness [in this context, the former], and the English phrase's proper-noun status renders unnecessary any further determination through the use of an article).

As a statistical change within a language within any century, "rebracketing" is a very weak statistical phenomenon. Even during phonetic template shifts, it is at best only probable that 0.1% of the vocabulary may be rebracketed in any given century.

"Rebracketing" is part of the process of language change, and often operates together with sound changes that facilitate the new etymology.

"Rebracketing" is sometimes used for jocular purposes, for example "psychotherapist" can be rebracketed jocularly as "Psycho the rapist", and "together in trouble" can be rebracketed jocularly as "to get her in trouble".
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Examples of false splitting

In English

For a list of words relating to examples of "juncture loss" in English, see the English rebracketings category of words in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

As demonstrated in the examples above, the primary reason of "juncture loss" in English is the confusion between "a" and "an". In Medieval script, words were often written so close together that for some Middle English scholars it was hard to tell where one began and another ended. The results include the following words in English:

• "adder": Middle English "a naddre" ("a snake") taken for "an addre".
• "aitchbone": Middle English "a nachebon" ("a buttock bone") taken for "an hach boon".
• "another", formed by combining "an other" into one word, is sometimes colloquially split into "a nother" and a qualifier inserted as in "a whole nother issue".
• "apron": Middle English "a napron" taken for "an apron".
• "auger": Middle English "a nauger" taken for "an auger".
• "decoy": Most commonly thought to stem from Dutch "de kooi", in which "de" is the definite article and "kooi" means "cage". An alternative theory is that the Dutch compound noun "eendenkooi", earlier spelled "eendekooi", meaning "duck decoy", from "eend" "duck" + "kooi", was reanalyzed and split, in the process of being transferred to English, as "een dekooi", in which "een" is the Dutch indefinite article.
• "eyas": Middle English "a niyas" (from French "niais" from Late Latin "nidiscus" (from Latin "nidus" = "nest")) taken for an "eias".
• "humble pie": Middle English "a numble" taken for "an umble" (ultimately from Latin "lumbulus", this is also an example of homorganicness).
• "impious": originally "im-pious", now pronounced as though "imp-ious"
• "lone": Middle English "al one" ("all one") taken for "a-lone".
• "newt": Middle English "an eute" (cognate with "eft") taken for "a neute".
• "nickname": Middle English "an eke name" ("an additional name") taken for "a neke name".
• "the nonce": Middle English, for old English "þen anes" ("the one" [occasion]).
• "nuncle" (dialectal form of "uncle"): Middle English "mine uncle" taken for "my nuncle".
• "omelette": Seventeenth-century English loanword from French, developed there via earlier forms "amelette", "alemette" and "alemelle" from "la lemelle" ("the omelette") taken for "l'alemelle"; ultimately from Latin "lamella" ("blade"), perhaps because of the thin shape of the "omelette" (SOED).
• "ought" ["zero"]: Middle English "a nought" ("a nothing") taken for "an ought". Ultimately distinct from Old English "naught" ("nothing"), of complex and convergent etymology, from "na" ("not") and "wight" ("living thing", "man"), but cf. "aught" ("anything", "worthy", etc.), itself ultimately from "aye" ("ever") and "wight" (SOED).
• "tother": Old English (now dialectal) "that other" taken for "the tother".
• "umpire": Middle English "a noumpere" taken for "an oumpere".

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Examples of "juncture loss"

• "ajar" from "on char" ("on turn").
• "alligator" from Spanish "el lagarto" ("the lizard").
• "alone" from "all one".
• "atone" from "at one".

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Jens Otto Harry Jespersen (* 16. Juli 1860 in Randers; † 30. April 1943 in Roskilde) war ein dänischer Linguist, der auf die englische Sprache spezialisiert war.
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Jens Otto Harry Jespersen (16 July 1860 – 30 April 1943) was a Danish linguist who specialized in the grammar of the English language.
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Let's look at the pattern of this week's words.

• "a napron" became "an apron"
• "l'ejade" became "le jade"
• "la munition" became "l'ammunition"
• "el lagarto" became "ellagarto", changing to "alligator"

In each case the division between two word-units shifted, to create a new word. This sort of change is common enough to have a name.

"metanalysis" – more generally: creation of a new word by reinterpreting the form of an old one

especially: such word-creation by reinterpreting the division between words (or between other units: roots, prefixes, etc.)

I have ventured to coin the word "metanalysis" for the phenomenon frequent in all languages that words or word-groups are by a new generation analyzed differently from the analysis of a former age.



Otto Jespersen (1914)

Jespersen in the above quote is more careful than I was. He makes no judgment of right or wrong: the change is not a mistake, but simply a new analysis by a new generation. In that spirit, perhaps this theme should not have been called "False Starts". A better name would have been "New Beginnings".

This week we've seen, in various tongues, migrating sounds involving a noun preceded by the definite or indefinite article ("the", or "a" or "an"). Thus "an apron" from "a napron", and "ammunition" from French "la (the) munition". Here is a migration involving a different preceding word, part of a familiar phrase. I crib from OED.

"rass" – Jamaican slang (coarse): the buttocks; also, a term of contempt [from "shove it up your arse".]

"Rass, man! Ah doan talk wid buckra." The expression "rass" is Jamaican for "shove it".

Ian Fleming, The Man with the Golden Gun

"Napron" lost an "n" by metanalysis, to become "apron". Here is a word that gained an "n".

"eke" – verb: "to add to", with the sense of making something go further by supplying what is missing, as "to eke out extra income". Gestures can eke out the meaning of your words.

It took hundreds of thousands of dollars in last-minute ads from a panicked National Republican Senatorial Committee for Burns to eke out a 14,000-vote win …

David Sirota, Washington Monthly, Dec. 2004

Thus an "eke-name" is an additional name given to a person. That's "an eke-name", but the "n" migrated to make it "a neke-name", which became "a nickname".

English "noumpere" (among other spellings) meant "one who decides a dispute". [From French adj. "nonper" [having] "no-par" or "no-peer"; "surpassing all others", and noun "nomper"; "one who so surpasses", for the essence of decider's role is to be above and apart from the parties.] The initial "n" then migrated, and "a noumpere" became "an oumpere" or "umpire"; later, the word "umpire" was extended to mean "one who decides" in sports.

precocious (W3)

We've got 200 anagrams for precocious

"precocious": Occurring early, as flowers appearing before the leaves; hysteranthous.

"precocious"

ADJECTIVE:

• 1. Manifesting or characterized by unusually early development or maturity, especially in mental aptitude.
• 2. Botany Blossoming before the appearance of leaves.

ETYMOLOGY: From Latin "praecox", "praecoc-", "premature", from "praecoquere", "to boil before", "ripen early": "prae-", "pre-" + "coquere", "to cook", "ripen"; see "pekw-" in Appendix I.

OTHER FORMS:

• precocious·ly —ADVERB
• precocity (-ks-t) , pre·cocious·ness —NOUN

Zea mays ( Precocious Corn )

"Precocious" means ripened by the sun before it has attained its full growth; premature; a development of mind or body beyond one’s age. (Latin, prœ coquo.)

Title: Effects of Adult Male Cohabitation on Precocious Puberty in Early Weaning Female Guinea Pigs : COMMUNICATION : Reproductive Biology
Genre: Article
Date of Publication: 1988
Original Publication: Zoological science.
Volume: 5
Pages: 1137 - 1139

View Article

precocious

Precocious Piggy

lat. "coquo"

"apricot", "biscuit", "concoet", "concoction", "cook", "cookbook", "cooker", "cookery", "cuisine", "kitchen", "kitchenette", "precocious", "precocity", "terra-cotta" (adj.), "uncooked"

"Doronomyrmex pocahontas" Buschinger 1979 (ant)

Named for Princess "Matoaka", "precocious" daughter of Chief "Powhatan" who served as a bridge between the Native Americans and the English settlers of Jamestown. She is better known by her father's nickname for her, "Pocahontas", which means "little mischievous one".

The ant, from Alberta, Canada, is a threatened species.

engl. "precocious": "Appearing or developing early". For example, certain Magnolia flowers appear in early spring, before the leaves.

engl. "Precocious Yellow Gene": A gene of hybrid Cucurbita pepo squash, the presence of which causes yellowing of the first true leaves in cool weather and yellow fruit from the beginning.

"precocious"

"precocious dentition"

"precociously"

"precociousness"

"puberty, precocious"

"precocious", adjective

• unusually advanced or mature in development, especially mental development: a precocious child.
• prematurely developed, as the mind, faculties, etc.
• of or relating to premature development.
• Botany: flowering, fruiting, or ripening early, as plants or fruit.
• Botany: bearing blossoms before leaves, as plants.
• Botany: appearing before leaves, as flowers.

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Origin of "precocious": 1640–50; Latin "praecoci-", stem of "praecox" (see "precocity") + "-ous"
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Origin of "precocity": 1630–40; - French "précosité", equivalent to "précose" (- Latin "praecoci-", stem of "praecox" "early ripening", adj. derivative of "praecoquere" "to bake or ripen early"; see "pre-", "cook") + "-ité" "-ity"
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Origin of "cook": before 1000; (noun) Middle English "cok", "coke", Old English "coc" (compare Old Norse "kokkr", German "Koch", Dutch "kok") - Latin "cocus", "coquus", derivative of "coquere" "to cook"; akin to Greek "péptein" (see "peptic"); (v.) late Middle English "coken", derivative of the noun.

"precocious" (adj.), 1640s, "developed before the usual time" (of plants), with "-ous" + Latin "praecox" (genitive "praecocis") "maturing early", from "prae" "before" (see "pre-") + "coquere" "to ripen", literally "to cook" (from PIE root ide. "*pekw-" "to cook", "ripen"). Originally of flowers or fruits. Figurative use, of persons, dates from 1670s. Related: "Precociously"; "precociousness".

Related Entries

• ide. "*pekw-"
• -ous
• pre-
• apricot
• dementia
• precocity

"precocious":

• 1) A fish that has matured quickly, or faster than the remaining fish of its age-class,
• 2) any early formation of a structure during embryonic development compared to the typical timing.

precocious (adjective)

"precocious": Exhibiting unusually mature qualities at an early age.

A combination of the Latin stem "pre-", meaning "before", and "coquere", "to cook" or "ripen", eventually led to English "precocious", which, in its original sense, described "plants that bore fruit or blossoms early in the season".

Today "precocious" more often describes youngsters who might be described as "early bloomers". (The "coquere" in "precocious", by the way, is a relative of English "cook".)

P"recocious": Unusually early development of intellectual powers, speech, physical traits, and so on.

"Precocious puberty": The onset of secondary sexual characteristics, such as breast buds in girls, growth of the penis and thinning of the scrotum in boys, and the appearance of pubic hair in both sexes, before the normal age of puberty. (E?)(L?) https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/puberty

Puberty and "Precocious Puberty"

The onset of puberty, the time in life when a person becomes sexually mature, typically occurs between ages 8 and 13 for girls and ages 9 and 14 for boys. "Precocious puberty" is puberty that begins abnormally early, and "delayed puberty" is puberty that begins abnormally late. The NICHD and other NIH Institutes and federal agencies support and conduct research on the causes of "precocious puberty" and "delayed puberty". They also investigate the biology and chemistry of normal puberty to shed light on the mechanisms responsible for "precocious puberty" and "delayed puberty".
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"Precocious puberty"

Puberty is the time during which a person's sexual and physical characteristics mature. "Precocious puberty" is when these body changes happen earlier than normal.
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"precocious", adjective:

• 1: exceptionally early in development or occurrence precocious puberty
• 2: exhibiting mature qualities at an unusually early age a precocious child

• Other Words from precocious
• Synonyms & Antonyms
• Did You Know?
• More Example Sentences
• Learn More about precocious

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Did You Know?

"Precocious" got started in Latin when the prefix "prae-", meaning "ahead of", was combined with the verb "coquere", meaning "to cook" or "to ripen", to form the adjective "praecox", which means "early ripening" or "premature". By 1650, English speakers had turned "praecox" into "precocious" and were using it especially of plants that produced blossoms before their leaves came out. By the 1670s, "precocious" was also being used to describe humans who developed skills or talents before others typically did.
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First Known Use of "precocious": 1650, in the meaning defined at sense 1

History and Etymology for "precocious": Latin "praecoc-", "praecox" "early ripening", "precocious", from "prae-" + "coquere" "to cook"

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Did You Know?

"Precocial" and its partner "altricial" are really for the birds. Well, at least they are often used to describe the young of our feathered friends. The chicks of "precocial" birds can see as soon as they hatch and generally have strong legs and a body covered with fine down. Those are attributes you would expect in birds described by the word "precocial", which traces to the Latin "precox", a term that means "precocious" or "early ripening" (yes, that root also gave us the word "precocious"). Ducks, geese, ostriches, pheasants, and quail are among the birds that hatch "precocial" offspring. "Altricial" chicks, on the other hand, are basically featherless and helpless at birth and require days or weeks of parental care before becoming independent.
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“Precocious Children,” by Samuel Goodrich; excerpted from Fireside Education (from The Mother’s Assistant, September 1844; p. 58)
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We found 41 dictionaries with English definitions that include the word "precocious"

Pablo Picasso’s Masterful Childhood Paintings: Precocious Works Painted Between the Ages of 8 and 15

The Precocious Baby - a Very True Tale – William Schwenck Gilbert

Mozart was so precocious that, at the age of 35, he was already dead!

Fabrice

What rhymes with "precocious"?

Synonymes for "precocious"

Synonymes for "precocious dentition"

Synonymes for "precociousness"

The Most Beautiful-Sounding Words in English

Competitions and Composition
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Ilan Stavans, a Mexican-American essayist and lexicographer, dismissed the "clichés" on a British Council survey of beautiful words (which included "mother", "passion", and "smile") and instead nominated "moon", "wolverine", "anaphora", and "precocious".
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"Precocious Puberty" (Early Puberty)

What is precocious puberty?

Precocious puberty means having the signs of puberty (development of breasts, testes, pubic and underarm hair; body odor; menstrual bleeding; and increased growth rate) earlier than usual. Precocious puberty is puberty that starts before age 8 in a girl or 9 in a boy.
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More on winetalk culture
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The Guardian article also says that

• In February, an Arizona linguist reported that 20 years ago, wine buffs talked of vintages as "clean" or "cloying", "piquant" or "plump", or even "transcendental" or "twiggy".
• By last year, the latest bottlings had become, among many other things, "dumb", "precocious", "harmonious", "barnyard", "reticent" and even "intellectual".

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Crimson worm rhapsody
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Just to increase my discomfiture, John Anderson (thanks a lot, John) has insisted on reminding me of the following facts about the staggeringly widespread Indo-European language family, which more than a millennium ago had already established itself from Iceland in the north-west to Ceylon (now Sri Lankaa) in the south-east, and was once found as far east as Chinese Turkestan:

the English word "head" is actually related in ancestry not only to "capital" but also to "chapter"; "precocious" is historically connectable to "apricot"; the word "hound" is related to "cynic"; and "weird" is related to "rhombus" (and "worm" and "rhapsody" and "stalwart" and "vertebra" and "wrath" and "wrong" and "wrestle" and "briar", of course). I repeat, I know perfectly well that these things are true. I just can't make it feel like they are.]
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precocious

Sunday, August 2nd

"precocious"

Somethin' from the Oven Word of the Day:

This word started out referring to plants that matured early but since people do that as well, it was only a matter of time before the word got its more usual meaning: to characterize someone developed beyond their years in some capacity. The Latin roots, curiously enough, mean "pre-cooked".

• "precocious" characterized by exceptionally early development
• "precocious" dentition teething at an earlier age than expected
• "precociously" in a precocious manner
• "precociousness" intelligence achieved far ahead of normal developmental schedules

Learning the Proper Pronunciation

Posted by grantbarrett on May 2, 2014 · Add Comment

"Precocious" readers need not be ashamed of mispronouncing words like "misled" or "epitome" — it’s never too late to actually hear it pronounced properly for the first time, although it can be a little embarrassing.

Arabic Sayings

Posted by Grant Barrett on May 19, 2012 · Add Comment

The Arabic idiom "in the apricot season" translates to "in your dreams", presumably because the growing season for this fruit is so brief. Incidentally, the etymological root of "apricot", which means "to ripen early", is shared with the word "precocious". The Egyptian Arabic saying "ate the camel and all it carried" is the equivalent of "to eat someone out of house and home".

Precocious refers to earlier-than-normal development. The term may refer to:

• Precocious puberty, a developmental disorder
• Precocious (horse), a horse

Sir Thomas Browne; 19 October 1605 – 19 October 1682) was an English polymath and author of varied works which reveal his wide learning in diverse fields including science and medicine, religion and the esoteric. His writings display a deep curiosity towards the natural world, influenced by the scientific revolution of Baconian enquiry. Browne's literary works are permeated by references to Classical and Biblical sources as well as the idiosyncrasies of his own personality. Although often described as suffused with melancholia, his writings are also characterised by wit and subtle humour, while his literary style is varied, according to genre, resulting in a rich, unique prose which ranges from rough notebook observations to polished Baroque eloquence.
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Literary influence

Browne is widely considered one of the most original writers in the English language. The freshness and ingenuity of his mind invested everything he touched with interest; while on more important subjects his style, if frequently ornate and Latinate, often rises to the highest pitch of stately eloquence. His paradoxical place in the history of ideas, as equally, a devout Christian, a promoter of the new inductive science and adherent of ancient esoteric learning, have greatly contributed to his ambiguity in the history of ideas. For these reasons, one literary critic succinctly assessed him as "an instance of scientific reason lit up by mysticism in the Church of England".

However, the complexity of Browne's labyrinthine thought processes, his highly stylised language, along with his many allusions to Biblical, Classical and contemporary learning, along with esoteric authors, are each contributing factors for why he remains obscure, little-read and thus, misunderstood.

Browne appears at No. 69 in the Oxford English Dictionary's list of top cited sources. He has 775 entries in the OED of first usage of a word, is quoted in a total of 4131 entries of first evidence of a word, and is quoted 1596 times as first evidence of a particular meaning of a word.

Examples of his coinages, many of which are of a scientific or medical nature, include

• "ambidextrous"
• "antediluvian"
• "analogous"
• "approximate"
• "ascetic"
• "anomalous"
• "carnivorous"
• "coexistence"
• "coma"
• "compensate"
• "computer"
• "cryptography"
• "cylindrical"
• "disruption','ergotisms"
• "electricity"
• "exhaustion"
• "ferocious"
• "follicle"
• "generator"
• "gymnastic"
• "hallucination"
• "herbaceous"
• "holocaust"
• "insecurity"
• "indigenous"
• "jocularity"
• "literary"
• "locomotion"
• "medical"
• "migrant"
• "mucous"
• "prairie"
• "prostate"
• "polarity"
• "precocious" - 1650 in "Pseudodoxia Epidemica": "Many precocious trees, and such as have their spring in the winter, may be found in most parts of Europe."
• "pubescent"
• "therapeutic"
• "suicide"
• "ulterior"
• "ultimate
• "veterinarian"

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Book II. S.112, Zeile 13:

"Certainly many precocious trees, and such as have their spring in the winter, may be found in most parts of Europe."

False Starts and New Beginnings: "apron"; "alligator"; "jade"; "munition" ("ammunition"); "metanalysis"; "rass"; "eke" ("nickname"); "umpire" ("noumpere"); "precocious" ("apricot")
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"precocious" – showing unusually early mental development (not necessarily complimentary)

Etymology starts with Latin "coquere" "to cook" or, figuratively, "to ripen". So an "early-ripening" fruit or flower would be "præ-" "before" + "coquere", or "præcox". In English "prœcox" became "precocious". It first applied to fruits and flowers, but soon was used figuratively for "early maturing" persons, and the latter use is now far more common.

"Præcox" also leads us to today's word, an "early-ripening" fruit which in Latin was described as, and later named, "præcocquum". Traveling east, in Greek it became "prekokkia" and then "berikokkia", and thence the Arabic "birquq". The Arabs carried "al-birquq" ("the birquq") back westward through northern Africa and into the Iberian peninsula, and by metanalysis the "al" became attached as part of the word: "albarcoque", "al-borcoq", "albricoque", "albaricoque" and "abercoc" (O.Sp; Sp.Arab; Port.; Span.; Catalan). Also "abricot" Fr. and "albercoccia" Ital.

Do you recognize this fruit? It is the "apricot". One new-beginning is that the Arabic "al" ("the") had become attached. ("Alcohol" was similarly formed from "al-kohl".) A second change is that in English the "abr-" beginning changed to "apr-", as in Shakespeare:

Go, bind thou up yon dangling "apricocks",
Which, like unruly children, make their sire
Stoop with oppression of their prodigal weight:

– King Richard II, Act 3, Scene 4

No one is sure why the "abr-" changed to "apr-". Perhaps it is because the word was mistakenly thought to derive from [lat.] "aprico coctus", "ripened in a sunny place".
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precocious (adjective), more precocious, most precocious

• 1. A reference to a person who is more mentally developed than is usual at a certain age: Little six-year old Max is a precocious boy with his cognitive skills and intelligence.
• 2. Relating to something that takes place at an early stage of development: One kind of magnolia produces precocious flowers before the leaves appear.
• 3. Etymology: from Latin "praecox", "praecoc-"; from "praecoquere" "to ripen fully"; from "prae", "before" + "coquere", "to cook" + "-ious", "characterized by".

• precocious pseudopuberty (1)
• precociously (1)
• precociousness (1)

true precocious puberty

• puber-, pubo-, pub-, pubio- (Latin: adult, mature; sign of [sexual] maturity, especially the growth of pubic hair; extended to mean the "pubic bone") (one matching result)
• phago-, -phagia, -phagy (eat, eating; consume, ingest): acridophage to dysphagia, part 1 of 4 (one matching result)
• gyno-, gyn- (woman, women, female, females): gynemimetophilia to trigynous, part 2 of 2 (one matching result)
• pre- (prae-) (one matching result)

"precocious" a. [L. "praecox", -ocis, and "praecoquus", fr. "praecoquere" "to cook or ripen beforehand"; "prae" "before" + "coquere" "to cook". See 3d "Cook", and cf. "Apricot".]
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Newsletter 820 - 23 February 2013
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Several readers pointed out following my piece on "nidicolous" and "nidifugous" that two other terms form a pair with senses that are equivalent. They are "altricial" and "precocial", introduced by the Swedish zoologist Carl Jakob Sundevall in 1836.

He coined the former from Latin "altrix", foster mother or wet nurse. "Altricial" refers to a bird or other animal born in an underdeveloped stage, needing care and feeding by the parent, the same idea as "nidicolous".

The latter is from scientific Latin "praecoces", the plural of classical Latin "praecox", early or premature. (You may know it from "dementia praecox", literally "early insanity", an old medical term for schizophrenia that presents in adolescence; it's also the root of "precocious".) "Precocial" means a creature hatched or born in an advanced state, able to feed itself almost immediately, the same sense as "nidifugous". It's curious that we've ended up with two equivalent pairs of technical terms.
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"precocious"