Etymologie, Etimología, Étymologie, Etimologia, Etymology, (griech.) etymología, (lat.) etymologia, (esper.) etimologio
UK Vereinigtes Königreich Großbritannien und Nordirland, Reino Unido de Gran Bretaña e Irlanda del Norte, Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord, Regno Unito di Gran Bretagna e Irlanda del Nord, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, (esper.) Britujo
Kontakt, Contacto, Contact, Contatto, Contact, (esper.) kontaktoj

A

ku-eichstaett
JOACHIM GRZEGA
ADIEU, BYE-BYE, CHEERIO: THE ABC OF LEAVE-TAKING TERMS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE HISTORY

(E?)(L?) http://www1.ku-eichstaett.de/SLF/EngluVglSW/grzega1051.pdf

Abstract

The article gives a chronological overview of the leave-taking terms in English language history. In a second approach the leave-taking terms are classified according to the motivation that is the basis for a specific coinage. Expressive expressions, wishes for God’s protection and wishes for a good time or health are shown to be especially prominent. Furthermore, there are a few loan expressions. The article also tries to explain words and phrases whose origin is unclear: "73" is shown to be an unmotivated, accidental Morse expression; "So long" is considered a Norwegian loan translation; evidence is given to see the origin "Good-bye" in the phrase "God buy you". It also shows that many phrases become phonetically reduced (and opaque) and/or semantically "void", which forces the speech community (or particular groups to invent new phrases.
...
... We still have Fr. "adieu" = "to God", It. "addio" (dito), Sp. "adios" (dito), G.dial. "Grüß Gott" = "may God greet [you]".
...


attn: (W3)

Die Abkürzung engl. "attn:" steht für engl. "for the attention of" und entspricht dt. "z. H." = dt. "zu Händen von".

Erstellt: 2011-09

B

bid (W3)

Das engl. "bid" hat zwei Ursprünge.

Das "bid" = "entbieten" ("bid farewell" = "Gruß entbieten") geht zurück über altengl. "biddan" = "bitten", "fragen", "fordern" zurück auf vorgerm. "*bithjan" = "bitten" und ide. "*bhidh-" = "befehlen", "überreden", "glauben" (griech. "peithein" = "überreden", "überzeugen", "pistis" = "Glaube"; lat. "fidere" = "trauen", "vertrauen", lat. "foedus" = "Bestimmung", "Gesetz", "Anordnung").

Das zweite engl. "bid" = "bieten" geht über altengl. "beodan" = "anbieten", "erklären", "ausrufen", zurück auf vorgerm. "*biudanan" = "to ausstrecken", "greifen", "präsentieren", (dt. "bieten") und ide. "*bh(e)udh-" = "anbieten". Über sanskrit "bodhati" = "sich einer Sache bewußt sei", "aufmerksam sein", "bemerken" hängt es zusammen mit "buddhah" = "erleuchtet" ("Buddha" = "der Erleuchtete"); (O.C.S. "bljudo" = "to observe"; Lith. "budeti" = "to be awake"; O.Ir. "buide" = "contentment", "thanks").

(E?)(L?) http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=bid


(E?)(L?) https://www.dictionary.com/browse/bid


BT (W3)

"BT" steht für "Britisch Telecom".

(E?)(L?) http://www.bt.com/


(E?)(L?) http://www2.bt.com/edq_resnamesearch
Telefonbuch der Britisch Telecom

Bye-Bye

(E?)(L?) http://www1.ku-eichstaett.de/SLF/EngluVglSW/grzega1051.pdf

...
"the derivation of "Good-bye" from "God be with you" is well documented formally and semantically.
...


C

c.c. (W3)

Die Abkürzung engl. "c.c." steht für engl. "carbon copy" und entspricht dt. "c.c." = dt. "als Kopie an".

Erstellt: 2011-09

Cheerio

(E?)(L?) http://www1.ku-eichstaett.de/SLF/EngluVglSW/grzega1051.pdf

...
"Cheer(i)o" - According to the OED the verb "cheer" (= "hurra rufen", "jubeln") was suffixed with the interjection "o" and later influenced by "cheery". An influence of "Hello" instead of "O" also seems possible.
...


c/o (W3)

Die Abkürzung engl. "c/o" steht für engl. "care of" und entspricht dt. "per Adresse".

Erstellt: 2011-09

contact (W3)

(E?)(L?) http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/contact


D

E

enc. (W3)

Die Abkürzung engl. "enc." steht für engl. "enclosure", "attachement" und entspricht dt. "Anlage".

Erstellt: 2011-09

F

G

galavant, gallivant (W3)

Das engl. "galavant" oder "gallivant" das etwa "Unterhaltung suchen", "flirten" bedeutet, ist vermutlich eine Abwandlung von "gallant" = "höflich", "ritterlich", "amourös".

ETYMOLOGY: Perhaps alteration of gallant.

(E?)(L?) https://www.dictionary.com/


good-bye (W3)

Engl. "goodbye" (1570) erinnert an "good day", "good morning", "good evening", "good night". Der erste Teil "good" wurde allerdings erst angepaßt nachdem der Ursprung in Vergessenheit geraten war. Engl. "good-bye" findet man ab 1590, engl. "goodbwye" um 1570, aber noch im 14. Jh. findet man die vollständige Form "God be with ye" = dt. "Gott sei mit dir".

(E6)(L1) http://www.anglizismenindex.de/


(E?)(L?) http://www.dummies.com/how-to/education-languages/All-Education-Languages.html?&sort=TITLE
Arabic Greetings and Good-Byes
When traveling in Arabic-speaking countries, you'll find that the words and phrases you use most frequently will be the common Arabic greetings. These words and phrases will quickly become second nature [more…]

Chinese Greetings and Good-Byes
When you're traveling in Chinese-speaking locations, you'll find that the words and phrases you use most frequently will be the common Chinese greetings. These words and phrases will quickly become second [more…]

French Greetings and Good-Byes
Knowing some common French greetings and good-byes will be indispensable when traveling in French-speaking countries. Saying hello and good-bye in French will quickly become second nature because you'll [more…]

German Greetings and Good-Byes
When traveling in German-speaking countries, you'll find that the words and phrases you use most frequently will be the common German greetings (Grüße) [more…]

Greeting and Saying Good-bye in Hebrew
Hebrew offers you many choices of ways to say hello and good-bye. Here are a few things to say in greeting: [more…]

Italian Greetings and Good-Byes
When traveling in Italy, you'll find that the words and phrases you use most frequently will be the common Italian greetings. The words and phrases will quickly become second nature as you use them day [more…]

Japanese Greetings and Good-Byes
When traveling in Japan, the words and phrases you'll use most frequently will be the common Japan greetings (gashi). These Japanese greetings and good-byes will quickly become second nature because you [more…]

(E?)(L?) http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=good-bye


(E?)(L?) http://www.hotforwords.com/2007/07/06/good-bye/
Good-Bye!

(E?)(L?) https://www.dictionary.com/browse/kiss-good-bye
kiss good-bye

(E?)(L?) http://www.takeourword.com/TOW163/page2.html#goodbye


(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1998
The Power Of Good-Bye - by Madonna

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1999
Little Good-Byes - by SHeDAISY

(E?)(L?) https://rpo.library.utoronto.ca/display/indextitle.html


(E?)(L?) http://wordswithoutborders.org/issues/_more_back_issues/2007/
December 2007 - Good-bye to All That: Partings

(E?)(L?) http://de.youtube.com/profile?user=hotforwords&view=videos


(E6)(L2) http://vote.jahrhunderthits.zdf.de/
Good-bye, my Love, Good-bye

(E?)(L?) http://web.archive.org/web/20080718023146/https://www.bartleby.com/68/
good-bye, good-by, goodbye, goodby

(E1)(L1) http://ngrams.googlelabs.com/graph?corpus=0&content=good-bye
Abfrage im Google-Corpus mit 15Mio. eingescannter Bücher von 1500 bis heute.

Engl. "good-bye" taucht in der Literatur nicht signifikant auf.

Erstellt: 2011-06

goodbye (W3)

Engl. "goodbye" (1570) erinnert an "good day", "good morning", "good evening", "good night". Der erste Teil "good" wurde allerdings erst angepaßt nachdem der Ursprung in Vergessenheit geraten war. Engl. "good-bye" findet man ab 1590, engl. "goodbwye" um 1570, aber noch im 14. Jh. findet man die vollständige Form "God be with ye" = dt. "Gott sei mit dir".

Eins sollte man noch erwähnen: Ohne "goodbye" hätte die Musikindustrie der letzten 50 Jahre wahrscheinlich arge Probleme gehabt.

(E?)(L?) http://web.archive.org/web/20080718023146/https://www.bartleby.com/68/
good-bye, good-by, goodbye, goodby

(E?)(L?) http://www.cocktaildreams.de/cooldrinks/allrecipes.php
Short Hello And Long Goodbye

(E?)(L?) https://web.archive.org/web/20180426030621/http://www.djfl.de/entertainment/djfl/

Goodbye Lover | Long Hello And Short Goodbye


(E?)(L?) http://www.dummies.com/how-to/education-languages/All-Education-Languages.html?&sort=TITLE
Arabic Greetings, Goodbyes, and Polite Expressions
In the Middle East, first impressions are very important, so don’t underestimate the importance of greetings. Remember to be courteous and use the informal ways of greeting people for old friends and relatives [more…]

Saying Hello and Goodbye in Russian
To greet one person with whom you're on informal ty (tih) terms, use the word Zdravstvuj (zdrah-stvooy; hello). To greet a person with whom you're on formal vy [more…]

Useful Expressions in French
Speaking in French when you greet or say goodbye to someone is appreciated by the locals, as well as being polite, even if it’s just using a few words. Practice your pronunciation of these helpful expressions [more…]

(E?)(L?) http://users.elite.net/runner/jennifers/goodbye.htm

"Goodbye" in more than 450 languages


(E?)(L?) http://www.fbw-filmbewertung.com/film/goodbye_bafana
Goodbye Bafana (2007)

(E?)(L?) http://www.fernsehserien.de/index.php?abc=G


(E?)(L?) http://filext.com/alphalist.php?extstart=%5EG

GOODBYE: Unknown Apple II File (found on Golden Orchard Apple II CD Rom)


(E?)(L1) http://www.gutenberg.org/browse/authors/h
Harris, Tom W. : Goodbye, Dead Man! (English) (as Author)

(E?)(L1) http://www.gutenberg.org/browse/authors/w
Whitman, Walt, 1819-1892: Complete Prose Works: Specimen Days and Collect, November Boughs and Goodbye My Fancy (English) (as Author)

(E?)(L?) http://hotword.dictionary.com/hello-is-it-true-that-goodbye-is-actually-short-for-a-religious-phrase/
Is it true that “goodbye” is actually short for a religious phrase?

(E?)(L?) http://www.kinofenster.de/filmeundthemen/filmsuche.html/G
Goodbye Bafana (Deutschland, Belgien, Frankreich, Südafrika, Italien, Großbritannien 2007)

(E?)(L?) http://www.kinowelt.de/trailer.php
Goodbye Lover

(E?)(L?) http://www.lib.ru/ENGLISH/american_idioms.txt
[kiss someone] or [something goodbye]

(E?)(L?) http://www.moviemaze.de/filme/1784/goodbye-bafana.html

Goodbye Bafana
...
Goodbye Bafana, "Bafana" bedeutet in der Xhosa-Sprache "Freund", erweist sich trotzdem als ein gelungener, aber kommerzieller Beitrag zur Aufarbeitung der Apartheid und Entdeckung eines lange ignorierten Kontinents. Und das ist immer noch sehenswert.


(E1)(L1) http://www.onelook.com/wotd-archive.shtml


(E?)(L?) http://www.onelook.com/?w=goodbye&loc=wotd


(E2)(L1) https://www.dictionary.com/browse/goodbye


(E?)(L?) http://www.swr3.de/-/id=150658/x8ddjr/index.html


(E?)(L?) http://www.swr.de/swr1/bw/musik/musiklexikon/-/id=446280/nid=446280/did=714274/hmp15l/index.html


(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1958
Goodbye Baby - by Jack Scott

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1959
Goodbye Jimmy, Goodbye - by Kathy Linden

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1961
Goodbye Cruel World - by James Darren

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1962
What's So Good About Goodbye - by The Miracles

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1963
Don't Say Goodnight And Mean Goodbye - by The Shirelles

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1963
Hello Heartache, Goodbye Love - by Little Peggy March

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1964
Goodbye Baby (Baby Goodbye) - by Solomon Burke

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1965
Bye, Bye, Baby (Baby, Goodbye) - by The 4 Seasons

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1967
Hello Goodbye - by The Beatles

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1967
Then You Can Tell Me Goodbye - by The Casinos

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1968
Goodbye My Love - by James Brown

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1968
Kiss Me Goodbye - by Petula Clark

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1968
Then You Can Tell Me Goodbye - by Eddy Arnold

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1969
Goodbye - by Mary Hopkin

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1969
Goodbye Columbus - by The Association

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1969
I Can't Say Goodbye - by Marty Robbins

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1969
Na Na Hey Hey Kiss Him Goodbye - by Steam

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1969
She Even Woke Me Up To Say Goodbye - by Jerry Lee Lewis

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1970
I Can't Seem To Say Goodbye - by Jerry Lee Lewis

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1971
Leavin' And Sayin' Goodbye - by Faron Young

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1971
Never Can Say Goodbye - by The Jackson 5

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1971
Never Can Say Goodbye - by Isaac Hayes

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1972
Goodbye To Love - by The Carpenters

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1973
Goodbye Yellow Brick Road - by Elton John

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1973
Neither One Of Us (Wants To Be The First To Say Goodbye) - by Gladys Knight & The Pips

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1974
Never Can Say Goodbye - by Gloria Gaynor

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1976
Don't Pull Your Love / Then You Can Tell Me Goodbye - by Glen Campbell

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1976
Kiss And Say Goodbye - by The Manhattans

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1976
Saying Hello, Saying I Love You, Saying Goodbye - by Jim Ed Brown / Helen Cornelius

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1976
You Never Miss A Real Good Thing (Till He Says Goodbye) - by Crystal Gayle

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1977
Goodbye Girl - by David Gates

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1978
Another Goodbye - by Donna Fargo

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1978
We'll Never Have To Say Goodbye Again - by England Dan & John Ford Coley

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1979
Goodbye Stranger - by Supertramp

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1979
Just Long Enough To Say Goodbye - by Mickey Gilley

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1980
It's Like We Never Said Goodbye - by Crystal Gayle

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1981
A Million Old Goodbyes - by Mel Tillis

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1981
Say Goodbye To Hollywood - by Billy Joel

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1982
Goodbye To You - by Scandal

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1982
I'm Never Gonna Say Goodbye - by Billy Preston

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1982
Somebody's Always Saying Goodbye - by Anne Murray

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1983
After The Last Goodbye - by Gus Hardin

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1983
How Many Times Can We Say Goodbye - by Dionne Warwick & Luther Vandross

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1983
The Sound Of Goodbye - by Crystal Gayle

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1985
Goodbye - by Night Ranger

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1985
She's Comin' Back To Say Goodbye - by Eddie Rabbitt

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1985
Too Late For Goodbyes - by Julian Lennon

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1986
Drinkin' My Baby Goodbye - by Charlie Daniels Band

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1986
Goodbye Is Forever - by Arcadia

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1987
Goodbye Saving Grace - by Jon Butcher

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1987
Goodbyes All We've Got Left - by Steve Earle

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1987
Kiss Him Goodbye - by The Nylons

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1987
Never Say Goodbye - by Bon Jovi

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1988
Goodbye Time - by Conway Twitty

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1988
I Wasn't The One (Who Said Goodbye) - by Agnetha Fältskog & Peter Cetera

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1989
Baby's Gotten Good At Goodbye - by George Strait

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1990
Kiss This Thing Goodbye - by Del Amitri

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1990
These Lips Don't Know How To Say Goodbye - by Doug Stone

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1990
Too Late To Say Goodbye - by Richard Marx

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1991
Hey That's No Way To Say Goodbye - by Ian McCulloch

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1991
It's So Hard To Say Goodbye To Yesterday - by Boyz II Men

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1992
Goodbye - by Tevin Campbell

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1993
Almost Goodbye - by Mark Chesnutt

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1993
A Bad Goodbye - by Clint Black with Wynonna Judd

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1993
Goodbye - by The Sundays

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1994
Don't Say Goodbye Girl - by Tevin Campbell

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1994
How Can I Help You Say Goodbye - by Patty Loveless

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1995
I Don't Believe In Goodbye - by Sawyer Brown

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1995
I Want My Goodbye Back - by Ty Herndon

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1995
Standing On The Edge Of Goodbye - by John Berry

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1996
Then You Can Tell Me Goodbye - by Neal McCoy

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1997
How A Cowgirl Says Goodbye - by Tracy Lawrence

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1997
Why Would I Say Goodbye - by Brooks & Dunn

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1998
Goodbye - by Spice Girls

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1998
Goodbye To My Homies - by Master P feat Silkk The Shocker, Sons Of Funk & Mo B. Dick

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1999
Goodbye Earl - by Dixie Chicks

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=2000
Goodbye Lament - by Iommi feat Dave Grohl

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=2001
Goodbye - by Jagged Edge

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=2001
The Kiss-Off (Goodbye) - by Brooke Allison

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=2001
The Long Goodbye - by Brooks & Dunn

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=2002
Beautiful Goodbye - by Jennifer Hanson

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=2002
Goodbye To You - by Michelle Branch

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=2005
Goodbye For Now - by P.O.D.

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=2005
Goodbye Time - by Blake Shelton

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=2006
Goodbye - by Army Of Anyone

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=2006
Here In Your Arms - by Hellogoodbye

(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=2006
Say Goodbye - by Chris Brown

(E?)(L?) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=2009
Goodbye - by Kristinia DeBarge

(E?)(L?) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=2009
Here Comes Goodbye - by Rascal Flatts

(E?)(L?) http://www.trailerseite.de/archiv/trailer-2007/goodbye-bafana-nelson-mandela-trailer.html
Goobye Bafana

(E?)(L?) http://www.translationdirectory.com/article_index_1901_2000.htm
1964 The translator’s point of view: goodbye quality, hello Quality!

(E?)(L?) http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Okay
okay thank you goodbye

(E?)(L1) http://www.urbandictionary.com/
arch drive goodbye

(E?)(L1) http://www.usingenglish.com/reference/idioms/k.html
Kiss something goodbye

(E6)(L2) http://www.voanews.com/specialenglish/wordbook-a.cfm
05 February 2008 - Between Hello and Goodbye, Learning the Rules of Telephone Etiquette - ''Smile before you pick up the phone, because the callers can hear it,'' says Nancy Friedman, also known as the Telephone Doctor

(E?)(L1) https://www.webopedia.com/Internet_and_Online_Services/Electronic_Mail
goodbye message

(E1)(L1) http://ngrams.googlelabs.com/graph?corpus=0&content=goodbye
Abfrage im Google-Corpus mit 15Mio. eingescannter Bücher von 1500 bis heute.

Engl. "goodbye" taucht in der Literatur um das Jahr 1730 / 1850 auf.

Erstellt: 2011-06

H

hello (W3)

Definitive original research puts the origin of "hello" to Edison in 1877.
Bei "collectorcafe" findet man einen mehrseitigen Artikel über das erste "hello:

(E1)(L1) http://www.collectorcafe.com/article_archive.asp?article=800&id=1508

The First "Hello!": Thomas Edison, the Phonograph and the Telephone - Part 1
Recently, Robert Feinstein found references to this word which intrigued us - namely that Thomas Edison originated and popularized the word "Hello" on the telephone. From this beginning, the research department at APM has been working overtime and has uncovered some astonishing links between this now classic greeting and the birth of two pivotal and related inventions of the 19th century - the telephone and the phonograph.
...


Dagegen scheint das "Oxford English Dictionary" anderer Auffassung zu sein:


The earliest appearance of the word "hello" was given as 1883, in a book by John Hay entitled ‘Breadwinners’ (which had appeared monthly in Century Magazine). There the word was used in conversation: "Hello, Andy! you asleep?" Well, the game was now afoot who was right - the Oxford or Francis Jehl?

Just to be on the safe side, we contacted the editors of the OED in England to see if any earlier dates had turned up since the set was printed - and to explain a puzzling 1854 reference in the Shorter OED. We were informed that the 1854 given was a "rogue date" (incorrect), and that 1883 was the earliest verified date they had.
...

(aus einem Beitrag des ADS)

(E1)(L1) http://www.word-detective.com/


(E1)(L1) http://www.wordorigins.org/index.php/site/hello/


(E?)(L?) http://www.elite.net/~runner/jennifers/
Greetings ("hello") in more than 800 languages

At Jennifer's Language Page you can learn how to say several words and phrases in hundreds of different languages.
Wondering how to say "hello" in Danish or "thank you" in Kurdish? Jennifer has a great collection of how to say common words and phrases in different languages with an extensive list of links to similar pages.

I

insincere (W3)

Engl. "insincere" (1620), "insincerely" = dt. "nicht echt", "nicht rein", "verfälscht", geht zurück auf lat. "insincerus", und setzt sich zusammen aus lat. "in-" = dt. "nicht" und lat. "sincerus" = dt. "rein", "unvermischt", "unverfälscht", "echt".

(E?)(L?) http://www.americandialect.org/woty/all-of-the-words-of-the-year-1990-to-present

1990 Word of the Year: bushlips, insincere political rhetoric. Most Likely to Succeed: (tie) notebook PC, a portable personal computer weighting 4-8 pounds, and rightsizing, adjusting the size of a staff by laying off employees. Most Useful: (tie) technostupidity, loss of ability through dependence on machines, and potty parity, equalization of toilet facilities for the sexes. Most Original: voice merging, the oral tradition of African-American preachers using another’s words. Most Amazing: bungee jumping, jumping from a high platform with elastic cables on the feet. Most Unnecessary: peace dividend, anticipated saving in military spending due to improved relations with the Soviet Union. Most Outrageous: politically correct, PC, adhering to principles of left-wing social concern.


(E?)(L?) http://www.amiright.com/real/insiartist/

Insincere Song Lyrics, ARTIST


(E?)(L?) http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=insincere


(E2)(L1) https://www.dictionary.com/browse/insincere


(E?)(L?) https://rpo.library.utoronto.ca/poems/insincere-wish-addressed-beggar

An Insincere Wish Addressed to a Beggar


(E1)(L1) http://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?corpus=0&content=insincere
Abfrage im Google-Corpus mit 15Mio. eingescannter Bücher von 1500 bis heute.

Engl. "insincere" taucht in der Literatur um das Jahr 1640 auf.

Erstellt: 2013-12

invite (W3)

Das engl. "invite" = "einladen" findet man schon als lat. "invitare" = "einladen".

J

K

ku.de
Grzega, Joachim
Adieu, Bye-Bye, Cheerio
The ABC of Leave-Taking Terms in English Language History

(E?)(L?) https://www1.ku.de/SLF/EngluVglSW/OnOn-Total.pdf

Seite 331

originally published in: Onomasiology Online 6 (2005): 56-64

JOACHIM GRZEGA

ADIEU, BYE-BYE, CHEERIO:

THE ABC OF LEAVE-TAKING TERMS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE HISTORY

Abstract

The article gives a chronological overview of the leave-taking terms in English language history. In a second approach the leave-taking terms are classified according to the motivation that is the basis for a specific coinage. Expressive expressions, wishes for God’s protection and wishes for a good time or health are shown to be especially prominent.

Furthermore, there are a few loan expressions. The article also tries to explain words and phrases whose origin is unclear: 73 is shown to be an unmotivated, accidental Morse expression; "So long" is considered a Norwegian loan translation; evidence is given to see the origin "Good-bye" in the phrase "God buy you". It also shows that many phrases become phonetically reduced (and opaque) and/or functionally “deprived”, which forces the speech community (or particular groups) to invent new phrases.
...
How do we find out about the ways people said good-bye in medieval Anglo-Saxon times? The difficulty of finding out about about spoken language in medieval times has been discussed several times; for Old English there are virtualy no records of or on spoken language, and most studies on historical pragmatics refrain from dwelling on Old English times (cf., e.g, the overview in Jucker et al. 1999b, Jucker 2000).
...


Erstellt: 2021-04

L

M

mail (W2)

(E?)(L?) http://www.net-and-law.de/de/netlaw/webimpressum/index.php


(E1)(L1) http://www.worldwidewords.org/topicalwords/tw-mai1.htm
Das mittelalterliche engl. "mail" bzw. "male" war eine Reisetasche (vgl. frz. "la malle" = "Reisekoffer"). Im 17.Jh. nahm "mail" es die Bedeutung für eine "Tasche zur Aufbewahrung von Briefen" an. Und allmählich bezog man den Begriff für die Tasche auf deren Inhalt.

mail-coach (W3)

Um 1800 kommt die Postkutsche, engl. "mail-coach" auf.

(E1)(L1) http://web.archive.org/web/20120331173214/http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Coach

...
The "stage-coach", with seats outside and in, was a public conveyance which was known in England from the 16th century, and before railways the stage-coaches had regular routes ("stages") all over the country; through their carrying the mails (from 1784) the term "mail-coach" arose.
...


(E?)(L?) https://www.cnrtl.fr/etymologie/mail-coach


N

O

P

Penny-Porto (W3)

(E?)(L?) http://www.ib.hu-berlin.de/~wumsta/infopub/textbook/umfeld/rehm71.html

...
1837 schlug der Engländer Rowland Hill (* Kidderminster 1795, † Hampstead [bei London] 1879), ein vormaliger Lehrer und späterer Generalpostmeister, dem Parlament die Einführung eines einheitlichen Portosatzes von einem Penny für den Brief vor. Seinen Vorschlag veröffentlichte Hill in einem Privatdruck mit dem Titel "Post 0ffice Reform; its importance and practibility", London 1837. Im August 1839 wurde vom britischen Parlament die "Ein-Penny-Grundgebühr" gesetzlich anerkannt. Ab 10. Januar 1840 galt im ganzen Empire das "Penny-Porto", und am 6. Mai 1840 wurden in Großbritannien die für den allgemeinen Gebrauch bestimmten ersten aufklebbaren Postwertzeichen (zu 1 Penny schwarz und 2 Pence blau) ausgegeben. Dieser Tag gilt als der offizielle "Tag der Einführung der ersten Briefmarke in der Welt".
...


PLC (W3)

"PLC" steht für "PowerLine Communication", einer Technik, mit der Sprache, Daten und Video über das Stromnetz übertragen werden können.

POB (W3)

Die Abkürzung engl. "POB" steht für engl. "Post Box" und entspricht dt. "Postfach".

Erstellt: 2011-09

p.p. (W3)

Die Abkürzung engl. "p.p." steht für lat. "per pro" = engl. "on behalf of" und entspricht dt. "i.A." = dt. "im Auftrag".

Erstellt: 2011-09

prithee (W3)

Das mittlerweile fast untergegangene engl. "prithee" = dt. "bitte" ist eine Verkürzung von engl. "I pray thee" des 16. Jh. (engl. "pray" = dt. "beten", "bitten").

(E?)(L?) http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=prithee


(E2)(L1) https://www.dictionary.com/browse/prithee


(E?)(L?) https://rpo.library.utoronto.ca/display/indextitle.html
Song: I prithee spare me gentle boy

(E1)(L1) http://www.wordsmith.org/awad/archives.html


(E?)(L?) http://wordsmith.org/awad/archives/0308


(E1)(L1) http://ngrams.googlelabs.com/graph?corpus=0&content=prithee
Abfrage im Google-Corpus mit 15Mio. eingescannter Bücher von 1500 bis heute.

Engl. "prithee" taucht in der Literatur um das Jahr 1640 / 1690 auf.

Erstellt: 2011-06

Q

R

S

she (W2)

(E2)(L1) http://www.americandialect.org/index.php/amerdial/1999_words_of_the_year_word_of_the_1990s_word_of_the_20th_century_word_of_t/
Word of the Past Millennium was "she".

Yes, "she", the feminine pronoun. Before the year 1000, there was no "she" in English; just "heo", which singular females had to share with plurals of all genders because it meant "they" as well. In the twelfth century, however, "she" appeared, and "she" has been with us ever since. "She" may derive from the Old English feminine demonstrative pronoun "seo" or "sio", or from Viking invasions.

The Oxford English Dictionary explains:


The phonetic development of various dialects had in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries rendered the pronouns "he" (masc.) and "heo" (fem.) almost or wholly indistinguishable in pronunciation. There was therefore, where these dialects were spoken, a strong motive for using the unambiguous feminine demonstrative instead of the feminine personal pronoun. Further, the districts in which "she" or "sho" first appears in the place of "heo" are marked by the abundance of Scandinavian elements in the dialect and place-names; and in Old Norse the demonstrative pronoun (of all genders) is often used as a personal pronoun.


sincere (W3)

Engl. "sincere" (1530) = dt. "aufrichtig" hat eine interessante Vergangenheit. Geboren wurde engl. "sincere" anscheinend in der Renaissance in Spanien. Die Bildhauer hatten nicht immer das Glück eine Werk gänzlich ohne Fehlstellen zuzuhauen. Gelegentlich hauten sie unbeabsichtigt etwas zu viel Stein weg. Diese korrigierten sie mit Wachs oder Lack. Die vollkommen fehlerfreien Werke wurden entsprechend als "Werk ohne Wachs" angepriesen. In der Fachsprache wurde dies als span. "sin cerae" = dt. "ohne Wachs" bezeichnet. Dieser Ausdruck fand ihren Weg in die allgemeine Sprache und so bezeichnete "sin cera" bald viele Dinge, die "ohne Makel" waren. Und auf dem Weg nach England wurde es zu engl. "sincere" und bedeutet nun allgemein dt. "aufrichtig", "ehrlich", "offen", "wahr", "echt", "rein", "lauter".

Ein einziger Hinweis bezieht die Bezeichnung lat. "sine cerae" = dt. "ohne Wachs" auf Honig, der gänzlich "ohne Bienenwachs" extrahiert wurde.

Zwei schöne Geschichten, die allerdings überwiegend als Volksetymologie eingeordnet werden. Aber die anerkanntere Version ist auch nicht ganz phantasielos.

Demnach geht engl. "sincere" zurück auf lat. "sincerus" = dt. "ganz", "gesamt", "rein", "sauber", "makellos", "authentisch", "ernsthaft", "aufrichtig", die über mfrz. "sincere" (16c.) ins Englische Eingang fand.

Und weiter zurück gehend steckt in engl. "sincere" die Bedeutung dt. "aus einem Stück gewachsen" und setzt sich zusammen aus ide. "*sm-ke-ro-", "*sem-" = dt. "eins" (das auch in engl. "same" steckt) und der Wurzel ide. "*ker-" = "wachsen" das man auch in lat. "crescere" = dt. "wachsen" findet.

comparative or superlative forms: "sincerer", "sincerest" or "more sincere", "most sincere".



(E1)(L1) https://www.allwords.com/wow-sincere.php


(E?)(L?) http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/etymology/f/Sincere.htm


(E1)(L1) http://www.babynamewizard.com/baby-name/boy/sincere
"Sincere" als Name.

(E1)(L1) https://www.bartleby.com/81/15400.html

Sincere (2 syl.)


(E?)(L?) http://www.deutsche-biographie.de/blaetternADB_S.html

Sincere, Claudius Freiherr


(E?)(L?) http://www.dummies.com/Section/Content-Search.id-324209.html?query=sincere

131 results for "sincere"


(E?)(L?) http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/developing-an-artistic-sensibility-for-screenwriti.html

Developing an Artistic Sensibility for Screenwriting

You've probably heard the saying "Imitation is the sincerest form of flattery." Now, that doesn't mean that you should copy the stories or even the style of other writers, but you may want to try moving through the world as they do.
...


(E?)(L?) http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=sincere


(E?)(L?) http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=sincerity


(E1)(L1) http://www.onelook.com/wotd-archive.shtml

2011-10-27: sincere


(E?)(L?) http://www.onelook.com/?w=sincere&loc=wotd

We found 36 dictionaries with English definitions that include the word sincere:
...


(E?)(L?) http://www.opensourceshakespeare.org/concordance/

sincere (4)


(E2)(L1) https://www.dictionary.com/browse/sincere


(E?)(L?) http://ald.sbg.ac.at/ald/ald-i/index.php?id=m661&lang=de

Sprachatlas des Dolomitenladinischen und angrenzender Dialekte, 1. Teil ("Sprechender")
743: sinceri / sincere


(E1)(L1) http://www.takeourword.com/Issue075.html

...
Some other English words derived from "*ker-" are "cereal", "create", and "increase".


(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1958

Are You Sincere - by Andy Williams


(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1979

Are You Sincere - by Elvis Presley


(E?)(L?) http://encyclopedie.uchicago.edu/node/175

SINCERE, NA, [Grammar; Grammaire; Gram.]


(E1)(L1) http://www.word-detective.com/061202.html#sincere


(E1)(L1) http://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?corpus=0&content=sincere
Abfrage im Google-Corpus mit 15Mio. eingescannter Bücher von 1500 bis heute.

Engl. "sincere" taucht in der Literatur um das Jahr 1570 auf.

Erstellt: 2013-12

Sincerely Yours - Rose

Als Schlußformel in Briefen oder E-Mails bedeutet engl. "Yours sincerely" = dt. "Mit freundlichen Grüßen", also wörtlich etwa "Ihr Aufrichtiger" oder "mit aufrichtigen Grüßen".


00 Hinweis: ----------------------------------- Hinweis: --------------------------------------------------------------
01 Hinweis: Bild Platzhalter
02 Hinweis: Bemerkung
03 Hinweis: Literatur
10 Name: -------------------------------------- Name: -----------------------------------------------------------------
11 Name: Sortier Name
12 Name: Exhibition Name
13 Name: Registration Name
14 Name: Synonyme Sincerely Yours, MORdort
15 Name: Auszeichnungen / Awards
20 Genealogie: -------------------------------- Genealogie: -----------------------------------------------------------
21 Genealogie: Gattung / Sektion / Art
22 Genealogie: Elternrosen / Herkunft / Parentage
23 Genealogie: Kinderrosen / Nachkommen
24 Genealogie: Sports / Mutationen
25 Genealogie: Verwendung / Utilisation / Gebruik / Use Miniature
26 Genealogie: Erscheinungsjahr / DOB (Date of Birth) 1991
27 Genealogie: Züchter / Entdecker / Breeder / Hybridizer Ralph S. Moore, US, 1991)
30 Blüte: ------------------------------------- Blüte: ----------------------------------------------------------------
31 Blüte: Farbe / Bloemkleur / Flower Colour Medium Red, Red
32 Blüte: Duft / Fragrance / Geurend / Scent Strength no fragrance
33 Blüte: Eigenschaften / Flowering Habit
34 Blüte: Blütenblätter-Anzahl / Petals 15 petals
35 Blüte: Form / Forme de la fleur / Bloom Shape
36 Blüte: Größe / Bloem / Bloom Size
37 Blüte: Typ / Bloom Type
38 Blüte: Zeit / Floraison / Bloeitijd / Flowering Period
39 Blüte: Bienenfreundlichkeit
40 Pflanze: ----------------------------------- Pflanze: --------------------------------------------------------------
41 Pflanze: Blätter, Laub / Feuillage / Foliage
42 Pflanze: Dornen / Stacheln / Thornyness
43 Pflanze: Hagebutten / Hips / Hip Colour / Hip Shape
44 Pflanze: Knospen / Buds
45 Pflanze: Stiele / Stems
50 Wuchs: ------------------------------------- Wuchs: ----------------------------------------------------------------
51 Wuchs: Form / Vorm / Growth Habit
52 Wuchs: Abstand / Dist. de plantation
53 Wuchs: Höhe / Taille / Height / Hauteur 20 - 40 cm
54 Wuchs: Weite / Width
60 Gesundheit: -------------------------------- Gesundheit: -----------------------------------------------------------
61 Gesundheit: Bodenansprüche / Cultivation
62 Gesundheit: Bakterien, Pilze, Viren
63 Gesundheit: Tierische Schädlinge
64 Gesundheit: Hitze
65 Gesundheit: Kälte
66 Gesundheit: Nässe
67 Gesundheit: Trockenheit
68 Gesundheit: Schatten
99 -------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------



(E?)(L?) http://web.archive.org/web/20080628054139/https://www.bartleby.com/68/3/5503.html

sincerely, faithfully, truly


(E?)(L?) http://www.business-english.de/daily_mail_quiz.day-2013-07-12.html


(E?)(L1) http://www.cigarettespedia.com/

Yours Sincerely


(E?)(L?) http://www.helpmefind.com/gardening/l.php?l=2.5779


(E?)(L?) http://www.kuriositas.com/search?q=Sincerely

Sincerely, The 1%


(E?)(L?) http://www.lettersofnote.com/2011/02/most-sincerely-yours.html

February 2011 15th: Most Sincerely Yours


(E?)(L2) http://www.ludwigsroses.co.za/flower/sincerely-yours/


(E?)(L?) http://www.opensourceshakespeare.org/concordance/

sincerely (3)


(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1955




(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1988

Sincerely - by The Forester Sisters


(E?)(L1) http://www.top40db.net/Find/Songs.asp?By=Year&ID=1989

Sincerely Yours - by Sweet Sensation [Female] with Romeo J.D.


Erstellt: 2013-12

snailmail

(E?)(L?) https://www.webopedia.com/TERM/s/snailmail.html
Normal postal mail, where an actual physical letter or package is delivered. The term didn't exist until electronic mail (e-mail) became so prevalent that there was a requirement to differentiate the two. Obviously, the term was invented by e-mail aficionados as a small barb directed at the relative slowness of physical transportation.

T

talk
tale
tell
taal (W3)

Das engl. "talk" = "reden", "sprechen" geht gemeinsam mit "tale" = "Erzählung", "Bericht" und engl. "tell" = "sagen", "erzählen" auf ein ide. "*dol" = "erzählen", "zählen" zurück. Als altengl. Form findet man "tellan" = "count", "recount", als germ. Form hat man die Form "*tal" bzw. "*taljan" konstruiert.

Im Niederländischen findet man "taal" = "Sprache", "Rede".

(E1)(L1) http://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.bartleby.com/61/roots/IE81.html


(E1)(L1) http://www.cornelsen.de/teachweb/1.c.42715.de?parentID=1.c.142406.de


(E1)(L1) http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=talk&searchmode=none


(E?)(L?) http://www.ned.univie.ac.at/publicaties/taalgeschiedenis/en/


(E?)(L?) https://www.dictionary.com/


U

V

W

X

Y

you
thou
ye
y'all
Höflichkeitspronomen (W3)

(E?)(L?) http://www2.uni-erfurt.de/sprachwissenschaft/index.htm

Publikationen: ASSidUE - Arbeitspapiere des Seminars für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Erfurt


(E1)(L1) http://www2.uni-erfurt.de/sprachwissenschaft/ASSidUE/ASSidUE18.pdf

ASSIDUE - Arbeitspapiere des Seminars für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Erfurt - Nr. 18
Typologie und Diffusion von Höflichkeitspronomina in Europa
Johannes Helmbrecht
...
Jespersens Hypothese ist außerdem korrekt insofern, als die direkt an Frankreich angrenzenden Königshöfe die Konvention der höflichen Anrede mit der 2PL etwa zur gleichen Zeit (Mittelalter) oder etwas später übernommen haben. Im Englischen wurde die T/V Distinktion auf der Basis der 2PL durch den Sprachkontakt mit der französischsprachigen normannischen Oberschicht in England im 12. Jht. übernommen. Sie breitete sich in der mittelenglischen Periode (12.-15.Jht.) aus.
...
Zu signifikanten formalen Umgestaltungen im Paradigma kommt es jedoch dann, wenn Höflichkeitspronomina ihre alte Funktion verlieren, oder in den Funktionsbereich eines anderen Pronomen in dem Paradigma eindringen. Im Mittelenglischen gab es einen etablierten Kontrast zwischen 2SG.FAM "thou" und 2SG.HON "ye" / "you". Wie im Französischen wurde die letztere auch für die 2PL verwendet (wobei in der 2PL die HON-FAM-Distinktion neutralisiert war). Gegen Ende der mittelenglischen Periode wurde der asymmetrische Gebrauch von "you" für die höfliche Anrede immer stärker generalisiert. Zugleich bekam der ebenfalls asymmetrische Gebrauch von "thou" eine immer stärker pejorative Bedeutung, bis man "thou" nur noch in ganz wenigen Kontexten religiöser Art überhaupt gebrauchen konnte.
Das Resultat dieser Entwicklung war, daß die Numerusdistinktion in der zweiten Person neutralisiert wurde, und daß zugleich die HON-Distinktion in der zweiten Person ebenfalls neutralisiert wurde und zwar durch das Eindringen von "you" in die Domäne der ursprünglichen 2SG.FAM "thou". Die Neutralisierung zumindest des so wichtigen Numeruskontrastes in der zweiten Person wird offensichtlich nicht toleriert.

Im US-amerikanischen Englisch wird die Numerusdistinktion wieder hergestellt durch Ausdrücke wie you guys, y'all, und einige andere. Das numerusindifferent "you" wird durch nominale Ausdrücke wie "guys" oder Quantoren wie "all" repluralisiert. Ein häufig beobachtbarer Vorgang in Personalpronomina. Die Form "y'all" wird im Südosten der USA inzwischen sogar als 2SG.HON verwendet, was ganz sicher ohne europäischen Einfluß bzw. Sprachkontakt erklärt werden muß.
...


Z

Bücher zur Kategorie:

Etymologie, Etimología, Étymologie, Etimologia, Etymology, (griech.) etymología, (lat.) etymologia, (esper.) etimologio
UK Vereinigtes Königreich Großbritannien und Nordirland, Reino Unido de Gran Bretaña e Irlanda del Norte, Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord, Regno Unito di Gran Bretagna e Irlanda del Nord, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, (esper.) Britujo
Kontakt, Contacto, Contact, Contatto, Contact, (esper.) kontaktoj

A

B

Brown, Penelope
Politeness
Some Universals in Language Usage
(Studies in Interactional Sociolinguistics)

Taschenbuch: 352 Seiten
Verlag: Cambridge University Press; Auflage: Reissue (Juni 1987)
Sprache: Englisch


Synopsis
This study is about the principles for constructing polite speech. The core of it first appeared in "Questions and Politeness", edited by Esther N. Goody (now out of print). It is here reissued with a new introduction which surveys the now considerable literature in linguistics, psychology and the social sciences that the original extended essay stimulated, and suggests new directions for research. The authors describe and account for some remarkable parallelisms in the linguistic construction of utterances with which people express themselves in different languages and cultures. A motive for these parallels is isolated - politeness, broadly defined to include both polite friendliness and polite formality - and a universal model is constructed outlining the abstract principles underlying polite usages. This is based on the detailed study of three unrelated languages and cultures: the Tamil of South India, the Tzeltal spoken by Mayan Indians in Chiapas, Mexico, and the English of the USA and England, supplemented by examples from other cultures. Underneath the apparent diversity of polite behaviour in different societies lie some general pan-human principles of social interaction, and the model of politeness provides a tool for analysing the quality of social relations in any society. This volume will be of special interest to students in linguistic pragmatics, sociolinguistics, applied linguistics, anthropology, and the sociology and social psychology of interaction.


C

D

E

F

Finkenstaedt, Thomas
You und Thou
Studien zur Anrede im Englischen

1963
Berlin: De Gruyter
(Mit einem Exkurs über die Anrede im Deutschen)
Gebundene Ausgabe

G

H

I

J

K

Kemp, A. C. (Autor)
The Perfect Insult for Every Occasion
Lady Snark's Guide to Common Discourtesy

Taschenbuch: 224 Seiten
Verlag: Adams Media; Auflage: illustrated edition (1. März 2008)
Sprache: Englisch


Kurzbeschreibung
This book tosses aside fluffy new age sensitivity in favour of embracing your inner wolverine. It explores the subtleties of each topic, including gender differences, word histories, and dangerous double meanings. Chapters include how to teach assertive language to a child, put-downs by and for each gender, put-downs for the office, and how to handle courtship. It is filled with boxes, legal disclaimers, and etymology, it's naughty, but very funny.


Erstellt: 2011-12

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Locher, Miriam A.
Power and Politeness in Action
Disagreement in Oral Communication

(Language, Power, and Social Process, 12)
"The aim of this study is to shed light on two phenomena that are both important in face-to-face interaction: power and politeness ..." (mehr)

Broschiert: 365 Seiten
Verlag: Gruyter; Auflage: 1 (Januar 2004)
Sprache: Englisch
Berlin, NY: Mouton de Gruyter


Synopsis
This study investigates the interface of power and politeness in the realization of disagreements in naturalistic language data. Power and politeness are important phenomena in face-to-face interaction. Disagreement is an arena in which these two key concepts are likely to be observed together. Both disagreement and the exercise of power entail a conflict. At the same time, conflict will often be softened by the display of politeness. The material for analysis comes from three different contexts: (1) a sociable argument in an informal, supportive, and interactive family setting; (2) a business meeting among colleagues at a research institution; and (3) examples from public discourse collected during the US Election in 2000.


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Rickheit, Gert
Situated Communication

Ed. by Gert Rickheit / Ipke Wachsmuth


This volume contains a selection of studies from the Collaborative Research Center "Situated Artificial Communicators". The contributions focus on different aspects of human-human and human-machine interaction in situations which closely model everyday workplace demands. The interdisciplinary approach integrates theory, description, and experimentation with simulation and evaluation.


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Watts, Richard J. (Hg., Vorwort)
Ide, Sachiko (Hg)
Ehlich, Konrad (Hg)
Politeness
Key Topics in Sociolinguistics

"Most of us are fairly sure we know what we mean when we describe someone's behaviour as 'polite' ..." (mehr)

Broschiert: 305 Seiten
Verlag: Cambridge University Press (25. September 2003)
Sprache: Englisch


Synopsis
During the last fifteen years, existing models of linguistic politeness have generated a huge amount of empirical research. Using a wide range of data from real-life speech situations, this new introduction to politeness breaks away from the limitations of current models and argues that the proper object of study in politeness theory must be commonsense notions of what politeness and impoliteness are. From this, Watts argues, a more appropriate model, one based on Bourdieu's concept of social practice, is developed. The book aims to show that the terms 'polite' and 'impolite' can only be properly examined as they are contested discursively. In doing so, 'polite' and 'impolite' utterances inevitably involve their users in a struggle for power. A radically new account of linguistic politeness, the book will appeal to students and researchers in a wide range of disciplines, in linguistics and the social sciences.



Synopsis
The second edition of this collection of 13 original papers contains an updated introductory section detailing the significance that the original articles published in 1992 have for the further development of research into linguistic politeness into the 21st century. The original articles focus on the phenomenon of politeness in language. They present the most important problems in developing a theory of linguistic politeness, which must deal with the crucial differences between lay notions of politeness in different cultures and the term 'politeness' as a concept within a theory of linguistic politeness. The universal validity of the term itself is called into question, as are models such as those developed by Brown and Levinson, Lakoff, and Leech. New approaches are suggested. In addition to this theoretical discussion, an empirical section presents a number of case studies and research projects in linguistic politeness. These show what has been achieved within current models and what still remains to be done, in particular with reference to cross-cultural studies in politeness and differences between a Western and a non-Western approach to the subject. The publication of this second edition demonstrates that the significance of the collection is just as salient in the first decade of the new millennium as it was at the beginning of the 1990s.


Watts, Richard J. (Hg., Vorwort)
Ide, Sachiko (Hg)
Ehlich, Konrad (Hg)
Politeness in Language
Studies in Its History, Theory and Practice

Broschiert: 404 Seiten
Verlag: Gruyter, Walter de GmbH; Auflage: 2nd (Februar 2006)
Sprache: Englisch
1992
Berlin/ NY: Mouton de Gruyter

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