"§"
calque
loan translation (W3)
Both "calque" and "loan translation" are first found in the 1930s.
Engl. "calque" = dt. "Pause", "Durchzeichnung", "Nachahmung", "Lehnübersetzung", geht zurück auf lat. "calcare" = dt. "treten auf".
(E?)(L?) https://www.alphadictionary.com/goodword/date/2019/11/12
Meaning: "Loan translation", a word-for-word translation of a phrase or compound word in another language. The phrase "that goes without saying" is a calque of French "cela va sans dire".
Notes: The "QUE" pronounced [k] at the end of today's word is a sure sign of recent French borrowing. Just remember to spell this word correctly. That ending prevents any English suffixes which pretty much assures this word is a lexical orphan without derivational family.
In Play: "Nostalgia" was a loan translation of German "Heimweh" "homeward woe" into Greek "nostos" "homecoming" + "algos" "pain". "Notwithstanding" is a calque of Latin phrase "non obstante" "not obstructing", literally "not standing against". However, calques do not work on idiomatic phrases. Imagine a calque of "he flew off the handle". Nikita Khrushchev got into hot water when his translator used a calque to translate "We will bury you", meaning simply that "We will outlive/survive you." The implications of the Russian idiom in English were so striking that it earned an entry in Wikipedia.
Word History: This word was borrowed from French (and never returned) "calquer" "to trace", "to copy", itself borrowed from Italian "calcare" "to press". Italian inherited its word from Latin "calcare" "to tread on", a verb based on "calx" (calc-s) "heel". English contains another word based on "calx": "calk", referring to cleats on the bottom of athletic shoes. This is about all that is known of "calx". It also meant "limestone", so ended up in English as "chalk".
(E?)(L?) https://www.thoughtco.com/loan-translation-calque-1691255
What Is a Loan Translation or Calque?
Definition and Examples
(E1)(L1) http://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?corpus=8&content=calque
Abfrage im Google-Corpus mit 15Mio. eingescannter Bücher von 1500 bis heute.
Engl. "calque" taucht in der Literatur um das Jahr 1830 auf.
Erstellt: 2020-05