Etymologie, Etimología, Étymologie, Etimologia, Etymology, (griech.) etymología, (lat.) etymologia, (esper.) etimologio
UK Vereinigtes Königreich Großbritannien und Nordirland, Reino Unido de Gran Bretańa e Irlanda del Norte, Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord, Regno Unito di Gran Bretagna e Irlanda del Nord, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, (esper.) Britujo
Heteronym, Heterónimo, Hétéronyme, Eteronimo, Heteronym (esper.) Heteronimo

Heteronym (W3)

The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000.

heteronymous

ADJECTIVE:

• 1. Being, relating to, or of the nature of a heteronym.
• 2. Being different names or terms but having correspondence or interrelationship, as mother and daughter.

ETYMOLOGY: From Late Greek "heterenumos", from Greek, with a different denominator : Greek "hetero-" + Greek "onoma" = "name"; see "no-men-" in Appendix I.

Appendix I

Indo-European Roots

ENTRY: "no-men-"

DEFINITION: Name. Oldest form "*e1no-mn", zero-grade form "*e1ne-men-".

1. "name", from Old English "nama", "name", from Germanic "*namon-".

2. "nominal", "nominate", "noun"; "agnomen", "binomial", "cognomen", "denominate", "ignominy", "misnomer", "nomenclator", "nuncupative", "praenomen", "pronoun", "renown", from Latin "nomen" = "name", "reputation".

3. "onomastic", "–onym", "–onymy"; "allonym", "anonymous", "antonomasia", "eponym", "eponymous", "euonymus", "heteronymous", "homonymous", "matronymic", "metonymy", "onomatopoeia", "paronomasia", "paronymous", "patronymic", "pseudonym", "synonymous", from Greek "onoma", "onuma" = "name" (assimilated from "enuma", preserved in proper names in Laconian).

4. "moniker", from Old Irish "ainm" = "name".

(Pokorny "en(o)mn-" 321.)

"heteronym": each of two or more words which are spelled identically but have different sounds and meanings - "heteros" = "other"

"heteronym", noun (nyms)

A word having the same spelling as another, but a different pronunciation and meaning.

"heteronym": A word having the same spelling as another, but a different sound and meaning: "bass" ("fish"); "bass" ("stringed instrument").

"Heteronym": A word spelled the same way for different meanings, such as "wear" (to clothe oneself) as opposed to "wear" (to atrophy); sometimes, as in this case, however, they have the same origin. A "heteronym" can be pronounced differently depending on meaning, such as "bass", the musical instrument, and "bass", the fish; this type of word is also called a "heterophone".

Homonyms, Homophones, Homographs and Heteronyms

By Daniel Scocco

There is some confusion and controversy around the definition of homonyms, homophones, homographs and heteronyms. In this article we will explore the difference between those terms.

Homonym comes from the Greek homo which means "same" and onym which means "name." When we talk about words, however, what should we use to define their names? The spelling or the pronunciation? Probably both. Homonyms, therefore, can be defined as two or more words that share the same spelling, or the same pronunciation, or both, but have different meanings.

Since there are several "types" of homonyms (e.g., same spelling but different pronunciation, same pronunciation but different spelling, same spelling and same pronunciation), further categorization is needed. We can say that homonyms represent the big category, from which 3 sub-categories emerge:

Homophones: two or more words that share the same pronunciation but have different meanings. They may or may not be spelled on the same way.

Examples: write and right, desert (to abandon) and desert (a thing deserved)

Homographs: homonyms that share the same spelling. They may or may not have the same pronunciation.

Examples: present (a gift) and present (to introduce), row (argument) and row (propel with oars)

"Heteronyms": those are "homonyms" that share the same spelling but have different pronunciations. That is, they are "homographs" which are not "homophones".

Example: "desert" (to abandon) and "desert" (arid region)

Summing up

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ORIGIN OF HETERONYM

From the Late Greek word "heteronymos", dating back to 1880–85. See "hetero-", "-onym"
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A "heteronym" is a word that is spelled the same as another but has a different pronunciation and/or meaning. For example, the word "address" (to speak to someone) is a heteronym of the word "address" (the name of something’s location).

"*no-men-" : Proto-Indo-European root meaning "name".

It forms all or part of: "acronym"; "allonym"; "ananym"; "anonymous"; "antonomasia"; "antonym"; "binomial"; "caconym"; "cognomen"; "denominate"; "eponym"; "eponymous"; "heteronym"; "homonym"; "homonymous"; "hyponymy"; "ignominious"; "ignominy"; "innominable"; "Jerome"; "matronymic"; "metonymy"; "metronymic"; "misnomer"; "moniker"; "name"; "nomenclature"; "nominal"; "nominate"; "noun"; "onomastic"; "onomatopoeia"; "paronomasia"; "paronym"; "patronym"; "patronymic"; "praenomen"; "pronoun"; "pseudonym"; "renown"; "synonym"; "synonymy"; "synonymous"; "toponym".

It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by:

• Sanskrit "nama";
• Avestan "nama";
• Greek "onoma", "onyma";
• Latin "nomen";
• Old Church Slavonic "ime", genitive "imene";
• Russian "imya";
• Old Irish" ainm";
• Old Welsh "anu" "name";
• Old English "nama, noma",
• Old High German "namo",
• Old Norse "nafn",
• Gothic "namo" "name".

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Playing the bass

December 10, 2018

Q: Why is the fishy "bass" spelled the same as the musical "bass" but pronounced differently? Are there other such words?

A: Words that are spelled alike but have different meanings and pronunciations are called "heteronyms", a 19th-century term derived from the Greek "heteros" ("different") and "onoma" ("name").

Seen alone in print, a "heteronym" is ambiguous; we can’t tell which meaning is intended unless the word is pronounced or used in context.

Most "heteronyms" are etymologically related, like the words pronounced "CON-vict" (noun) and "con-VICT" (verb), "REC-ord" (noun) and "re-CORD" (verb), "IN-va-lid" (noun) and "in-VAL-id" (adjective).

Related heteronyms that are derived from the same etymological source are not rare. As we wrote on the blog in 2016, there are scores of them.

The rarer and more interesting heteronyms are like the two words spelled "bass", which are linguistic accidents. They developed independently, one (the fish) from Germanic and one (the deep sound) from Latin. Their similar spellings in modern English are merely coincidental.

The fishy "bass" (rhymes with "grass") arrived much earlier than the musical "bass" (rhymes with "grace"), so we’ll discuss the fish first.
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We wrote a post a couple of years ago about another pair of unrelated heteronyms, the two nouns spelled "sewer". They’re as different as "sewing" and "sewage".

Other heteronyms that are etymological strangers to one another include these:

• the noun "dove" (a bird) and the verb "dove" (a past tense of "dive");
• the noun "lead" (a metal) and the verb "lead" (to conduct);
• the noun "number" (a sum) and the comparative adjective "number" (more numb);
• the noun "row" (for a disturbance) and the verb "row" (to propel a boat);
• the noun "sow" (a mama pig) and the verb "sow" (to plant seed);
• the two different nouns spelled "tear" (a rip; a droplet from the eye), along with their respective verbs;
• the "wind" (air current) and the verb "wind" (to twist).

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1889: "heteronym"

"heteronym", noun

: one of two or more "homographs" (such as a "bass" voice and "bass", a fish) that differ in pronunciation and meaning
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First Known Use: circa 1889, in the meaning defined above
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Linguistics Organic Search Engine Theory (LOSE-T)

"Bass", is a noun for "bass instrument"; a noun for "lower vocal range", and a noun for a "type of fish". Let’s decipher the variances in "bass" ambiguity. "Bass" is a "homonym", "homograph", "heteronym", "polysemy", "hyponym", "hypernym", "metonym" and a paradox. "Homonym", because the lexeme has identical spelling and pronunciation; example a phrasal sentence where "bass", as a lower vocal range and a stringed instrument, is used; "homograph" because "bass2 is spelled identical but differentiate in pronunciation due to syntax; again, the ambiguity is a result of the myriad of phonetical sound of vowels. It’s a "heteronym" also because unlike a "homograph" that can be both "homograph" or "homonym" (due to syntax), a heteronym’s characteristics have specificity, in that it’s spelled identical with different pronunciation.
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8: Heteronyms, Heterographs, Orthographic Units

LINGUISTICS ORGANIC SEARCH ENGINE THEORY

(LOSE-T) PART VIII

Search Engine Optimization (SEO), (SERP), (NLP), Heteronyms, Heterographs, Orthographic Units

phonemes, graphemes, morphemes units
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Limericks on "heteronym"

We found 31 dictionaries with English definitions that include the word "heteronym"

"Heteronyms" are words that are spelled the same but are pronounced differently.
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A "heteronym" (also known as a "heterophone") is a word that has a different pronunciation and meaning from another word but the same spelling. These are "homographs" that are not "homophones". Thus, "lead" (the metal) and "lead" (a leash) are heteronyms, but "mean" (average) and "mean" (intend) are not, since they are pronounced the same. Heteronym pronunciation may vary in vowel realisation, in stress pattern, or in other ways.
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Term		Meaning	Spelling	Pronunciation
Homonym		Different	Same	Same
Homograph		Different	Same	(No requirement)
Homophone word		Different	(No requirement)	Same
Homophone phrase		Different	Different	Same to varying degree
Heteronym		Different	Same	Different
Heterograph		Different	Different	Same
Polyseme		Different but related	Same	(No requirement)
Capitonym		Different when capitalized	Same except for capitalization	(No requirement)
Synonym		Same	Different	Different
Antonym		Opposite	Different	Different
Auto-antonym		Opposite	Same	(No requirement)
Synophone		Different	Different	Similar

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"heteronym", "heteronymous", "heteronymy":

• 1. A word having the same spelling as another, but a different sound and meaning; opposite of "homonym" and "synonym".
• 2. Having different names, as a pair of correlatives, e.g. "husband", "wife".
• 3. In ophthalmology, a reference to the noncorresponding vertical halves of the visual fields of both eyes, i.e., the nasal half of the left eye and the nasal of the right, or the temporal half of the left eye and the temporal of the right.

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"heteronym": A word that has the same spelling as another word but with a different pronunciation and meaning.
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Heteronym

A word with the same spelling as another or others, but with different meaning and pronunciation (Ex.: "tear", a drop of water from the eye, and "tear", to rip)

Coined around 1900, either from "hetero-" ("different") + "-onym" ("name") or from Ancient Greek "heteronumos", or perhaps both.
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