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bang on about (W3)

to bang on about something

bang on about (something)

Vrb phrs.: To talk incessantly and uninterestingly, to nag. E.g. "You're not going to change my mind by banging on about it!"

Bang on about

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bbc
Nottinghamese

Local language expert John Beeton, from Cotgrave, explains the origins of Nottinghamese and why it's changing now more than ever.

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bbc
Voices

About Voices

Every word we say tells a story.

The Voices project aims to present a snapshot of the many ways we speak across the UK in the early 21st century. At its heart is a ground-breaking recording of 1,000 voices across the UK.

From farmers in the Glens of Antrim to black Londoners in Peckham, from Treorchy to Taunton, the geography of the UK can be mapped in accents and dialects.
...

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bbcamerica.com
Five Lessons That Will Help Sort Out Your ‘British’ Accent

By Fraser McAlpine
Posted on April 21st, 2014

First of all, it’s important to state that there is no ‘British’ accent. There are so many regional dialects spread across tiny geographical areas that to arrive in, say, Swansea or Leicester (pronounced “lester”—you’re welcome), and launch into a stream of corblimey cockneyisms would go down extraordinarily badly.

Actually, arriving in Glasgow and attempting a Glasgow accent wouldn’t be warmly welcomed either, come to think of it. People don’t always enjoy feeling mocked.

The point is, there’s an infinite world of variety in the accents of the British Isles, as our first video presentation makes clear:

Lesson 1: Everything is connected, but different

Before we get into specifics, let’s just see how accents are distributed geographically. See how each accent morphs and melts into those of neighboring areas while still being distinct? Well, don’t worry if you can’t, that’s just a matter of tuning the ears a bit.

Lesson 2: Do your exercises

As this clip makes clear, the muscles around your mouth are used to making noises happen in a certain way. If you want to make noises the way people with different accents make them, you’ll need to retrain your face.

Note: I’m pretty sure you can do the dumpling thing with cotton wool or something similar.

Lesson 3: Find a key phrase to work from

Some words or phrases highlight the extremes of a dialect or accent better than others. Jimmy Carr is, of course, having fun at the expense of people from Liverpool and Newcastle, but if you were trying to speak with a Scouse or Geordie accent, there are worse places to start.

Lesson 4: English is not universal in English-speaking countries

Like the man says, wherever you go in the U.K. you’ll find people who have watched enough American movies and television to understand everything tourists say. The reverse is not true, and in some places with particularly strong dialects, the code of language is particularly tough to break.

Lesson 5: Learn some history

Thanks primarily to the Beatles, the Liverpudlian accent is one that is instantly recognizable around the world, and yet it is constantly changing and subject to huge variation according to where you are in the city, how old you are, and who you’re talking to. The closer you get to nailing it, the further away it gets…

Good luck!

See more:

• Five Strong UK Regional Accents That DID Succeed In America
• Ray Winstone: Voice Coach To The Stars
• Meryl Streep Nails a British Accent…Again
• Anne Hathaway’s British Accent in ‘One Day’: Did She Get It Right?

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Chowderhead (W3)

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Creole (W3)

When children start learning a "pidgin" as their first language and it becomes the mother tongue of a community, it is called a "creole". Like a "pidgin", a "creole" is a distinct language which has taken most of its vocabulary from another language, the lexifier, but has its own unique grammatical rules. Unlike a "pidgin", however, a "creole" is not restricted in use, and is like any other language in its full range of functions. Examples are "Gullah", "Jamaican Creole" and "Hawai`i Creole English".

Note that the words "pidgin" and "creole" are technical terms used by linguists, and not necessarily by speakers of the language. For example, speakers of "Jamaican Creole" call their language "Patwa" (from "patois") and speakers of "Hawai`i Creole English" call theirs "Pidgin".

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csupomona
The College Slang Page
Slang Dictionary

• What is college slang?
• What do we slang?
• Why do students speak slang?
• What's the hardest working word in college slang?
• Wanna know more?

• The Cal Poly Pomona Dictionaries
• Savvy Reading on College Slang
• Surfing for Slang
• Mini-dictionary from Da Bomb

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Dialect (W3)

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dialectblog.com
British Accents

About Us

Dialect Blog was launched in 2011 as a place for hobbyists, actors, linguists and curiosity-seekers to learn about and discuss the dialects of the English language.

• Received Pronunciation
• Cockney
• Estuary English (Southeast British)
• West Country (Southwest British)
• Midlands English
• Northern England English
• Geordie
• Welsh English
• Scottish English

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faggot (W3)

...
Homosexuals were heretics and were, as such, burned in those bundles of sticks, an "faggot" (= "a bundle of sticks commonly used for burning witches") became a code word for a gay burned at the stake. Well, at least that sounds plausible.
...

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flapdoodle (W3)

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greensdictofslang.com
Green’s Dictionary of Slang

Browse the Dictionary

Five hundred years of the vulgar tongue

"Quite simply the best historical dictionary of English slang there is, ever has been […] or is ever likely to be?"

Journal of English Language and Linguistics

Green’s Dictionary of Slang is the largest historical dictionary of English slang. Written by Jonathon Green over 17 years from 1993, it reached the printed page in 2010 in a three-volume set containing nearly 100,000 entries supported by over 400,000 citations from c. ad 1000 to the present day. The main focus of the dictionary is the coverage of over 500 years of slang from c. 1500 onwards.



The printed version of the dictionary received the Dartmouth Medal for outstanding works of reference from the American Library Association in 2012; fellow recipients include the Dictionary of American Regional English, the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, and the New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. It has been hailed by the American New York Times as ‘the pièce de résistance of English slang studies’ and by the British Sunday Times as ‘a stupendous achievement, in range, meticulous scholarship, and not least entertainment value’.

On this website the dictionary is now available in updated online form for the first time, complete with advanced search tools enabling search by definition and history, and an expanded bibliography of slang sources from the early modern period to the present day. Since the print edition, nearly 60,000 quotations have been added, supporting 5,000 new senses in 2,500 new entries and sub-entries, of which around half are new slang terms from the last five years.

Green’s Dictionary of Slang News

Slang Family Trees

... The aim of this is twofold. On the one hand, and like the Timelines of Slang, it is another way of visualizing the slang database. On the other, the product of that visualization is to present some of slang’s primary themes - such as sex, the parts of the body, drunkenness or the police - in terms of the way slang sees them. If the Timelines put the many synonyms in chronological order, the Family Trees show the way these underlying images extend out from the central theme. In this way of seeing the vocabulary, the vagina, for instance, is not simply a hole, but an abyss, a ring, an entrance, a passage, a road, a container and a box. Slang has terms that fit each of these sub-sets and many more. The system can applied to any of slang’s themes.

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gutenberg
Grose, Francis
Dictionary of the vulgar tongue, 1811
Slang-Dictionary

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IDEA (W3)

International Dialects of English Archive
Founded 1997

Dialects & Accents

• Africa: Cameroon | Egypt | Ethiopia | Ghana | Guinea | Madagascar | Nigeria | Sierra Leone | South Africa | Tanzania
• Asia: Afghanistan | China | India | Indonesia | Japan | Kazakhstan | Korea | Malaysia | Mongolia | Pakistan | Philippines | Sri Lanka | Singapore | Taiwan | Thailand | Turkmenistan | Vietnam
• Australia-Oceania: Australia | Fiji | New Zealand
• Caribbean: Bermuda | Cuba | Haiti | Jamaica | Martinique | Puerto Rico | Saint Lucia | Trinidad
• Central America: Costa Rica | El Salvador | Guatemala | Panama
• Europe: Armenia | Austria | Belarus | Belgium | Bulgaria | Croatia | Cyprus | Czech Republic | Denmark | England | Finland | France | Germany | Georgia, EU | Greece (Hellas) | Hungary | Ireland | Italy | Macedonia | Netherlands | Northern Ireland | Norway | Poland | Portugal | Romania | Russia | Scotland | Spain | Sweden | Switzerland | Turkey | Ukraine | Wales
• Middle-East: Iran | Iraq | Israel | Kuwait | Lebanon | Saudi Arabia | Syria
• North America: Canada | Mexico | United States Of America
• South America: Argentina | Bolivia | Brazil | Chile | Colombia | Paraguay | Peru | Venezuela
• Special Collections: General American | Holocaust Survivors | Oral Histories | Phonetic Transcriptions | Play Names & Terms | Received Pronunciation | Speech and Voice Disorders

Home | Become An Editor | Selected Bibliography | The Rainbow Passage | Comma Gets A Cure | FAQ | Submit A Sample | Links | Paul Meier's Résumé | Shawn Muller's Résumé | Other Dialect Services

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Indigenized variety (W3)

Indigenized varieties are spoken mainly as second languages in ex-colonies with multilingual populations. The differences from the standard variety may be linked to English proficiency, or may be part of a range of varieties used to express identity. For example, "Singlish" (spoken in "Singapore") is a variety very different from standard English, and there are many other varieties of English used in India.

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jargon (W3)

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Kreolen-Sprachen

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krysstal
Cockney English

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Minority dialect (W3)

Sometimes members of a particular minority ethnic group have their own variety which they use as a marker of identity, usually alongside a standard variety. This is called a "minority dialect". Examples are "African American Vernacular English" in the USA, "London Jamaican" in Britain, and "Aboriginal English" in Australia.

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openculture.com
A Brief Tour of British Accents: 14 Ways to Speak English in 84 Seconds

Americans, coming from the enormous and relatively recently settled place we do, tend to have a hard time with accents, struggling to grasp the extent of the variety of regional ways of speech in smaller, older countries, let alone to use them ourselves. Studying the Korean language, I’ve found that understanding a native speaker from one city doesn’t mean I’ll understand anything said by another native speaker from a city fifty miles away. (Though that holds true even for Koreans themselves; hence the prevalence of subtitles on their television shows.) Visiting London a few months ago, easily as I could make sense of everybody speaking my native tongue, I pre-emptively gave up hope of picking up on the nuances of all the accents people had brought to the city from their hometowns — much less the numerous and subtle dialects native of London itself. Everyone I met insisted that a Briton’s accent says more about their origin, class, station in life, and degree of self-regard than any other quality, but not knowing Newcastle from Southampton when I first set foot on English soil, I had to take them at their word (however they happened to pronounce it).
...

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peevish.co.uk
A dictionary of English slang and colloquialisms
Slang Dictionary

English slang and colloquialisms used in the United Kingdom

A monster online dictionary of the rich colourful language we call slang... all from a British perspective, with new slang added every month. If you are unable to immediately find the term you are looking for, try the slang search. A short essay giving an outline of the parameters of this dictionary and brief information on slang can be accessed on the introduction - please read the introduction before submitting any slang for inclusion in the dictionary. Should you wish to do further research I have presented a selection of good source material... books, on the bibliography page.

news · introduction · bibliography · site banners · submit slang · abbreviations used · search the site · slang links · other links · copyright · privacy policy · frames version · buy slang books

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Pidgin (W3)

A pidgin is a new language which develops in situations where speakers of different languages need to communicate but don't share a common language. The vocabulary of a pidgin comes mainly from one particular language (called the "lexifier"). An early "pre-pidgin" is quite restricted in use and variable in structure. But the later "stable pidgin" develops its own grammatical rules which are quite different from those of the lexifier.

Once a stable pidgin has emerged, it is generally learned as a second language and used for communication among people who speak different languages. Examples are "Nigerian Pidgin" and "Bislama" (spoken in Vanuatu).

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Pidgin-English

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Polari, Palari, Parlyaree, Parlary
Gay Slang
Slang Vocabulary of English Showmen
The Polari Bible

Polari - The Lost Language of Gay Men

...
Polari, the gay slang which faded away with the decriminalisation of male homosexuality and the advent of gay liberation, is making a comeback. Madame Jo Jo's, the Soho cabaret venue which specialises in drag spectaculars, has adopted polari as its lingua franca. A list of words and phrases, chosen by linguistics lecturer and polari expert Dr Paul Baker, has been given to staff for them to use in their conversations with each other and with the punters.
...

• Introduction and credits
• Glossies of the old testament
• The glossy of Genesis
• The glossy of Exodus
• Leviticus
• The glossy of Numbers
• The glossy of Deuteronomy
• The glossy of Joshua
• The glossy of Judges
• The glossy of Ruth
• The una glossy of Samuel
• The dewey glossy of Samuel
• The una glossy of dowriest homies
• The dewey glossy of dowriest homies
• The una glossy of Chronicles
• The dewey glossy of Chronicles
• The glossy of Ezra
• The glossy of Nehemiah
• The glossy of Esther Rantzen
• The glossy of Job
• The glossy of Psalms
• The glossy of Proverbs
• The glossy of Ecclesiastes
• chant of Solomon
• The glossy of Isiah
• The glossy of Jeremiah
• The glossy of Lamentations
• The glossy of Ezekiel
• The glossy of Daniel
• The glossy of Hoseasons
• The glossy of Billy Joel
• The glossy of Amos
• The glossy of Obadiah
• The glossy of Jonah
• The glossy of Micah
• The glossy of Nahum
• The glossy of Habakkuk
• The glossy of Zepheniah
• The glossy of Haggai
• The glossy of Zeceriah (Crazy name, crazy guy!)
• The glossy of Malachi
• Glossies of the new testament
• The glossy of Matilda
• The glossy of Marcia
• The glossy of Lucille
• The glossy of Jane
• Acts of the Apostles
• The glossy of Romans
• The una glossy of Corinthian Leather
• The dewey glossy of Corinthian Leather
• The glossy of Galatians
• The glossy of Ephesians
• The glossy of Philippians
• The glossy of Colossians
• The dewey glossy of Thessalonians
• The dewey glossy of Thessalonians
• The una glossy of Timothy
• The dewey glossy of Timothy
• The glossy of Titus
• The glossy of Philemon
• Kosher Homies and Palones
• The glossy of James
• The una glossy of Petra
• The dewey glossy of Petra
• The una glossy of Jane
• The dewey glossy of Jane
• The trey glossy of Jane
• The glossy of Jude
• Revelation

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probertencyclopaedia
Slang-Dictionary

A comprehensive dictionary of over 16,000 English language slang and dialect terms from around the world, including: American slang, Australian slang, British slang, Canadian slang, South African slang, Cockney rhyming slang, Irish slang, Scottish slang, Jamaican slang, theatre slang, bingo slang, cricket slang, army slang, RAF slang, naval slang, surfing slang, public school slang, numismatic slang, Dorset slang, Oxfordshire slang and others.

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Regional dialect (W3)

A regional dialect is not a distinct language but a variety of a language spoken in a particular area of a country. Some regional dialects have been given traditional names which mark them out as being significantly different from standard varieties spoken in the same place. Some examples are "Hillbilly English" (from the Appalachians in the USA) and "Geordie" (from Newcastle upon Tyne in the UK).

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rinkworks
The Dialectizer

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shit (W3)

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Slang (W3)

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talklikeapirate
English-to-Pirate Translator

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theregister
The quick guide to Register jargon

...
The Register has gained so many readers this year that we've prepared a rough guide to the jargon we use, after receiving a couple of emails asking us what words like Chipzilla and The Big Q mean.
...

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translationdirectory
The perils of using jargon
By Tim North

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usingenglish
Dictionary of English Idioms & Idiomatic Expressions

An idiom is a phrase where the words together have a meaning that is different from the dictionary definitions of the individual words, which can make idioms hard for ESL students and learners to understand. Here, we provide a dictionary of 1,527 English idiomatic expressions with definitions.
...

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wikipedia
List of dialects of the English language

• 1 International Classifications
• 2 Europe
• 3 North America
• 4 Caribbean
• 5 Asia
• 6 Africa
• 8 Constructed
• 9 Sign Languages Based on English
• 10 Pidgins and Creoles
• 11 The Ishes
• 12 See also
• 13 External link

• American English
• Australian English
• British English
• Canadian English
• Caribbean English
• Indian English
• Jamaican English
• Liberian English
• Malaysian English
• New Zealand English
• Philippine English
• Scottish English
• Singapore English
• South African English

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Ayto, John (Hg.)
Oxford Dictionary of Slang

If your other reference books aren't funky enough for you, get a nickel bag of unorthodoxy with the Oxford Dictionary of Slang. This comprehensive look at informal English from around the world and across the centuries is organized thesaurus-style into sections for easy browsing by category. Look up underground terminology for drugs and sex and you'll be browsing for a month of Sundays. Of course, if you need to get the skinny on a particular term but have no idea what it could mean, there's an alphabetical index that'll take you right where you need to go. Each word or phrase is thoroughly documented, as you'd expect from an Oxford dictionary; its first print sighting, place of use, meanings, and cross-contextual references are included, as well as illuminating usage quotes. The Dictionary is easy to use and the definitions are concise--you can get the information you need quickly with time left to linger over related terms. More than 10,000 entries yield plenty of insight into commonly used but still-not-quite-kosher parts of our language. When your New Zealander buddy refers to someone as a cow-spanker, you won't have to wonder for long just who you're dealing with (don't worry, she's a dairy farmer); the Oxford Dictionary of Slang will give you the moxie to deal with a discombobulated world.
Rob Lightner

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Ayto, John / Simpson, John (Hg.)
The Oxford Dictionary of Modern Slang
Over 5000 slang words and phrases

Synopsis
From "ambulance chaser" to "zoot suit", this is the most authoritative and up-to-date dictionary of twentieth-century slang. Drawing on the resources of the Oxford English Dictionary, and packed with illustrative quotations from John Lennon to Woody Allen, it is a comprehensive and entertaining collection of over 5,000 slang words and phrases. Providing full details of origins and dates of first printed use, the text contains expressions from around the English-speaking world such as dork and cockamamie (America) and giggle-house and Jimmy Woodser (Australia).

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Beale, Paul
A Concise Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English

Synopsis
Based on Eric Partridge's Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English, of which the Sunday Times wrote Even a casual perusal of the pages is extraordinarily instructive and entertaining, presenting the reader with so much out-of-the-way information. For over fifty years the name Eric Partridge has been synonymous with slang in the English language, and his famous dictionary, upon which this book is based, was first published in 1937. In preparing this concise edition, Paul Beale has continued the traditions of the full volume while making it particularly relevant to our understanding of the language of the present day. Terms which are known to have arisen before this century have been omitted. In return, some 1,500 new terms have been added - coinages of the eighties which had not yet come to light when the eighth edition of the complete work went to press in 1983.

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Beale, Paul
Langenscheidts A Concise Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English

Kurzbeschreibung
A Concise Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English. Mit 25.000 Stichwörtern

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Berlitz
Vorsicht Englisch
Englisch, wie es wirklich gesprochen wird

Kurzbeschreibung
Du willst in den USA oder Großbritannien so richtig akzeptiert werden? Dann solltest du nicht nur eine Hand voll englischer Ausdrücke kennen. Wer wirklich mitmischen will, muss Slang, Szenesprache und Schimpfwörter drauf haben. "Berlitz Vorsicht Englisch!" hat alles, was du brauchst, um Amis und Briten zuzutexten. Keine Grammatikübungen, keine Verbkonjugationen und keine Regeln, aber das Englisch, das man in den USA und Großbritannien wirklich spricht - von absoluten intimen Details (yeah, let's talk about sex) bis zur Sprache von Computer, E-Mails, SMS und Chatrooms.

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Braun, Maria
Word-formation and creolisation

Synopsis
This book explores a relatively little investigated area of creole languages, word-formation. It provides the most comprehensive account so far of the word-formation patterns of an English-based creole language, Sranan, as found in the earliest sources of this language, and compares them systematically with the patterns attested in the input languages. One of the few studies of creole morphology based on historical data, the book discusses the theoretical problems arising with the historical analysis of creole word-formation and provides an analysis along the lines of Construction Morphology in which the assumed boundaries between affixation, compounding and syntactic constructions play a very minor role.The findings are discussed in the light of recent creolisation theories and a number of important conclusions are drawn about the nature and emergence of creole word-formation systems, as well as about the role of second language acquisition, universals, substrates and superstrates in the emergence of the creole lexicon and creole languages in general.

Produktinfo
This book explores a relatively little investigated area of creole languages, word-formation. It provides the most comprehensive account so far of the word-formation patterns of an English-based creole language, Sranan, as found in the earliest sources of this language, and compares them systematically with the patterns attested in the input languages. One of the few studies of creole morphology based on historical data, the book discusses the theoretical problems arising with the historical analysis of creole word-formation and provides an analysis along the lines of Construction Morphology in which the assumed boundaries between affixation, compounding and syntactic constructions play a very minor role. The findings are discussed in the light of recent creolisation theories and a number of important conclusions are drawn about the nature and emergence of creole word-formation systems, as well as about the role of second language acquisition, universals, substrates and superstrates in the emergence of the creole lexicon and creole languages in general.

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Britain, David (Herausgeber)
Language in the British Isles

Kurzbeschreibung
The British Isles are home to a vast range of different spoken and signed languages and dialects. Language continues to evolve rapidly, in its diversity, in the number and the backgrounds of its speakers, and in the repercussions it has had for political and educational affairs. This book provides a comprehensive survey of the dominant languages and dialects used in the British Isles. Topics covered include the history of English; the relationship between Standard and Non-Standard Englishes; the major non-standard varieties spoken on the islands; and the history of multilingualism; and the educational and planning implications of linguistic diversity in the British Isles. Among the many dialects and languages surveyed by the volume are British Black English, Celtic languages, Chinese, Indian, European migrant languages, British Sign Language, and Anglo-Romani. Clear and accessible in its approach, it will be welcomed by students in sociolinguistics, English language, and dialectology, as well as anyone interested more generally in language within British society.

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Dalzell, Tom - TNPD
Victor, Terry
The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English

The heir and successor to Eric Partridge's brilliant magnum opus, The Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English, this two-volume New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English is the definitive record of post WWII slang. Containing over 65,000 entries, The New Partridge details the slang and unconventional English of the English-speaking world since 1945, and through the first years of the new millennium, with the same thorough, intense, and lively scholarship that characterized Partridge's own work. The New Partridge continues the Partridge tradition in an evolutionary and accessible way: US and British English slang are given equal prominence and the dictionary boasts entries from Australia, New Zealand, Canada, India, South Africa, Ireland and the Caribbean. All full entries are given a published source and, where possible, an early or significant example of the term's use in print. Like its forebear, The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English is a monumental piece of work infused with humour and learning - a prize for anyone with a love of, and a fascination with, language.

Eric Partridge was a pioneer. He spent most of his life working in that most intractable of lexicographical specialisms, slang. It is inconceivable to us today, when dictionaries are produced by teams of professionals supported by massive electronic archives, that his Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English was created in 1937 as a solo effort. Like some similarly placed predecessors, such as Johnson and Webster, he became an eponym. His work went through seven editions, plus an additional posthumous one edited by Paul Beale in 1984.
...
published by Routledge in December 2005; hardback, two vols, pp 2189; ISBN 0415212588

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Dent, Susie (Autor)
How to talk like a Local
From Cockney to Geordie

Kurzbeschreibung
When it’s cold, are you nithered, taters or perishing? The English language in Britain changes from county to county, with hundreds of local words to discover. Susie Dent’s beguiling guide to these words charts their origins and development.

Über den Autor
Susie Dent is an independent editor and translator who appears regularly in Countdown's 'dictionary corner'. She is the author of six editions of The Language Report, an annual guide to the new words and phrases that find their way into the English language.

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Englisch Slang von A bis Z

Gutes Englisch ist schon eine feine Sache: lesen, schreiben, sich unterhalten und im Alltag gut zurechtkommen. Doch um mit einem Native Speaker auf Augenhöhe zu kommunizieren, ist es unerlässlich, auch die Slang-Wörter zu kennen. Dieses Buch stellt die 1.000 wichtigsten von ihnen samt Anwendungsbeispielen und Übersetzungen vor. 2015. 158 S., geb. Anaconda.

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Gerwin, Johanna
Ditransitives in British English Dialects

Reihe: Topics in English Linguistics [TiEL] 50.3
DE GRUYTER MOUTON

Produktinfo

What determines whether we say She gave him a book instead of She gave a book to him? The author views this ‘dative alternation’ as a sociolinguistic variable and explores its distribution across different British English dialects, registers and time frames. It thereby offers a novel, language-external explanation of the choice of one construction over the other and sheds new light on British dialect syntax.

Contents

• Acknowledgements | v
• List of figures | x
• List of tables | xiii
• 1 Introduction | 1
• 1.1 Speaker choice, ditransitives, and the sociolinguistic variable | 1
• 1.2 The scope of ditransitives | 7
• 1.3 The corpora | 13
• 1.3.1 Freiburg English Dialect Corpus (FRED) | 13
• 1.3.2 BNCweb - The online edition of the British National Corpus (Lancaster platform) | 14
• 1.3.3 Written data: LOB and F-LOB | 16
• 1.4 Brief overview of the chapters | 17
• 2 The ditransitive construction: previous studies | 19
• 2.1 Introduction | 19
• 2.2 Language-internal constraints on the dative alternation pertaining to the verb | 20
• 2.2.1 Semantic considerations | 20
• 2.2.2 Phonological and morphological constraints | 37
• 2.3 Language-internal constraints on the dative alternation pertaining to the objects | 42
• 2.3.1 Semantic considerations | 42
• 2.3.2 Pragmatic constraints | 48
• 2.4 Idiomatic expressions as a starting point: is there an alternation? | 54
• 2.5 Overview of all the language-internal constraints on the dative alternation | 59
• 2.6 Language-external constraints on the dative alternation - some studies | 62
• 2.6.1 Gradient language-internal constraints as characterisations of varieties | 62
• 2.6.2 Dialectological descriptions of ditransitive phenomena | 64
• 2.6.3 Two dialect corpus studies | 67
• 2.7 Conclusion | 69
• 3 Methodology: Defining the object(s) of study | 71
• 3.1 Introduction | 71
• 3.2 Finding ditransitive verbs | 72
• 3.3 Finding double objects | 76
• 3.3.1 The object category Pro | 81
• 3.3.2 The object category NP | 83
• 3.3.3 Intervening material | 86
• 3.4 Idiomatic expressions | 88
• 3.5 The regional classification | 89
• 3.6 Summary | 93
• 4 Spoken style, written style - ditransitives in speech and in the written standard | 94
• 4.1 Introduction | 94
• 4.2 The spoken data: FRED and the BNCreg | 95
• 4.2.1 Objects and object patterns in FRED and the BNCreg | 95
• 4.2.2 Ditransitive verbs in FRED and the BNCreg | 98
• 4.2.3 Diachronic analysis of the verb occurrence in FRED and the BNCreg | 103
• 4.2.4 The verb give | 107
• 4.3 The written data: LOB and F-LOB | 116
• 4.3.1 Objects and object patterns in LOB and F-LOB | 116
• 4.3.2 Ditransitive verbs in LOB and F-LOB | 118
• 4.4 Comparison of the written and spoken data sets | 123
• 4.4.1 Comparison of the object SETs | 123
• 4.4.2 Comparison of the verb encodings | 125
• 4.5 Conclusion | 130
• 5 Object patterns in dialects of English: a regional and historical analysis | 132
• 5.1 Introduction | 132
• 5.2 Historical development of the object patterns | 137
• 5.3 The most frequent pattern: SET A (She gave her a book) and its alternatives | 148
• 5.4 Second in frequency: SET D (She gave the woman a book) and its alternatives | 152
• 5.5 Marginal but instructive: SET C (She gave the woman it) and alternatives | 155
• 5.6 Conclusion | 163
• 6 "Give it me!" - Pronominal ditransitives in English dialects | 166
• 6.1 Introduction | 166
• 6.2 The regional dimension | 171
• 6.3 The diachronic dimension | 180
• 6.4 Other determining factors | 191
• 6.4.1 Imperative versus declarative | 191
• 6.4.2 Pronouns | 193
• 6.4.3 Verb types | 196
• 6.5 Summary | 198
• 7 Conclusion and outlook: ditransitives in British and American English dialects and beyond | 200
• 7.1 Recap: ditransitives in British English dialects | 200
• 7.2 Ditransitives in American English dialects | 203
• 7.3 Ditransitives in the languages of the world | 211
• Appendix | 216
• A: Levin's (1993) classes of verbs occurring only in PREP | 216
• B: Levin's (1993) classes of verbs occurring only in DOC | 217
• C: List of nouns taking sentential complements in FRED and the BNCreg | 217
• D: Light verb collocations with give in FRED and the BNCreg | 218
• List of data bases | 221
• Bibliography | 222
• Permissions | 232
• Index | 233

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Glauser, Beat
A New Bibliography of Writings on Varieties of English, 1984-1992/3
(Varieties of English Around the World)

Synopsis
The continuing expansion of research in dialectology, sociolinguistics and English as a world language has made the field increasingly difficult to survey. This bibliography is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of the relevant publications of the past few years. The collection is in four parts, dealing with general studies, Britain and Ireland, the United States and Canada, and the rest of the world. There is a joint index in which the 2800 entries are classified according to specific areas, ethnic groups and major linguistic categories, making the bibliography easy to use.

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Gorlach, Manfred
Englishes: Studies in Varieties of English, 1984-88
(Varieties of English Around the World)

Synopsis
Problems of how to describe and explain the forms and functions of English outside Britain and the United States (and of varieties within the two countries) have become central for English linguistics over the past 20 years. The present collection combines 8 of Goerlach's articles in the field written between 1984 and 1988. They range from methodological accounts to treatments of "colonial lag", from lexicographical problems, and translations into pidgins and creoles to papers focusing on individual regions.

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Gorlach, Manfred
More Englishes: New Studies in Varieties of English, 1988-94
(Varieties of English Around the World)

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Green, Jonathon - CSD
Chambers Slang Dictionary

Jonathon Green’s name is familiar to every student of slang in the UK: he has been researching it for 25 years and is an authority on this most intriguing and intractable aspect of lexicography.

The title makes it seem as though this is an entirely new book but in essence it is the third edition of the Cassell Dictionary of Slang. The change of publisher and the new edition have resulted in subtle changes in layout and content. Most significantly, entries have been presented in a different way — all the derivatives of a word are now placed together as sub-entries of the main word, rather than as individual entries. This technique, called nesting in the business, may seem a small change, even perhaps a fussy one, but it simplifies entries and highlights the relationships between terms. The opportunity has been taken to add items of recent slang, to rewrite definitions and improve the dating. To my eye — though this is a subjective view — the text is clearer and easier to read.
...
[Jonathon Green, Chambers Slang Dictionary, published by Chambers Harrap in October 2008; hardback, pp1477; ISBN-13: 978-0550-10439-7, ISBN-10: 0550104399, publisher's list price £30.00. US publication follows in 2009; meanwhile, American readers can obtain copies from Amazon Canada or UK or direct from the UK publishers.]

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Green, Jonathon - GDoS
Green’s Dictionary of Slang

This work is monumental in several senses. It is physically huge: 6000+ pages in three hefty volumes with ten million words, 110,000-plus definitions and 413,000 citations. Unfortunately, the price is likewise massive, which is hardly going to make it a household purchase, even at the deep discounts being offered by some online retailers. Leaving aside the superlatives, it is principally a testimony to the industry of its editor.
...
[Jonathon Green, Green’s Dictionary of Slang; 3 volumes, pp6085; published in the UK by Chambers; ISBN 978-0550-10440-3; publisher’s UK price £295.00.]

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Green, Jonathon (Autor)
Green's Dictionary of Slang
Three-Volume Set: 1-3

Kurzbeschreibung

The three volumes of Green's Dictionary of Slang demonstrate the sheer scope of a lifetime of research by Jonathon Green, the leading slang lexicographer of our time. A remarkable collection of this often reviled but endlessly fascinating area of the English language, it covers slang from the past five centuries right up to the present day, from all the different English-speaking countries and regions. Every word and phrase is authenticated by genuine and fully-referenced citations of its use, giving the work a level of authority and scholarship unmatched by any other publication in this field. Green's Dictionary of Slang is a groundbreaking work. Quite simply, it is the most authoritative and comprehensive record of slang ever to be made available.

Über den Autor

Jonathon Green is the English-speaking world's foremost lexicographer of slang. His many publications include Chambers Slang Dictionary, the Slang Thesaurus and Slang Down the Ages. He has also compiled dictionaries of quotations and oral histories of modern culture.

"§"
Green, Jonathon (Autor)
Cassell Dictionary of Slang

There is always a certain contradiction implicit in a dictionary of slang - a clash between the authority and control implicit in a dictionary and the endless self-invention and self-regeneration of slang. Slang is often the language of minorities and underclasses and subcultures; and almost always a way of getting on with your own business in words that the official cannot hear or understand. Green has the right paradoxical combination of the obsessive collector and control-freak and the libertine who likes to luxuriate in language at play. His background in the underground press of the Sixties and his role as oral historian guarantee his sympathies, while his various dictionaries and his excellent history of dictionaries Chasing the Sun, are solid indicators of his scholarship. It is a matter of some daring to take on the subject that Eric Partridge made so totally his own--and Green does magnificently for the second half of our century what Partridge did for the first. This is an essential reference book and also an important part of late 20th-century social history, an age of drugs, popular culture and vivid minority language: Green has taken on a huge project and entirely succeeded in it.
Roz Kaveney

From Library Journal
Green (Chasing the Sun: Dictionary Makers and the Dictionaries They Made, LJ 9/1/96) is a leading British lexicographer whose previous reference works on slang, neologisms, and jargon have been favorably reviewed. His huge new slang dictionary, containing over 70,000 words and phrases from around the English-speaking world, is the first completely new volume to treat the slang vocabulary from the 16th century to the present since Eric Partridge's classic Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English first appeared in 1937. Aside from its comprehensive scope, this is a thoughtful and thorough work of reference, supplying for each word or phrase any variant spellings or alternative forms, the part of speech, a first date of use, a geographic or social/cultural usage label, a complete definition, and an etymology. Green also provides us with an interesting introduction and well-designed directions for use as well as a long, unannotated bibliography that includes a list of slang web sites. A great new reference tool; recommended for most large reference collections.APaul A. D'Alessandro, Portland P.L., ME
Copyright 1999 Reed Business Information, Inc.

CASSELL DICTIONARY OF SLANG
by Jonathon Green

Move over, Partridge. There can be little doubt that this, Jonathan Green’s most comprehensive book to date, will become a standard reference. It’s big: 1316 pages, nearing the size of a standard concise or desk dictionary. As that suggests, the work is comprehensive, claiming 70,000 entries.

It covers the recorded lexicon of English slang from the Elizabethan period down to the present day. It includes rhyming slang, street slang, idioms, colloquialisms, and even some standard English terms where these have arisen out of slang. And not only British slang, but also that of other English-speaking countries, including North America, South Africa, the anglophone Caribbean, and Australasia, though not India.
...

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Grose, Francis
The Vulgar Tongue
Buckish Slang and Pickpocket Eloquence

Synopsis
flash lingo n. The canting or slang language A fascinating and hilarious collection of all the words and phrases that raised eyebrows in the 18th century. The original 1796 alternative dictionary of "The Vulgar Tongue", educated readers in the correct usage of colloquialisms, slang and old English idioms. Includes those familiar entries such as "mealy-mouthed", originally meaning "over-modest", and revives classics that should never have been forgotten, such as "apple dumplin shop" for a woman's bosom, "nit squeeger" (a "hairdresser") and "flaybottomist" (a "teacher"). So, you won't be a "Jason's Fleece" if you buy this book. In fact, take full advantage of the Vulgar Tongue and you'll be much less of a "nigmenog". No true aspiring vulgarite should leave home without it!

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Hughes, Arthur / Trudgill, Peter / Watt, Dominic (Autorn)
English Accents and Dialects
An Introduction to Social and Regional Varieties of English in the British Isles

Kurzbeschreibung
English Accents and Dialects is a unique introductory survey of the main regional and social varieties of English spoken in the British Isles. The authors discuss accent and dialect in the broader framework of language variation, including phonetic, phonological, grammatical, lexical, historical and stylistic differences. This is followed by a survey of the speech of different areas of the British Isles. The CD which accompanies the book consists of edited interviews (all transcribed in the book) with speakers from each of the different areas. The fourth edition has been expanded and updated to give substantial new information. Of particular importance in this new edition are the sections on Aberdeen, Galway and Leicester.

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Kacirk, Jeffrey (Autor)
Informal English
Puncture Ladies, Egg Harbors, Mississippi Marbles, and Other Curious Words and Phrases of North America

Kurzbeschreibung
A wide-reaching treasury of some 2,500 English-language colloquialisms from the past and present is culled from dictionaries, etymological treatises, historical writings, and other sources, in a volume that features such entries as "bone-orchard" and "chawswizzled." Original. 35,000 first printing.

Über den Autor
Jeffrey Kacirk is the author of Forgotten English, The Word Museum, and Altered English, as well as a daily calendar based on Forgotten English. He can be found on the web at www.forgottenenglish.com and lives in Marin County, California.

Gleaned from early dictionaries, dialect glossaries, studies of folklore, nautical lexicons, historical writings, letters, novels, and miscellaneous sources, Informal English offers a treasure trove of linguistic oddities that will entertain and shed light on America's colloquial past. Among the gems are:

• "Leather-ears": to Cape Cod inhabitants, a person of slow comprehension.
• "Park the biscuit": to sit down.
• "Chawswizzled": confounded; a Nebraska word. "I'll be chawswizzled!"
• "Mouthprints": spoken words, especially when used as evidence.
• "Puncture lady": a Southwestern expression for a woman who prefers to sit on the sidelines at a dance and gossip rather than dance, often puncturing somebody's reputation.
• "Left-legged": clumsy in walking.
• "Bone-orchard": slang for a cemetery in the Southwest.
• "Jerp": a small quantity, used most often in reference to sweets.
• "Horse drama": a form of drama in which trained horses are used.
• "Scurryfunge": a hasty tidying of the house between the time you see a neighbor and the time she knocks.

"§"
Leitner, Gerhard (Autor)
English Today
Introducing the Varieties of English around the World

1780 gab es weniger als 15 Millionen Menschen, die Englisch sprachen - in England, Irland, Schottland, den USA und Kanada vor allem. Heute ist Englisch für rund 400 Millionen Menschen Muttersprache, über 500 Millionen sprechen es als Zweitsprache. Dieses kleine Buch zeichnet den Weg des Englischen zur Weltsprache nach: seine Entstehung und Entwicklung, seine regionale Differenzierung, seine Ausbreitung und die besonderen Varianten des Englischen in den verschiedenen Erdteilen.

Gerhard Leitner ist Professor für Englische Philologie an der Freien Universität Berlin, Autor und Herausgeber von mehr als 25 Büchern über das Englische und seine Varianten, hatte Gastprofessuren in Australien, Malaysia, Singapur und China inne und ist Ehrenmitglied der Australischen Akademie für Geisteswissenschaften.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

• 1 English today
• 2 Speaking about English
• 3 From the English Heritage to the Core
• 4 The Celtic Regions: Scotland and Ireland
• 5 Periods of the Expansion of English
• 6 The New World
• 7 The Southern Hemisphere
• 8 Asia
• 9 Africa
• 10 Contact Languages
• 11 Pluricentric English Today
• References
• List of Illustrations
• Glossary

"§"
Mackenzie, Christiane
Englisch - Slang von A bis Z

Gutes Englisch ist eine feine Sache: lesen, schreiben, sich unterhalten und im Alltag gut zurechtkommen. Doch ist es auch wichtig, im Alltag zurechtzukommen. Da kann es nicht schaden, auch die Slang Ausdrücke zu kennen. Mit diesem Wörterbuch sind Sie gewappnet.

Alles, was man auf Englands Straßen wissen muss - Slang für den Alltag.

Gutes Englisch ist eine feine Sache: Lesen, schreiben, sich unterhalten und im Alltag gut zurechtkommen. Doch wo spielt sich dieser Alltag ab? In "fancy, snobby spots", bei einem "pencil pusher" oder dem "old fart"? Was ist, wenn sich "hood" und Ton ändern und man mit einem "May I ..." und "Excuse me ..." bloß wie der letzte "eager-beaver" erscheint? "Aight", dann lieber eine "jammy bitch" sein, das Slang-Wörterbuch zücken und wie ein "native speaker" durch das Leben ziehen - schon ist alles "hunky-dory"! Damit wird garantiert die nötige "street credibility" erreicht, also: fette "props" für dieses Wörterbuch!

Köln 2015, 12 x 18,5 cm, 160 S., geb.

Gutes Englisch ist eine feine Sache: Lesen, schreiben, sich unterhalten und im Alltag gut zurechtkommen. Doch wo spielt sich dieser Alltag ab? In "fancy, snobby spots", bei einem "pencil pusher" oder dem "old fart"? Was ist, wenn sich "hood" und Ton ändern und man mit einem "May I ..." und "Excuse me ..." bloß wie der letzte "eager-beaver" erscheint? "Aight", dann lieber eine "jammy bitch" sein, das Slang-Wörterbuch zücken und wie ein "native speaker" durch das Leben ziehen - schon ist alles "hunky-dory"! Damit wird garantiert die nötige "street credibility" erreicht, also: fette "props" für dieses Wörterbuch!

"§"
Partridge, Eric
A Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English (DSUE)

Synopsis
The definitive work on slang and unconventional English in its very first paperback edition. Fully revised and updated by Paul Beale, this eagerly awaited eighth edition is the last to contain Partridge's original work. The dictionary gives a fully documented account of English slang over four centuries and has entertained and informed all lovers of the English language.

"§"
Partridge, Eric
Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English
Colloquialisms, and Catch-Phrases, Solecisms and Catachresis, Nicknames, and Vulgarisms

Wordslinger Eric Partridge intended his dictionary to be a "humble companion" to the Oxford English Dictionary - a ribald companion is more like it! In Partridge's domain, a gentleman's pleasure-garden has little to do with the horticultural, referring as it does to the genitalia muliebria. On the other hand, play pussy is a Royal Air Force term meaning "to take advantage of cloud cover," and since the 1970s British forces have called intelligence operatives secret squirrels. And so it goes.

There is enough slang, cant ("i.e., language of the underworld"), and "expletives" here for all takers - there's low, Cockney rhyming, "picturesque Australian similes," society phrases, and even the semiproverbial. Dorothy Wordsworth, of all people, used a nod is as good as a wink to a blind horse--a phrase "applied to a covert yet comprehensible hint, though often stupidity is implied."

Partridge also reveals low language's less larky side. His book can be a dark record of linguistic prejudice through the ages. Of course, in a slang dictionary, nothing is what it seems. Elevated means "drunk"; a deep-freezer is "a girl or woman of the prim or keep-off-me type"; and stage fright is late-20th-century rhyming slang for "a (glass of) light (ale)." Are you able to descry what the jocular Seduce my ancient footwear really means? If not, consider consulting Partridge's masterwork, as large as life and twice as natural.

"§"
Simpson, John - TFESD
The First English Slang Dictionary

This is a republication by the Bodleian Library, Oxford, of a work of 1699 whose full title was A New Dictionary of the Terms Ancient and Modern of the Canting Crew, in its several Tribes of Gypsies, Beggars, Thieves, Cheats Etc. You might argue that the title of this work is an error, since the word slang was unknown to its anonymous compiler (it was first recorded half a century later, in 1756).
...
[The First English Dictionary of Slang 1699, with an Introduction by John Simpson; published in the UK by Bodleian Library Publishing on 15 September 2010 and in North America on 15 October 2010; ISBN: 978-1-85124-348-8; pp224; publisher’s UK price £12.99.]

"§"
Steiner, Arthur
Englisch, wie es nicht im Wörterbuch steht
Sprachführer und Einführung in die englische Lebensart

Kurzbeschreibung
Eine amüsante Einführung in die Wesensart der Engländer und in ihren Slang.

"§"
Trudgill, Peter / Hannah, Jean (Autoren)
International English
A guide to the varieties of Standard English

Kurzbeschreibung
From Scotland to Singapore, Canada to the Channel Islands, Namibia to New Zealand and beyond, International English takes you on a fascinating journey through the varieties of Standard English spoken around the world. Comparisons across the varieties provide a comprehensive guide to differences in phonetics, phonology, grammar and vocabulary, providing a useful resource for teachers of English as a foreign language and linguistics students alike. In this fifth edition the authors have added a new discussion of what Standard English really is, as well as an outline of typologies of varieties of English including ELF 'English as a lingua franca'. This new material will be of particular interest to teachers and advanced learners of English as a foreign or second language as well as students of sociolinguistics, English language and language variation. MP3 files, ideal for use in class, at home or on the move, are free to download from our website, www.hodderplus.com/linguistics, and feature audio examples from throughout the text. The new material, coupled with a thorough updating of the remaining text and references, ensures that International English will remain a favourite and indispensable resource for teachers and students for many years to come.

"§"
Uni Manchester
Angloromani Dictionary
Romani Linguistics and Romani Language Projects

Browse

• Dictionary
• List of Published Sources
• Help

Admin

• Utterance sound files
• Word form sound files

"§"
Williams, Andrew
Rude Words. A Short Dictionary

139 S.
ISBN: 978-3-15-019809-4

Rude Words sind Wörter, die man nicht verwenden sollte, verbotene, unanständige, obszöne Wörter, die einem gleichwohl allenthalben begegnen: in der Alltagssprache und überall dort, wo Presse, Musik, Film, Literatur ein ungeschminktes Bild der Realität wiedergeben. Es ist daher wichtig, sie genau zu kennen und über ihre Verwendung und ihre Bedeutungsnuancen Bescheid zu wissen. In diesem kleinen Wörterbuch sind rund 50 solcher Wörter zusammengestellt, definiert und erläutert, mit Zusammensetzungen, Wendungen und Beispielsätzen, die immer auch übersetzt werden, sowie Hinweisen auf Etymologie, Geschichte und Gebrauch eines Worts.