Etymologie, Etimología, Étymologie, Etimologia, Etymology, (griech.) etymología, (lat.) etymologia, (esper.) etimologio
UK Vereinigtes Königreich Großbritannien und Nordirland, Reino Unido de Gran Bretaña e Irlanda del Norte, Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord, Regno Unito di Gran Bretagna e Irlanda del Nord, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, (esper.) Britujo
Anatomie, Anatomía, Anatomie, Anatomia, Anatomy, (esper.) anatomio, histologio

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Face (W3)

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labrose (W3)

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lip (W3)

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lymph (W3)

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"Lymph" is the fluid that circulates throughout the lymphatic system. The lymph is formed when the interstitial fluid is collected through lymph capillaries. As the blood and the surrounding cells continually add and remove substances from the interstitial fluid, its composition continually changes and it changes into lymph fluid. It is then transported through lymph vessels to lymph nodes before emptying ultimately into the right or the left subclavian vein, where it mixes back with blood. Lymph returns protein and excess interstitial fluid to the circulation. Lymph may pick up bacteria and bring them to lymph nodes where they are destroyed. Metastatic cancer cells can also be transported via lymph. Lymph also transports fats from the digestive system.

The word "lymph" is derived from the name of the Roman deity of fresh water, "Lympha".
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lymph

• lymph capillary
• lymph cell
• lymph gland
• lymph node
• lymph node excision
• lymph nodes
• lymph vessel
• Lymphad
• lymphadenectomy
• lymphadenitis
• lymphadenoma
• lymphadenopathic
• lymphadenopathy
• lymphangeitis
• lymphangial
• lymphangiectasia
• lymphangiectasis
• lymphangiectasis, i…
• lymphangiogenesis
• lymphangiogenic
• lymphangiogram
• lymphangiography
• lymphangioleiomyoma…
• lymphangioma
• lymphangioma, cystic
• lymphangiomyoma
• lymphangiopathy
• lymphangiosarcoma
• lymphangitis
• lymphate
• lymphated
• lymphatic
• lymphatic abnormali…
• lymphatic diseases
• lymphatic irradiati…
• lymphatic metastasis
• lymphatic node
• lymphatic system
• lymphatic tissue
• lymphatic vessel
• lymphatic vessel tu…
• lymphatic vessels
• lymphatics
• lymphatism
• lymphedema
• lymphitis
• lymphlike
• lymphlined
• lympho-
• lymphoblast
• lymphoblastic
• lymphoblastic leuke…
• lymphoblastic lymph…
• lymphoblastoid
• lymphocele
• lymphocryptovirus
• lymphocyte
• lymphocyte activati…
• lymphocyte antigen …
• lymphocyte cooperat…
• lymphocyte count
• lymphocyte culture …
• lymphocyte depletion
• lymphocyte function…
• lymphocyte specific…
• lymphocyte subsets
• lymphocyte transfus…
• lymphocytes
• lymphocytes, null
• lymphocytes, tumor-…
• lymphocytic
• lymphocytic choriom…
• lymphocytic choriom…
• lymphocytic leukemia
• lymphocytopenia
• lymphocytosis
• lymphodema
• lymphodemous
• lymphoepithelioma
• lymphogenic
• lymphoglandula
• lymphogram
• lymphogranuloma
• lymphogranuloma ven…
• lymphography
• lymphohematopoietic
• lymphohistiocytosis
• lymphohistiocytosis…
• lymphoid
• lymphoid enhancer-b…
• lymphoid leukemia
• lymphoid progenitor…
• lymphoid tissue
• lymphokine
• lymphokine-activate…
• lymphokines
• lymphoma
• lymphoma, aids-rela…
• lymphoma, b-cell
• lymphoma, b-cell, m…
• lymphoma, extranoda…
• lymphoma, follicular
• lymphoma, large b-c…
• lymphoma, large-cel…
• lymphoma, large-cel…
• lymphoma, mantle-ce…
• lymphoma, non-hodgk…
• lymphoma, primary c…
• lymphoma, primary e…
• lymphoma, t-cell
• lymphoma, t-cell, c…
• lymphoma, t-cell, p…
• lymphomagenesis
• lymphomatoid granul…
• lymphomatoid papulo…
• lymphomatosis
• lymphonodus
• lymphopathia venere…
• lymphopenia
• lymphopenic
• lymphopoiesis
• lymphopoietic
• lymphoproliferation
• lymphoproliferative
• lymphoproliferative…
• lymphoreticular
• lymphosarcoma
• lymphotoxin
• lymphotoxin alpha1,…
• lymphotoxin beta re…
• lymphotoxin-alpha
• lymphotoxin-beta
• lymphotrophic
• lymphotropic
• lymphuria
• lymphy
• lympphocytic chorio…

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mentalfloss.com
The Origins of 8 Curious Body Part Names

Why does the back of your lower leg have the same name as a baby cow? How come the bottom of your foot has the name of a fish?

• 1. Calf - This one’s a coincidence. The baby cow calf and the back of the lower leg calf are homographs, words with different origins that ended up spelled (and in this case pronounced) the same. The bovine word is from Old English cælf, of Germanic origin. The anatomical term entered English in the Middle Ages and comes from Old Norse kálfi.
• 2. Sole - On the other hand (or should we say the other foot?), the fishy and the fleshy sole are related. Sole, meaning the bottom of a person’s foot, entered Middle English via Old French, from Latin solea, meaning "sandal, sill," which is derived from solum, meaning "bottom," "pavement," or—wait for it—"sole." The fish is named for its shape: like the bottom of a foot.
• 3. Palm - What does the inner surface of your hand have to do with trees you might see on a beach in Hawaii? Tropical islands aren’t the only places with palm trees. In ancient Rome it was customary to place a palm leaf in the hands of the victor in a contest. The Latin word palma (also palmus), meaning "palm of the hand," became associated with the tree. Fun fact: the Romans also used palma for the underside of a webbed foot.
• 4. Elbow - If you guessed that the -bow in elbow has to do with bending (even if it’s not bending into a smooth arc like a rainbow or a cross-bow), you’re right. But what about the el-? Old English eln, meaning "arm or forearm," is related to ulna, which meant the same in Latin, and is now used in English to refer to the large inner bone of the forearm. El- is also related to ell, the unit of length sometimes defined as the distance from the elbow to the wrist, which is probably the source of much arm-wrestling between long-armed customers and short-armed cloth merchants.
• 5. Thumb - The word for the short, thick, opposable digit of the human hand goes back to Old English thuma, from the Indo-European root teu?-, "to swell." Other words derived from this root are thigh, thousand, thimble, tumor, butter, tomb, and tumescence. Keep that in mind when you give someone the old “thumbs up.”
• 6. Index finger - This digit wasn’t named for its usefulness in flipping to the end of a book to look something up, but because it’s used for pointing or indicating. In fact the earliest meaning (from the late 1300s) of index is "the forefinger." The use of the word to mean "an alphabetical list pointing to occurrences of names or subjects within a book" came a couple of centuries later.
• 7. Pupil - What does the opening in the eye that allows light to reach the retina have to do with a young student? Pupil, originally meaning "orphan" or "ward," came into late Middle English from Old French pupille, which derives from Latin pupillus (diminutive of pupus, "boy") and pupilla (diminutive of pupa, "girl"). By the 16th century, it came to mean "a person who is being taught by another." The pupil of the eye also came into late Middle English from Old French pupille, likewise from Latin pupilla, with the extended sense of "doll" rather than "little girl." Why a doll? Believe it or not, lexicographers claim it’s because of the small, reflected image you see when looking into someone’s pupil.
• 8. Iris - Speaking of the eye, why does its colored part have the name of a flower? The colorful ring-shaped membrane of the eye and the flower both take their name from Iris, the goddess of the rainbow in Greek mythology.

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Merrythought (W3)

"merrythought": A finishing tool in the form of a wishbone, or "merrythought," usually embellished with cusps or foliage. It was used on late 15th century and 16th century blind stamped bindings.

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Außerdem ist Galatea der Name der Mädchenstatue, die der Bildhauer Pygmalion schuf und in die er sich dem Mythos nach verliebte. So sehr, daß die Liebesgöttin Aphrodite schließlich Erbarmen hatte und die Statue zum Leben erweckte.

Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds, By CHARLES MACKAY, LL.D.
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I have known the shooting of a star spoil a night's rest, and have seen a man in love grow pale and lose his appetite upon the plucking of a merrythought.
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Merrythought, Professor Galatea

Galatea Merrythought: Etym: The name of Pygmalion's statue, and also of a nymph.

Merrythought, Galatea (HBP ch. 17): The last person to remain as Defense Against the Dark Arts teacher for more than a year.

Merrythought has handmade traditional teddy bears in the World Heritage Site of Ironbridge, Shropshire, UK since 1930. Merrythought is a family business famous for crafting the finest, jointed, mohair teddy bears adored by children and adults across the world. Every one of our bears is lovingly made by hand in our factory in the heart of England, giving them a unique character and superior quality that can last a lifetime. Our range includes Traditional and Limited Edition teddy bears as well as our iconic Cheeky and Punkie bears - every one of our bears is a unique Merrythought design, artistically brought to life using over 80 years of skills. Merrythought teddy bears have universal appeal making them the perfect gift for a christening, wedding or birthday as well as special collector’s items; our quintessentially British teddy bears make a truly special lifelong gift. We also make personalised teddy bears and bespoke corporate teddy bears.

1930

With the assistance of Clifton Rendle of Chad Valley and Henry Janisch of J. K. Farnell (two leading British soft toy manufacturers) Gordon Holmes diversifies his textile businesses by founding "Merrythought Toys". Production begins at a factory owned by The Coalbrookdale Company in Ironbridge, Shropshire - the home of the Industrial Revolution (now a World Heritage Site)

Merrythought wishbone

The origin of the name Merrythought derives from an archaic name for a wishbone, a symbol of ‘good luck’ - the wishbone has been the company’s emblem since 1930.

merrythought

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pharynx (W3)

Definitions

"pharynx", noun (plural pharynges or pharynxes)

(anatomy) The part of the alimentary canal that extends from the mouth and nasal cavities to the larynx, where it becomes continuous with the esophagus.

Translations:

• Dutch: farynx
• French: pharynx
• German: Pharynx
• Italian: faringe
• Spanish: faringe

Etymology: Via modern Latin from Greek

Henry Gray (1821–1865). Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918.

2c. The Pharynx

The "pharynx" is that part of the digestive tube which is placed behind the nasal cavities, mouth, and larynx. It is a musculomembranous tube, somewhat conical in form, with the base upward, and the apex downward, extending from the under surface of the skull to the level of the cricoid cartilage in front, and that of the sixth cervical vertebra behind.

The cavity of the "pharynx" is about 12.5 cm. long, and broader in the transverse than in the antero-posterior diameter. Its greatest breadth is immediately below the base of the skull, where it projects on either side, behind the pharyngeal ostium of the auditory tube, as the pharyngeal recess (fossa of Rosenmüller); its narrowest point is at its termination in the esophagus. It is limited, above, by the body of the sphenoid and basilar part of the occipital bone; below, it is continuous with the esophagus; posteriorly, it is connected by loose areolar tissue with the cervical portion of the vertebral column, and the prevertebral fascia covering the Longus colli and Longus capitis muscles; anteriorly, it is incomplete, and is attached in succession to the medial pterygoid plate, pterygomandibular raphé, mandible, tongue, hyoid bone, and thyroid and cricoid cartilages; laterally, it is connected to the styloid processes and their muscles, and is in contact with the common and internal carotid arteries, the internal jugular veins, the glossopharyngeal, vagus, and hypoglossal nerves, and the sympathetic trunks, and above with small parts of the Pterygoidei interni. Seven cavities communicate with it, viz., the two nasal cavities, the two tympanic cavities, the mouth, the larynx, and the esophagus. The cavity of the pharynx may be subdivided from above downward into three parts: nasal, oral, and laryngeal (Fig. 994).

"pharynx" - Cavity in the digestive tract just past the mouth itself. May be muscularized for sucking or swallowing in various animals.

"pharynx", (Greek: “throat”) cone-shaped passageway leading from the oral and nasal cavities in the head to the esophagus and larynx. The "pharynx chamber" serves both respiratory and digestive functions. Thick fibres of muscle and connective tissue attach the pharynx to the base of the skull and surrounding structures. Both circular and longitudinal muscles occur in the walls of the pharynx; the circular muscles form constrictions that help push food to the esophagus and prevent air from being swallowed, while the longitudinal fibres lift the walls of the pharynx during swallowing.
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"pharynx", noun, plural "pharynges", "pharynxes", (Anatomy)

the tube or cavity, with its surrounding membrane and muscles, that connects the mouth and nasal passages with the esophagus.

ORIGIN OF PHARYNX

1685–95; New Latin, Greek "phárynx" = "throat", akin to "pháranx" = "gulf", "chasm"

pharynx (n.)

"musculo-membranous pouch at the back of the nasal cavities, mouth, and larynx", 1690s, from Greek "pharynx" (genitive "pharyngos") "throat", "joint opening of the windpipe", which is related to "pharanx" = "cleft", "chasm", "gully", "deep trench"; all of uncertain origin; Beekes suggests Pre-Greek origin. The combining form is "pharyngo-", before vowels "pharyng-"; the Modern Latin plural is "pharynges".

"Pharynx": The hollow tube that is about 5 inches long and starts behind the nose and ends at the top of the trachea (windpipe) and esophagus. The pharynx serves as a vestibule or entryway for the trachea and esophagus.

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"Pharynx". Once again, we must tread gingerly. The root of pharynx, ultimately from Classical Greek, is believed to be related to many words in the Indo-European languages having the root "bher-" = "to cut", "pierce". Among them we find Engl. "bore" (verb), "burin" (from French, but ultimately from a Germanic word for "auger"), and "barrow" = "castrated pig".

"Pharynx" should then be understood as "cutting", "cleft", "passage". Its connection with "cutting", therefore, will not be through the activities of cutthroats, and its connection with "plow" will not be through "depth" (as suggested in the question). The origin of "pharynx" is, to a certain extent, debatable, but it saddens me to report that the origin of "larynx" is considerably more obscure.
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"pharynx":

A region of the ingestion apparatus lying internal to the mouth (of a metazoan organism) or internal to the cytostome of a protist. Involved in the swallowing process (see cytopharynx).

"cytopharynx":

Part of the food ingestion structures (mouth) of some cells; usually a channel of microtubules that draws newly formed food vacuoles away from the cytostome and into the cell.

The "pharynx" (plural: "pharynges") is the part of the neck and throat situated immediately posterior to (behind) the mouth and nasal cavity, and cranial, or superior, to the oesophagus, larynx, and trachea.
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• "pharynx" is std English
• "pharynx" is std French
• "Rachen" is std German
• "faringe" is std Portuguese
• "faringe" is std Spanish

Definition: see „articulatory region“

• "articulatory region" is std English
• "Artikulationsregion" is std German
• "região articulatória" is std Portuguese

Definition:

“The mouth and the throat can be roughly divided into several articulatory regions. To locate a specific place of articulation, the termes for these regions will be modified by prefixes like "pre-" or "post-" for adjacent positions or by combinations of the main notions.“

There are different main regions of articulation:

• - lip(s): Sounds the articulation of which involves the lips are called labials.
• - teeth: ... dentals.
• - alveolar ridge: ... alveolars.
• - palate: ...palatals.
• - velum: ...velars.
• - uvula: ...uvulars.
• - pharynx: ...pharyngals.
• - epiglottis: ...epiglottals.
• - glottis: ...glottals.

"pharyngeal canal" (CTENO) The stomodeal canal.

"pharyngeal ganglion" see "corpora cardiaca"

"pharyngeal glands"

• 1. (ARTHRO: Insecta) In Hymenoptera:
• a. Lateral : a long coiled chainof follicles in the antero-dorsal region of the head of worker Apoidea; the source of royal jelly.
• b. Ventral : a transverse row of cells opening into the floor of the pharynx between the ducts of the lateral pharyngeal glands.
• 2. (NEMATA) see "esophageal glands".

"pharyngeal skeleton" see "cephalopharyngeal skeleton"

"pharyngeal tube" (ARTHRO: Insecta) In Siphunculata, the entrance to the cibarial pump. see "sac tube", "trophic sac".

"pharyngeate, nonocellate cercariae (PLATY: Trematoda) Furcocercous cercariae that develop in sporocysts or rediae and penetrate into avertebrate to encyst.

"pharyngo-intestinal valve see "cardia"

"pharynx", n.; pl. "pharynges", "pharynxes" [Gr. "pharynx", "gullet"]

• 1. In insects, annelids, arachnids and platyhelminths the anterior part of the foregut, between the mouth and the esophagus.
• 2. (NEMATA)
• a. The posterior portion of the stoma (esophastome); anterior stomal regionof the esophagus proper.
• b. Sometimes used as a synonym of esophagus.

"pharynx of Leisblein" see "esophageal bulb"

"pharynx", noun, Inflected Form(s): plural "pharynges"; also "pharynxes":

a tube extending from the back of the nasal cavity and mouth to the esophagus in vertebrate animals that is the passage through which air passes to the larynx and food to the esophagus

Word Unit: "pharyngo-", "pharyng-" (Greek: "pharynx" [the alimentary canal between the palate and the esophagus]; part of the neck or throat).

• pharyngal
• pharyngeal
• pharyngectomy
• pharyngismus
• pharyngitis
• pharyngocele
• pharyngognathi: A division of fish in which the lower pharyngeal bones (cavity at the back of the mouth) are united.
• pharyngolaryngeal: Related both to the pharynx (cavity at the back of the mouth) and to the larynx.
• pharyngology
• pharyngopneusta
• pharyngoscope
• 1. A medical instrument used for examining the pharynx or throat.
• 2. An endoscopic device for examining the lining of the pharynx or throat.
• pharyngotomy
• pharynobranchial

"pharyngo-", "pharyng-" (Greek: "pharynx" [the alimentary canal between the palate and the esophagus]; part of the neck or throat).

• adenopharyngitis:
• pharyngal:
• pharyngeal:
• pharyngectomy:
• pharyngismus:
• pharyngitis:
• pharyngocele:
• pharyngognathi:
• pharyngolaryngeal:
• pharyngology:
• pharyngopneusta:
• pharyngoscope:
• pharyngotomy:
• pharynobranchial:

"Pharynx", Words form: "pharynges", "pharynxes"

ORIGIN OF PHARYNX

New Latin "pharynx", "pharyng-" from Greek "pharunx"

From New Latin "pharynx", from Ancient Greek "pharunks", “pharynx"

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Prostate (W3)

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