Etymologie, Etimología, Étymologie, Etimologia, Etymology, (griech.) etymología, (lat.) etymologia, (esper.) etimologio
ES Spanien, España, Espagne, Spagna, Spain, (esper.) Hispanujo
Suffix, Sufijo, Suffixe, Suffisso, Suffix, (esper.) sufiksoj

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Raices Griegas - Sufijos
Griechische Wurzeln im Spanischen

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Raices Latinas - Sufijos
Lateinische Wurzeln im Spanischen

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Spanish Suffixes
Most Are Cognates of Those We Use in English

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English Cognates

These suffixes are ones that are similar to suffixes in English and have a similar meaning. Nearly all of them have come to both languages by way of Greek or Latin. Most have an abstract meaning, or are used to change one part of speech into another.

Here are some of the more commonly used cognates along with an example of each:

• -aje — -age — kilometraje (like mileage, but in kilometers)
• -ancia — -ancy — discrepancia (discrepancy)
• -arquía — -archy — monarquía (monarchy)
• -ático — -atic — lunático (lunatic)
• -ble — -ble — manejable (manageable)
• -cida, cidio — -cide — insecticida (insecticide)
• -ción — -tion — agravación (aggravation)
• -cracia — -cracy — democracia (democracy)
• -crata — -crat — burócrata (bureaucrat)
• -dad — -ity — pomposidad (pomposity)
• -esa, -iz, -isa — -ess — actriz (actress)
• -fico, -fica — -fic — horrífico (horrific)
• -filo, -filia — -file — bibliófilo (bibliophile)
• -fobia — -phobia — claustrofobia (claustrophobia)
• -fono — -phone — teléfono (telephone)
• -icio, -icia — -ice — avaricia (avarice)
• -ificar — -ify — dignificar (to dignify)
• -ismo — -ism — budismo (Buddhism)
• -dad — -ity — pomposidad (pomposity)
• -ista — -ist — dentista (dentist)
• -itis — -itis — flebitis (phlebitis)
• -izo — -ish — rojizo (reddish)
• -or, -ora — -er — pintor (painter)
• -osa, -oso — -ous — maravilloso (marvelous)
• -tud — -tude — latitud (latitude)

Miscellaneous Suffixes

Finally, there are suffixes that don't have a clear English equivalent. Here are some of the common ones along with an explanation of their meanings and an example of each:

• -ada — similar to English suffix "-ful" or "-load" — cucharada, spoonful (from cuchara, spoon)
• -ado, -ido — can indicate similarity to root word — dolorido, painful
• -al — indicates a tree or grove — manzanal, apple tree
• -anza — makes noun forms of some verbs — enseñanza, education
• -ario — indicates profession or place — bibliotecario, librarian
• -azo — a blow of the object of the root word — estacazo, a hit with a stick (from estaca, stake)
• -dero — indicates instrument, means, or capacity — lavandero, laundry (from lavar, to clean)
• -dor, -dora — indicates agent, machine or place; sometimes similar to "-er" — jugador, player; comedor, diner; calculadora, calculator
• -dura — indicates the effect of an action — picadura, puncture (from picar, to pick)
• -ear — common verb ending, often used with coined words — emailear, to email
• -ense — indicates place of origin — estadounidense, of or from the United States, American
• -ería — place where items are made or sold — zapatería, shoe store
• -ero — variety of meanings relating to root word — sombrero, hat (from sombra, shade); vaquero, cowboy (from vaca, cow)
• -és —indicates place of origin — holandés, Dutch
• -eza — makes abstract nouns from adjectives — pureza, purity

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