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How Londinium Became "London", Lutetia Became "Paris", and Other Roman Cities Got Their Modern Names
in History | January 3rd, 2024 Leave a Comment
They Might Be Giants achieved pop-cultural immortality when they covered Jimmy Kennedy and music by Nat Simon’s novelty song “Istanbul (Not Constantinople)” in 1990. Key to the the lyrics’ humor is their simultaneous fixation on and apparent disinterest in the reason for the re-naming of the Turkish metropolis. As often as you hear the song — and we’ve all heard it countless times over the past few decades — you’ll learn only that Constantinople became Istanbul, not why. In his new video above, on how the cities of the Roman Empire got their modern names, ancient history YouTuber Garrett Ryan, creator of Youtube channel Told in Stone, provides a little more detail.
"Istanbul" seems to be a Turkish rendering of the Greek phrase "eis ten polin", "into the city", Ryan says. Other of that country’s urban settlements have names that would be more recognizable to an ancient Roman citizen: "Bursa" is "Prusa", "Smyrna" is "Izmir", "Attaleia" is "Antalya", "Iconium" is "Konya", and "Ancyra" is "Ankara".
"Iznik" was originally called "Nicaea", but so was "Nice", France (though only the former has the historical distinction of having produced the "Nicene Creed"). “The French towns "Aix" and "Dax" are descendants of the Latin "aquae", "springs". The same word, literally translated, is behind "Baden Baden", Germany, and "Bath", England.”
For some cities, the transition from a Roman to post-Roman name didn’t happen in one simple step. It’s well known that, in the days of the Roman Empire, "London" was called "Londinium"; what’s less well known is that it also took on the names "Lundenwic" and "Lundenburg" in the eras between. And “although the classical name of "Paris" was "Lutetia"” — as previously featured here on Open Culture — “the city was already known by the name of a local tribe, the "Parisii", by late antiquity.” If you can guess the current names of Forum Traiani, Igilgili, or, Borbetomagus, you’ve got a keener sense of ancient history than most. Modern Western civilization may descend from the Roman Empire, but that legacy comes through much more clearly in some places than others.
Related content:
- A Virtual Tour of Ancient Rome, Circa 320 CE: Explore Stunning Recreations of The Forum, Colosseum and Other Monuments
- A 3D Animation Reveals What Paris Looked Like When It Was a Roman Town
- A Data Visualization of Every Italian City & Town Founded in the BC Era
- The Roads of Ancient Rome Visualized in the Style of Modern Subway Maps
- Every Roman Emperor: A Video Timeline Moving from Augustus to the Byzantine Empire’s Last Ruler, Constantine XI
- Do You Think About Ancient Rome Every Day? Then Browse a Wealth of Videos, Maps & Photos That Explore the Roman Empire
Chapters:
- 0:00 Introduction
- 1:15 Patterns
- 2:20 Britain
- 3:47 Germany
- 4:45 France
- 5:14 Spain and Italy
- 6:12 Ground News
- 7:39 The Balkans
- 8:11 Greece and Turkey
- 9:11 The Middle East and North Africa
- 9:53 Medieval nicknames
- 10:41 Re-classicized names
- 11:31 Faux classical names
- 12:06 Forgotten names
Updated 11/24/09
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- London, England, U.K. - Central (Lonely Planet)
- London, England, U.K. - Ethnicity and Religion Maps (Guardian Unlimited)
- London, England, U.K. - Panoramic Images (The London Map)
- London, England, U.K. - Photos of Streets, Tourist Sites (Explore London)
- London, England, U.K. - Searchable Map (streetmap.co.uk)
- London, England, U.K. - Street Map [click on the map image] (Sprachurlaub.de) [pdf format]
- London, England, U.K. - Transport Maps (Transport for London)
- Long Beach, California, U.S.A. (Google Maps)
- Los Angeles, California, U.S.A. (Yahoo Maps)
- Long Beach, California, U.S.A. (Where Los Angeles)
- Los Alamos, New Mexico, U.S.A. (Virtual Los Alamos)
- Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.(ArtScene)
- Los Angeles, California, U.S.A. (Lonely Planet)
- Los Angeles, California, U.S.A. - Digital Atlas (William Bowen)
- Los Angeles, California, U.S.A. - Interactive City Maps (City of Los Angeles)
- Los Angeles, California, U.S.A. - Metro Rail System Map
- Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.A. (Tripinfo)
- Luang Prabang, Laos (Travelfish.org)
- Lübeck, Germany
- Lucknow, India (mapsofindia.com)
- Luxembourg City, Luxembourg - Maps (Luxembourg City Tourist Office)
- Lyon, France (Routard.com)
- Madina, Saudi Arabia (UBC)
- Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A. (Yahoo Maps)
- Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A. - Maps (City of Madison)
- Madrid, Spain (Lonely Planet)
- Madrid, Spain (Yahoo Travel)
- Madrid, Spain - Clickable Map (Euro Ave.)
- Madrid, Spain - Maps (Softguides.com)
- Madrid, Spain - Street Index (Euro Ave.)
- Madrid, Spain - Street Map [click on the map image] (Sprachurlaub.de) [pdf format]
- Madrid, Spain - Subway Map (Urbanrail.net)
- Madurai, India (mapsofindia.com)
- Makkah (Mecca), Saudi Arabia (UBC)
- Makkah (Mecca), Saudi Arabia - Hajj Route (CSM)
- [Malacca] Melaka, Malaysia (City Bayview Hotel)
- Malaga, Spain (PlanetWare)
- Malaga, Spain (Hot_Maps)
- Malaga, Spain - Street Map [click on the map image] (Sprachurlaub.de) [pdf format]
- Managua, Nicaragua (CentralAmerica.com)
- Managua, Nicaragua (Zonu)
- Manama, Bahrain (Yahoo)
- Mandalay, Burma/Myanmar (Thaifocus)
- Manila, Philippines (Lonely Planet)
- Manila, Philippines - Clickable Map (Kabeet)
- Mansehra, Pakistan (Johnthemap)
- Maputo, Mozambique (Quid)
- Maracaibo, Venezuela - Bus Map
- Mazatlan, Mexico - Maps (Maztravel)
- Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (Google Maps)
- Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (Lonely Planet)
- Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (World Executive)
- Melbourne, Victoria, Australia - City Center Clickable Map (arta.com.au)
- Melbourne, Victoria, Australia - Environs Clickable Map (arta.com.au)
- Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.A. (Elvis.com) [pdf format]
- Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.A. (Lonely Planet)
- Mexico City, Mexico (Guides Ulysse)
- Mexico City, Mexico - Historical District (Mexicocity.com)
- Mexico City, Mexico - Interactive Map (Mapcity)
- Mexico City, Mexico - Landsat Image (Christopher Small, Columbia University)
- Mexico City, Mexico - Maps (Mexico City Virtual Guide)
- Mexico City, Mexico - Valley (Mexicochannel)
- Miami, Florida, U.S.A. (Lonely Planet)
- Miami, Florida, U.S.A. - Interactive Map (EveryScape)
- Milan, Italy (Lonely Planet)
- Milan, Italy - Central (Serenelli Desktop Publishing)
- Milan, Italy - Searchable Street Map (Serenelli Desktop Publishing)
- Milan, Italy - Subway Map (Serenelli Desktop Publishing)
- Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A. (Google Maps)
- Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A. (Yahoo Maps)
- Mingora (and Saidu Sharif), Pakistan (Johnthemap)
- Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.A. - Maps [pdf format]
- Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota, U.S.A. (Lonely Planet)
- Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota, U.S.A. - Transit System Maps
- Mobile, Alabama, U.S.A. - Maps (City of Mobile)
- Modena, Italy (Lonely Planet)
- Mogadishu, Somalia (Maps.com)
- Mogadishu, Somalia - 2007 (UNOSAT)
- Monrovia, Liberia (Quid)
- Montego Bay, Jamaica (Caribbean-On-Line)
- Monterey, California, U.S.A. (Yahoo Travel)
- Montpellier, France - Street Map [click on the map image] (Sprachurlaub.de) [pdf format]
- Montreal, Quebec, Canada (Lonely Planet)
- Montreal, Quebec, Canada (Metro System Map)
- Montreal, Quebec, Canada - Urban Navigator (Ville de Montreal)
- Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico - Central (Universidad Michoacana)
- Moscow, Russia (Google Maps)
- Moscow, Russia (Lonely Planet)
- Moscow, Russia (Yahoo Travel)
- Moscow, Russia - Clickable Map (Euro Ave.)
- Moscow, Russia - Maps (Infoservices)
- Moscow, Russia - Maps (WaytoRussia.net)
- Mount Weather, Virginia, U.S.A. (Cryptome)
- Mulhouse, France (Mulhouse Bienvenue)
- Mumbai, India (Lonely Planet)
- Mumbai, India (OpenStreetMap)
- Mumbai, India - South Mumbai City Map (MapsofIndia)
- Mumbai, India - Suburban Rail Map (Sameer Savkar)
- Munich (München), Germany (Lonely Planet)
- Munich (München), Germany (Stadtplandienst)
- Munich (München), Germany - Clickable Map (hot-map.de)
- Munster, Germany (Hochschultag-ms.de) [pdf format]
- Munster, Germany - Clickable Map (Gabi Heyne)
- Muscat, Oman (World Executive)
- Nagoya, Japan (Japan Hotel Reservations)
- Nairobi, Kenya (Eusoils)
- Nanjing, China - Metro Map (JohoMaps)
- Napa Valley, California, U.S.A. (Lonely Planet)
- Napa Valley, California, U.S.A. - Wine Map (NapaValley.com) [PDF]
- Naples, Italy (Lonely Planet)
- Nara, Japan (Japan National Tourist Organization)
- Nara, Japan (PlanetWare)
- Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.A. (Lonely Planet)
- Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.A. (Tripinfo)
- Nassau, Bahamas (Bahamas-On-Line)
- N'Djamena, Chad (Quid)
- Ndola, Zambia (Zambia Tourism)
- Negril, Jamaica (Caribbean-On-Line)
- New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.A. - Downtown (City of New Haven)
- New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A. (Lonely Planet)
- New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A. (Tripinfo)
- New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A. - French Quarter (MapNewOrleans.com) [PDF]
- New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A. - French Quarter (New Orleans Steamboat)
- New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A. - Levees Map (NOLA.com)
- Newport, Rhode Island, U.S.A. (Citimaps) [PDF]
- New York City, New York, U.S.A.- Bus Maps (MTA) [pdf format]
- New York City, New York, U.S.A. - Clickable Street Map (City of New York)
- New York City, New York, U.S.A. - Digital Atlas (William Bowen)
- New York City, New York, U.S.A. - Interactive Map (EveryScape)
- New York City, New York, U.S.A. - Literary Map of Manhattan (New York Times)
- New York City, New York, U.S.A. - Lower Manhattan (Lonely Planet)
- New York City, New York, U.S.A. - Manhattan Map (NYCVisit.com)
- New York City, New York, U.S.A. - Map Portal (NYC.gov)
- New York City, New York, U.S.A. - Parks Interactive Map (New York City Department of Parks and Recreation)
- New York City, New York, U.S.A. - Subway and Bus Maps (MTA)
- New York City, New York, U.S.A. - Tourist Map (World Executive)
- Newcastle, Australia - Ferry and Bus Map (NSW Government) [pdf format]
- Nha Trang, Vietnam - Hotel Map (Hotels in Vietnam)
- Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada
- Niamey, Niger (Eusoils)
- Niamey, Niger (Quid)
- Nice, France (Lonely Planet)
- Nice, France (Routard.com)
- Nice, France - Center (Alpix)
- Nome, Alaska, U.S.A. (tomsnome)
- Norfolk, Virginia, U.S.A. (MapQuest)
- Norfolk, Virginia, U.S.A. - Downtown (Norfolk Convention and Visitors Bureau) [pdf format]
- Norfolk, Virginia, U.S.A. - Greater Hampton Roads/Norfolk Area (Norfolk Convention and Visitors Bureau) [pdf format]
- Nouakchott, Mauritania (France-Mauritanie)
- Noumea, New Caledonia (Deborde)
- Noumea, New Caledonia - Center (Deborde)
- Nuuk, Greenland (Greenland.com)
- Oakland, California, U.S.A. (Oakland Public Library)
- Oakland, California, U.S.A. - East Bay Area Clickable Map (East Bay Bicycle Coalition)
- Ocho Rios, Jamaica (Caribbean-On-Line)
- Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, U.S.A. (Google Maps)
- Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, U.S.A. (Convention and Visitors Bureau)
- Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, U.S.A. (Tripinfo)
- Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.A. - Bus Map (Metro Area Transit) [PDF]
- Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.A. - Clickable Photo Map (Steve Adams)
- Orange Walk, Belize (Belize.Net)
- Orlando, Florida, U.S.A. (Lonely Planet)
- Orlando, Florida, U.S.A. (Tripinfo)
- Osaka, Japan (PlanetWare)
- Osaka, Japan - Public Transportation (Osaka-Japan.com)
- Osaka, Japan - Subway Map (UrbanRail)
- Oslo, Norway (Visit Oslo)
- Otavalo, Ecuador (Ecuador Explorer)
- Ottawa, Ontario, Canada - eMap (City of Ottawa)
- Oulu, Finland - Maps (Oulun Kaupunki)
- Oxford, England, U.K. - Maps (Daily Info) [PDF]
- Pagan (Bagan), Burma/Myanmar (se-asia.com)
- Pahrump, Nevada, U.S.A. (Access Realty)
- Panama City, Panama (CentralAmerica.com)
- Panama City, Panama (Realestate-Panama)
- Paramaribo, Suriname
- Paris, France (Google Maps)
- Paris, France (Lonely Planet)
- Paris, France - Clickable Map (shows major sights and hotels) (World Executive)
- Paris, France - Street Map [click on the map image] (Sprachurlaub.de) [pdf format]
- Paris, France - Traffic Map
- Patna, India (mapsofindia.com)
- Pau, France
- Penang [Island], Malaysia (Penangweb)
- Perth, Western Australia, Australia (Lonely Planet)
- Perth, Western Australia, Australia - City Center (Discover West Holidays)
- Perth, Western Australia, Australia - City Center (PlanetWare)
- Perth, Western Australia, Australia - Suburbs Clickable Map (arta.com.au)
- Peshawar, Pakistan (DHALahore.net)
- Peshawar, Pakistan (Pamirtours)
- Petionville, Haiti (Haiti-Business.com)
- Phan Thiet, Vietnam - Hotel Map (Hotels in Vietnam)
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. - Maps (Onebigcampus)
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. - Map (Philadelphia Convention and Visitors Bureau)
- Phnom Penh, Cambodia (Cambodia Hotel Reservations)
- Phnom Penh, Cambodia (Travel-Cambodia.com)
- Phnom Penh, Cambodia - Clickable Map (Cambodia Yellow Pages)
- Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A. (Alice Held)
- Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A. (Lonely Planet)
- Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A. - Downtown (Arizona Dept. of Water Resources)
- Phuket Island, Thailand - Clickable Map (Phuket Maps.com)
- Pisa, Italy (Comune di Pisa)
- Pisa, Italy - Clickable Map (Comune di Pisa)
- Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. - Maps (City of Pittsburgh)
- Plovdiv, Bulgaria (All Bulgaria Virtual Guide)
- Ponce, Puerto Rico (Travelmaps.com)
- Port Said, Egypt (PlanetWare)
- Port-au-Prince, Haiti (Haiti-Business.com)
- Portland, Maine, U.S.A. - Maps (City of Portland)
- Portland, Oregon, U.S.A. (EPA) [PDF]
- Portland, Oregon, U.S.A. (Lonely Planet)
- Portland, Oregon, U.S.A. - Transit Maps (Tri-Met)
- Porto, Portugal (ICEIS)
- Potosi, Bolivia (Boliviahostels.com)
- Potsdam, Germany (PlanetWare)
- Prague, Czech Republic (Go Streetmaps)
- Prague, Czech Republic - Clickable Map (Seznam Mapy)
- Prague (Praha), Czech Republic - Environmental Maps (CEROI)
- Presque Isle, Maine (University of Maine)
- Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, Canada (Prince Albert Tourism) [PDF]
- Providence, Rhode Island, U.S.A. (FHWA)
- Puerto Montt, Chile (Lonely Planet)
- Puntarenas, Costa Rica (Maptak)
- Qaqortoq, Greenland (Greenland.com)
- Qasigiannguit, Greenland (Greenland.com)
- Qeqertarsuaq, Greenland (Greenland.com)
- Quebec City, Quebec, Canada (PlanetWare)
- Quetzaltenango, Guatemala (La Ruta Maya Online)
- Quito, Ecuador (Ecuador Explorer)
- Quito, Ecuador (Guides Ulysse)
- Ramallah, West Bank - Maps (GlobalSecurity.org)
- Rangoon/Yangon, Burma/Myanmar
- Rawalpindi, Pakistan (Johnthemap)
- Recife, Brazil (Magellan)
- Reno, Nevada, U.S.A. (Lonely Planet)
- Reykjavik, Iceland (Adam.is)
- Rincon, Puerto Rico (Travelmaps.com)
- Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (PlanetWare)
- Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - Clickable Map (World Executive)
- Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - Interactive Map (Mapcity)
- Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - Maps (PlanetWare)
- Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A. (Minnesota Dept. of Natural Resources)
- Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A. - Hotels (Rochester Lodging Association)
- Rome, Italy (Lonely Planet)
- Rome, Italy - Clickable Map and Map Search (Enroma.com)
- Rome, Italy - Public Transport Maps (ATAC)
- Rome, Italy - Street Map [click on the map image] (Sprachurlaub.de) [pdf format]
- Sacramento, California, U.S.A. (Digital Atlas/William Bowen)
- Sacramento, California, U.S.A. (Google Maps)
- Saida, Lebanon (DiscoverLebanon)
- Saint John's, Antigua (Caribbean-On-Line)
- St. Julians, Malta (Sprachschule Malta)
- Saint-Louis, Senegal (Au Senegal)
- Saint-Louis, Senegal (Lonely Planet)
- Saint Louis, Missouri, U.S.A. - Downtown (National Park Service)
- Saint Petersburg, Russia (Lonely Planet)
- Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A. (Lonely Planet)
- Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A. - Bus Maps
- Salta, Argentina (Argentina Turistica)
- Samarkand, Uzbekistan (Advantour)
- Samarkand, Uzbekistan (Bukhara.net)
- San Antonio, Texas, U.S.A. - Maps
- San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina (Google Maps)
- San Diego, California, U.S.A. (Lonely Planet)
- San Francisco, California, U.S.A. (Lonely Planet)
- San Francisco, California, U.S.A. - Digital Atlas (William Bowen)
- San Francisco Bay Area, California, U.S.A. - Trail Maps (ABAG)
- San Jose, California, U.S.A. (Google Maps)
- San Jose, California - Downtown (Calapa)
- San Jose, Costa Rica (Centralamerica.com)
- San Jose, Costa Rica (Maptak)
- San Juan, Puerto Rico - Old San Juan (Travelmaps.com)
- San Juan, Puerto Rico - Vicinity (Travelmaps.com)
- San Pedro Sula, Honduras (Honduras Digital)
- Santa Barbara, California, U.S.A. (Lonely Planet)
- Santa Fe, New Mexico (Lonely Planet)
- Santa Rosa de Copan, Honduras (Honduras Digital)
- Santiago, Chile (Gotolatin)
- Santiago, Chile (Mapas de Chile)
- Santiago, Chile - Interactive Map (Planos.cl)
- Santiago de Cuba, Cuba (cubamapa.com)
- Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic - Maps (Caribbean-On-Line)
- Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic - Colonial City
- Sapporo, Japan (Japan Hotel Reservations)
- Sarajevo, Bosnia - Clickable Map (pi7.de)
- Sarajevo - Interactive Map (Grad Sarajevo) [requires Flash]
- Seattle, Washington, U.S.A. (Google Maps)
- Seattle, Washington, U.S.A. (Lonely Planet)
- Seattle, Washington, U.S.A. - Ferry Routes (Ferry Traveller)
- Seattle, Washington, U.S.A. - Maps (City of Seattle)
- Seattle, Washington, U.S.A. - Traffic Map (Washington State Dept. of Transportation)
- Sedona, Arizona, U.S.A. (Lonely Planet)
- Seoul, Korea - Clickable Map (Escortmap)
- Seoul, Korea - Subway Map (Escortmap)
- Seville, Spain (Lonely Planet)
- Shanghai, China (Lonely Planet)
- Shanghai, China (World Executive)
- Shanghai - Region (China Tourist Maps)
- Shanghai, China - Region and City Maps (China Highlights)
- Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (Sharjah Tourism)
- Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada - Maps (Ville de Sherbrooke) [PDF]
- Shillong, India (mapsofindia.com)
- Shiraz, Iran (Shirazcity.org)
- Siem Reap, Cambodia (Thai Flying Club)
- Sihanoukville, Cambodia (Thai Flying Club)
- Singapore (World Executive)
- Singapore - Clickable Map (AsiaTour)
- Singapore - Searchable Map (StreetDirectory.com)
- Sisimiut, Greenland (Greenland.com)
- Skagway, Alaska (Destination Alaska)
- Skardu, Pakistan (Johnthemap)
- Skopje, Macedonia (Unet)
- Sofia, Bulgaria (SofiaHotels.net)
- Springfield, Illinois, U.S.A. (Map Network)
- Stockholm, Sweden (Yahoo Travel)
- Stratford-upon-Avon, England, U.K.
- Sucre, Bolivia (Boliviahostels.com)
- Suzhou, China (PlanetWare)
- Swakopmund, Namibia (Natron.net)
- Sydney, Australia (Lonely Planet)
- Sydney, Australia (World Executive)
- Sydney, Australia - City Center Clickable Map (arta.com.au)
- Sydney, Australia - Greater Sydney (arta.com.au)
- Sydney, Australia - Rail (CityRail)
- Taipei, Taiwan (Lonely Planet)
- Taipei, Taiwan (NTU)
- Taipei, Taiwan (PlanetWare)
- Taiping, Malaysia
- Tallinn, Estonia
- Tampa, Florida, U.S.A. - Maps (TampaGov)
- Tampere, Finland - Maps (City of Tampere)
- Taos, New Mexico, U.S.A. (Lonely Planet)
- Taos, New Mexico, U.S.A. - Clickable Street Map (Community Link)
- Taos, New Mexico, U.S.A. - Maps (Taos Vacation Guide)
- Tashkent, Uzbekistan (Advantour)
- Tasiilaq, Greenland (Greenland.com)
- Tbilisi, Georgia (Lonely Planet)
- Tegucigalpa, Honduras - Maps (Honduras Digital)
- Tehran, Iran (Iran Traveling Center)
- Tehran, Iran (Lonely Planet)
- Tehran, Iran (Tehranshake)
- Tehran, Iran - Clickable Map in English (Sahneh)
- Tehran, Iran - Metro System
- Tel Aviv, Israel (Tel-Aviv-Israel.com)
- Tela, Honduras (Honduras Digital)
- Tianjin, China - Metro Map (JohoMaps)
- Tirana, Albania - Area Map (Informagiovani-Italia)
- Tokyo, Japan (3deearts)
- Tokyo, Japan (World Executive)
- Tokyo, Japan - Subway Map (Tokyometro.jp)
- Tokyo, Japan - Ueno Park (PlanetWare)
- Toronto, Ontario, Canada - Maps (City of Toronto)
- Toronto, Ontario, Canada - Maps (Toronto Malls)
- Toronto, Ontario, Canada - Subway and Bus Maps (TTC)
- Toronto, Ontario, Canada - University of Toronto Map
- Toulouse, France (Routard.com)
- Trieste, Italy - Clickable Map (Euro Ave.)
- Tripoli, Lebanon (DiscoverLebanon)
- Tripoli, Libya (maps.com)
- Trondheim, Norway (NTNU)
- Trujillo, Honduras (Honduras Digital)
- Tucson, Arizona, U.S.A. (Lonely Planet)
- Tulsa, Oklahoma, U.S.A. (Interstate-Guide)
- Tulsa, Oklahoma, U.S.A. - Crime Maps (Tulsa Police Department)
- Tunis, Tunisia - Central (Tunisian National Tourism Office)
- Tunis, Tunisia - Medina (Tunisian National Tourism Office)
- Turku, Finland - Health and Well Being Maps (CEROI)
- Tyre, Lebanon (DiscoverLebanon)
- Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia (Metrotown.info)
- Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia (Mongolia Today)
- Urumqi, China (PlanetWare)
- Ushuaia, Argentina (Argentina Turistica)
- Valdez, Alaska (Alaska Climate Research Center)
- Valencia, Spain (Aboutvalencia.com)
- Valletta, Malta (PlanetWare)
- Valparaiso, Chile (Mapas de Chile)
- Valparaiso, Chile - Interactive Map (Mapcity)
- Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada - Downtown (Tourism Vancouver) [pdf format]
- Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada - Interactive Map (City of Vancouver)
- Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada - Maps (Discover Vancouver)
- Vancouver - Victoria, British Columbia, Canada - Ferry Routes (Ferry Traveller)
- Venice, Italy (Lonely Planet)
- Venice, Italy - Clickable Map with Hotels (Venere.com)
- Verona, Italy (Informagiovani-Italia)
- Venice, Italy - Maps (VeniceXplorer)
- Versailles, France (Quid)
- Vienna, Austria (Lonely Planet)
- Vienna, Austria - Area Road Map
- Vientiane, Laos (Lonely Planet)
- Virginia Beach, Virginia (Andy's Taxi/MapQuest)
- Vladimir, Russia (WaytoRussia.net)
- Warsaw, Poland (IACR)
- Warsaw, Poland - Clickable Map (Euro Ave.)
- Washington, D.C. (Lonely Planet)
- Washington, D.C. - Capitol Complex (Architect of the Capitol)
- Washington, D.C. - District of Columbia - Simple Map (Holt, Reinhart and Winston)
- Washington, D.C. - Clickable Map (World Executive)
- Washington, D.C. - Dulles Airport Terminal Map (Metro Washington Airports Authority)
- Washington, D.C. - Interactive Map (Chubb Custom Cartography)
- Washington, D.C. - Interactive Map (Map Network)
- Washington, D.C. - Metrorail System Map (WMATA)
- Washington, D.C. - National Register of Historic Places Clickable Map
- Wellington, New Zealand (Google Maps)
- Wellington, New Zealand - Interactive Map (Wises Maps)
- Wellington, New Zealand - Maps (wellingtonNZ.com)
- White Rock, New Mexico Street Map (Virtual Los Alamos)
- Windhoek, Namibia - Maps (Namibia Real Estate)
- Wroclaw, Poland
- Wuhan, China - Metro Map (JohoMaps)
- Xi'an, China (PlanetWare)
- Xi'an, China (TravelChinaGuide)
- Yamoussoukro, Cote d'Ivoire (Quid)
- Yangon/Rangoon, Myanmar/Burma
- Yaounde, Cameroon (Quid)
- Zagreb, Croatia - Clickable Map (Euro Ave.)
- Zahleh, Lebanon (DiscoverLebanon)
- Zanzibar, Tanzania (Dewani.ca)
- Zanzibar, Tanzania (Lonely Planet)
- Ziguinchor, Senegal (Google Maps)
- Zurich, Switzerland (Lonely Planet)
- Zurich, Switzerland - Downtown Map
- Zurich, Switzerland - GIS Browser (Kanton Zurich)
- Zurich, Switzerland - Tram Map
- Liste der Hauptstädte der Welt
- Hauptstädte Australiens
- Hauptstädte Brasiliens
- Hauptstädte Deutschlands
- Hauptstädte Kanadas
- Hauptstädte Kasachstans
- Hauptstädte Nigerias
- Hauptstädte Österreichs
- Hauptstädte Polens
- Hauptstädte der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika
- Siehe auch: Liste ehemaliger Hauptstädte
Kurzbeschreibung
Aus unterschiedlichsten Perspektiven und mit großer Liebe zum Detail erweckt der französische Zeichner Jean-Claude Golvin die Welt der Antike zu neuem Leben. Der Betrachter taucht ein in die Hektik des Hafens von Ostia, er steht mitten in einer Versammlung auf dem Kaiserforum in Rom, überblickt die großartige Lage von Delphi aus der Luft und bestaunt die gigantischen Dimensionen des Leuchtturms von Alexandria. Informative Texte zu jedem Ort und ausführliche Erläuterungen zu jedem Bild ergänzen diese ungewöhnliche visuelle Reise durch die untergegangenen Städte des Altertums.
Über den Autor
Jean-Claude Golvin, Architekt, Archäologe und Direktor am renommierten Centre national de la recherche scientifique in Paris, ist der wohl zurzeit beste Zeichner antiker Stadtansichten. Alle seine Bilder basieren auf aktuellsten wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen.
Die spannende Geschichte der Zivilisation: von den ersten Siedlungen bis zu den Megacitys
Seit jeher haben Städte die Geschichte der Menschheit geprägt: Babylon und Ninive, Athen und Rom, Timbuktu und Samarkand, Paris und Amsterdam, London und New York, Tokio und São Paolo.
Der von namhaften Autoren verfasste Bildband beleuchtet die 70 wichtigsten Städte der Menschheit und zeigt deren politische, gesellschaftlich und kulturelle Bedeutung im jeweiligen historischen Kontext. Die Zeitreise führt nach Bagdad zur Zeit der Kalifen, erlaubt einen Gang durch das Florenz der Medici, lässt die goldenen 20er Jahre Berlins aufleben und den Leser in das heutige turbulente Treiben von Sydney und Shanghai eintauchen. Mit 290 Fotos, Gemälden und Karten zeichnet der Band ein lebendiges Porträt der menschlichen Zivilisationsgeschichte.
John Julius Norwich ist Autor wegweisender Werke über die Normannen in Sizilien, die venezianische Republik und das byzantinische Reich. Er arbeitete bei BBC-Fernsehproduktionen mit, u. a. als Verfasser und Moderator einer historischen Dokumentationsreihe.
Ein lebendiges Porträt der menschlichen Zivilisation: Babylon und Ninive, Athen und Rom, Timbuktu und Samarkant, London und New York... Dieser Bildband zeigt ihre politische, wirtschaftliche und kulturelle Bedeutung. Mit 290 Fotos, Gemälden, Karten.
Verlag: Koehler & Amelang, Leipzig 2014
ISBN: 9783733804008
Rezension | 13.04.2015
Megastädte sind nichts Neues
Schneider, Martin
Könnten wir uns in das Jahr 3000 v. Chr. zurückversetzen und die altorientalische Stadt Uruk besuchen, wir wären beeindruckt von ihr. Die Einwohnerzahl zu dieser Zeit wird auf 30 000 bis 50 000 geschätzt. Im Zentrum der Stadt befanden sich beeindruckende Tempelanlagen, und ausgefeilte Bewässerungssysteme leiteten das Wasser des Euphrat in zahlreiche Kanäle. Eine effektive Verwaltung organisierte das Stadtleben; sie hatte für ihre Zwecke eine spezielle Schrift entwickelt.
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Kurzbeschreibung
Faszinierende historische Karten, alte Stadtpläne, Panoramaansichten und detailreiche Stiche porträtieren die Geschichte von historisch bedeutsamen Städten aus allen Epochen und Kontinenten. Von den klassischen Stadtstaaten der Antike über die lebhaften mittelalterlichen Handelszentren und die geometrisch angelegten Residenzstädte des Absolutismus bis hin zu den Industriestädten der Moderne reicht das Panorama. Die sorgfältig ausgewählten Illustrationen entpuppen sich als unerschöpfliche Quelle: Architektur, Anordnung der Straßen und Gebäude, die Gestaltung von öffentlichen Plätzen und Parks, der Bau von Häfen und Fabriken, von Kirchen und Palästen werden zum unverwechselbaren Spiegelbild von Kultur und Gesellschaft der jeweiligen Stadt.
Der Verlag über das Buch
Eine einzigartige Zusammenschau von jahrhundertealten Karten, Plänen, Stichen und Gemälden illustriert die Geschichte von 50 der bedeutendsten Städte der Erde - ein faszinierendes Bucherlebnis der Extraklasse.
Animated: The Rise & Fall of the Largest Cities in the World, from 3,000 BC to the 2020s
in History | November 1st, 2023 3 Comments
This is the first era of human history when more of us live in cities than not. That’s what we’ve often been told in recent years, at least, though the specifics do depend on what kinds of urbanized areas you count as proper cities. Still, this would seem to mark an important inflection point in human history, the past five millennia of which has also been the history of great cities rising and falling, in absolute terms but also relative to one another in size, power, and influence. You can see this animated in the video above from cartographical-historical Youtuber Ollie Bye, previously featured here on Open Culture for his visualizations of the history of London, of the British Empire, and of the entire world.
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Internet-Id | Title | Comment | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Capital |
-- | Ashmore and Cartier | ISO includes with Australia | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Capital |
-- | Baker Island | ISO includes with the US Minor Outlying Islands | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Capital |
-- | The Coral Sea Islands | ISO includes with Australia | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Capital |
-- | Howland Island | ISO includes with the US Minor Outlying Islands | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Capital |
-- | Jan Mayen | ISO includes with Svalbard | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Capital |
-- | Jarvis Island | ISO includes with the US Minor Outlying Islands | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Capital |
-- | Johnston Atoll | ISO includes with the US Minor Outlying Islands | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Capital |
-- | Kingman Reef | ISO includes with the US Minor Outlying Islands | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Capital |
-- | The Midway Islands | ISO includes with the US Minor Outlying Islands | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Capital |
-- | Miscellaneous (French) | ISO includes Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island, Tromelin Island | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Capital |
-- | Montenegro | now included as region within Yugoslavia | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Capital |
-- | Myanmar | see Burma | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Capital |
-- | Navassa Island | -- | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Capital |
-- | The Paracel Islands | -- | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Capital |
-- | Serbia | now included as region within Yugoslavia | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Capital |
-- | Serbia and Montenegro | See Yugoslavia | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Capital |
-- | The Spratly Islands | -- | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Capital |
-- | Virgin Islands (UK) | see British Virgin Islands | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Capital |
-- | Virgin Islands (US) | see Virgin Islands | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Capital |
-- | Wake Island | ISO includes with the US Minor Outlying Islands | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Capital |
-- | Western Samoa | see Samoa | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Capital |
-- | The World | NULL | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Capital |
AE | The United Arab Emirates | -- | Vereinigte Arabische Emirate | DE: Abu Dhabi | FR: Abu Zabi | UK: Abu Dhabi |
AF | Afghanistan | -- | Afghanistan | DE: Kabul | FR: Kaboul | UK: Kabul |
AG | Antigua and Barbuda | -- | Antigua und Barbuda | DE:Saint John's (auf Antigua) | FR: Saint John's | UK: Saint John's |
AI | Anguilla | -- | Anguilla | DE: The Valley | FR: The Valley | UK: The Valley |
AL | Albania | -- | Republik Albanien | DE: Tirana | FR: Tirana | UK: Tirana |
AM | Armenia | -- | Republik Armenien | DE: Jerevan (Eriwan) | FR: Capitale | UK: Yerevan |
AO | Angola | -- | Republik Angola | DE: Luanda | FR: Capitale | UK: Luanda |
AR | Argentina | -- | Argentinien - Argentinische Republik | DE: Buenos Aires | FR: Capitale | UK: Buenos Aires |
AS | American Samoa | -- | Land | DE: Pago Pago | FR: Capitale | UK: Pago Pago |
AT | Austria | -- | Republik Österreich | DE: Wien | FR: Vienne | UK: Vienna |
AZ | Azerbaijan | -- | Republik Aserbaidschan | DE: Baku | FR: Capitale | UK: Baku (Baki) |
BA | Bosnia and Herzegovina | -- | Bosnien und Herzegowina | DE: Sarajevo | FR: Capitale | UK: Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina |
BB | Barbados | -- | Barbados | DE: Bridgetown | FR: Capitale | UK: Bridgetown |
BD | Bangladesh | -- | Volksrepublik Bangladesh | DE: Dhaka (Dacca) | FR: Capitale | UK: Dhaka |
BF | Burkina Faso | -- | Burkina Faso | DE: Ouagadougou | FR: Capitale | UK: Ouagadougou |
BG | Bulgaria | -- | Republik Bulgarien | DE: Sofia | FR: Capitale | UK: Sofia |
BH | Bahrain | -- | Königreich Bahrain | DE: Manama | FR: Capitale | UK: Manama |
BI | Burundi | -- | Republik Burundi | DE: Bujumbura | FR: Capitale | UK: Bujumbura |
BJ | Benin | -- | Republik Benin | DE: Porto Novo | FR: Porto-Novo | UK: Porto-Novo |
BM | Bermuda | -- | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Hamilton |
BN | Brunei | -- | Brunei Darussalam | DE: Bandar Seri Begawan | FR: Capitale | UK: Capital |
BO | Bolivia | -- | Republik Bolivien | DE: Sucre (konstitutionell) La Paz (Regierungssitz) | FR: Sucre (constitutionelle) La Paz (Siège du governement) | UK: Sucre La Paz |
BR | Brazil | -- | Föderative Republik Brasilien | DE: Brasilia | FR: Brasilia | UK: Brasilia |
BS | The Bahamas | -- | Commonwealth der Bahamas | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Nassau |
BT | Bhutan | -- | Königreich Bhutan | DE: Sommer: Thimpu; Winter: Punakka | FR: Capitale | UK: Thimphu |
BV | Bouvet Island | -- | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Capital |
BW | Botswana | -- | Republik Botsuana | DE: Gaborone | FR: Capitale | UK: Gaborone |
BY | Belarus | -- | Republik Belarus Republik Weißrussland | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Minsk |
BZ | Belize | -- | Belize | DE: Belmopan | FR: Capitale | UK: Belmopan |
CA | Canada | -- | Kanada | DE: Ottawa | FR: Ottawa | UK: Ottawa |
CC | The Cocos Islands | -- | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: West Island |
CF | The Central African Republic | -- | Zentralafrikanische Republik | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Bangui |
CH | Switzerland | -- | Schweiz - Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft - Confoederatio Helvetica | DE: Bern | FR: Berne | UK: Bern |
CI | Cote d'Ivoire | -- | Republik Côte d'Ivoire | DE: Yamoussoukro (Regierungssitz: Abidjan) | FR: Capitale | UK: Yamoussoukro |
CK | The Cook Islands | -- | Cookinseln | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Avarua |
CL | Chile | -- | Republik Chile | DE: Santiago de Chile | FR: Santiago | UK: Santiago |
CM | Cameroon | -- | Republik Kamerun | DE: Yaoundé (Jaunde) | FR: Capitale | UK: Yaounde |
CN | China | see also Taiwan | Volksrepublik China | DE: Beijing | FR: Pékin | UK: Beijing |
CO | Colombia | -- | Republik Kolumbien | DE: Bogotá | FR: Bogotá | UK: Bogota |
CR | Costa Rica | -- | Republik Costa Rica | DE: San José | FR: Capitale | UK: San Jose |
CU | Cuba | -- | Republik Kuba | DE: Havanna (La Habana) | FR: Capitale | UK: Havana |
CV | Cape Verde | -- | Republik Kap Verde | DE: Praia (auf São Tiago) | FR: Capitale | UK: Praia |
CY | Cyprus | -- | Republik Zypern | DE: Nikosia | FR: Nicosie | UK: Nicosia |
CZ | The Czech Republic | -- | Tschechische Republik | DE: Prag | FR: Prague | UK: Prague |
DE | Deutschland | -- | Bundesrepublik Deutschland | DE: Berlin | FR: Berlin | UK: Berlin |
DJ | Djibouti | -- | Republik Dschibuti | DE: Dschibuti-Stadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Djibouti |
DK | Denmark | -- | Königreich Dänemark | DE: Kopenhagen | FR: Copenhague | UK: Copenhagen |
DO | The Dominican Republic | -- | Dominikanische Republik | DE: Santo Domingo | FR: Capitale | UK: Santo Domingo |
DZ | Algeria | -- | Algerien - Demokratische Volksrepublik Algerien | DE: Algier | FR: Alger | UK: Algiers |
EC | Ecuador | -- | Republik Ecuador | DE: Quito | FR: Capitale | UK: Quito |
EE | Estonia | -- | Republik Estland | DE: Tallinn (Reval) | FR: ??? | UK: Tallinn |
EH | Western Sahara | -- | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Capital |
ER | Eritrea | -- | Staat Eritrea | DE: Asmara | FR: Capitale | UK: Asmara |
ES | Spain | -- | Königreich Spanien | DE: Madrid | FR: Madrid | UK: Madrid |
EU | Europe | -- | Europa | DE: Brüssel | FR: Capitale | UK: |
FI | Finland | -- | Republik Finnland | DE: Helsinki | FR: Helsinki | UK: Helsinki |
FJ | Fiji | -- | Fidschi - Republik Fidschi-Inseln | DE: Suva (auf Viti Levu) | FR: Capitale | UK: Suva |
FR | France | -- | Frankreich - Französische Republik | DE: Paris | FR: Paris | UK: Paris |
FX | Metropolitan France | ISO limits to the European part of France, excluding French Guiana, French Polynesia, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, New Caledonia, Reunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Wallis and Futuna | Land | DE: Paris | FR: Paris | UK: Paris |
GA | Gabon | -- | Gabun - Gabunische Republik | DE: Libreville | FR: Libreville | UK: Libreville |
GB | Great Britain | -- | Vereinigtes Königreich Großbritannien und Nordirland | DE: London | FR: Londres | UK: London |
GD | Grenada | -- | Grenada | DE: St. George's | FR: Capitale | UK: Saint George's |
GF | French Guiana | -- | Land | DE: Cayenne | FR: Cayenne | UK: Cayenne |
GG | Guernsey | ISO includes with the United Kingdom | Land | DE: Saint Peter Port | FR: Saint Peter Port | UK: Saint Peter Port |
GH | Ghana | -- | Republik Ghana | DE: Accra | FR: Capitale | UK: Accra |
GL | Greenland | -- | Land | DE: Nuuk | FR: Nuuk | UK: Nuuk |
GM | The Gambia | -- | Republik Gambia | DE: Banjul | FR: Banjul | UK: Banjul |
GN | Guinea | -- | Republik Guinea | DE: Conakry | FR: Conakry | UK: Conakry |
GP | Guadeloupe | -- | Guadeloupe | DE: Basse-Terre | FR: Basse-Terre | UK: Basse-Terre |
GQ | Equatorial Guinea | -- | Republik Äquatorialguinea | DE:Malabo (auf Bioko) | FR: DE:Malabo | UK: Malabo |
GR | Greece | -- | Griechenland - Hellenische Republik | DE: Athen | FR: Athènes | UK: Athens |
GT | Guatemala | -- | Republik Guatemala | DE: Guatemala-Stadt | FR: Guatemala Ciudad | UK: Guatemala |
GU | Guam | -- | Land | DE: Agana | FR: Agana | UK: Agana |
GW | Guinea-Bissau | -- | Republik Guinea-Bissau | DE: Bissau | FR: Bissau | UK: Bissau |
GY | Guyana | -- | Kooperative Republik Guyana | DE: Georgetown | FR: Georgetown | UK: Georgetown |
HK | Xianggang | -- | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Capital |
HM | The Heard Island and McDonald Islands | -- | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Capital |
HN | Honduras | -- | Republik Honduras | DE: Tegucigalpa | FR: Capitale | UK: Tegucigalpa |
HR | Croatia | -- | Republik Kroatien | DE: Zagreb | FR: Zagreb | UK: Zagreb |
HT | Haiti | -- | Republik Haiti | DE: Port-au-Prince | FR: Capitale | UK: Port-au-Prince |
HU | Hungary | -- | Republik Ungarn | DE: Budapest | FR: Budapest | UK: Budapest |
IE | Ireland | -- | Irland | DE: Dublin | FR: Dublin | UK: Dublin |
IL | Israel | -- | Staat Israel | DE: Jerusalem | FR: Jérusalem | UK: Jerusalem |
IM | The Isle of Man | ISO includes with the United Kingdom | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Douglas |
IN | India | -- | Republik Indien | DE: New Delhi | FR: New Delhi | UK: New Delhi |
IO | The British Indian Ocean Territory | -- | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Capital |
IQ | Iraq | -- | Republik Irak | DE: Bagdad | FR: Bagdad | UK: Baghdad |
IR | Iran | -- | Islamische Republik Iran | DE: Teheran | FR: Téhéran | UK: Tehran |
IS | Iceland | -- | Republik Island | DE: Reykjavík | FR: Reykjavík | UK: Reykjavik |
IT | Italia | -- | Italien - Italienische Republik | DE: Rom | FR: Rome | UK: Rome |
JE | Jersey | ISO includes with the United Kingdom | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Saint Helier |
JM | Jamaica | -- | Jamaika | DE: Kingston | FR: Kingston | UK: Kingston |
JO | Jordan | -- | Haschemitisches Königreich Jordanien | DE: Amman | FR: Capitale | UK: Amman |
JP | Japan | - | Japan | DE: Tokio | FR: Tokyo | UK: Tokyo |
KE | Kenya | -- | Republik Kenia | DE: Nairobi | FR: Nairobi | UK: Nairobi |
KG | Kyrgyzstan | -- | Kirgisistan - Kirgisische Republik | DE: Bischkek | FR: Capitale | UK: Bishkek |
KH | Cambodia | -- | Königreich Kambodscha | DE: Phnom Penh | FR: Capitale | UK: Phnom Penh |
KI | Kiribati | -- | Republik Kiribati | DE:Bairiki (auf Tarawa) | FR: Capitale | UK: Tarawa |
KM | Comoros | -- | Union der Komoren | DE: Moroni (auf Njazidja) | FR: Capitale | UK: Moroni |
KN | Saint Kitts and Nevis | -- | "Föderation St. Kitts und Nevis Saint Kitts and Nevis / St. Christoph und Nevis" | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Basseterre |
KP | North Korea | -- | Demokratische Volksrepublik Korea | DE: Pjöngjang | FR: Capitale | UK: P'yongyang |
KR | South Korea | -- | Republik Korea | DE: Seoul [Sòul] | FR: Capitale | UK: Seoul |
KW | Al Kuwayt | -- | Staat Kuwait | DE: Kuwait-Stadt (Al-Kuwayt) | FR: Capitale | UK: Kuwait |
KY | The Cayman Islands | -- | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: George Town |
KZ | Kazakhstan | -- | Republik Kasachstan | DE: Astana (früher Akmola) | FR: Capitale | UK: Astana |
LA | Laos | -- | Demokratische Volksrepublik Laos | DE: Vientiane (Viangchan) | FR: Capitale | UK: Vientiane |
LB | Lebanon | -- | Libanon - Libanesische Republik | DE: Beirut | FR: Capitale | UK: Beirut |
LC | Saint Lucia | -- | St. Lucia | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Castries |
LK | Sri Lanka | -- | Demokratische Sozialistische Republik Sri Lanka | DE: Colombo | FR: Colombo | UK: Colombo |
LR | Liberia | -- | Republik Liberia | DE: Monrovia | FR: Monrovia | UK: Monrovia |
LT | Lithuania | -- | Republik Litauen | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Vilnius |
LV | Latvia | -- | Republik Lettland | DE: Riga | FR: Capitale | UK: Riga |
LY | Libya | -- | Sozialistische Libysch-Arabische Volks-Dschamahirija | DE: Tripolis | FR: Capitale | UK: Tripoli |
MA | Morocco | -- | Königreich Marokko | DE: Rabat-Salé | FR: Rabat | UK: Rabat |
MC | Monaco | -- | Fürstentum Monaco | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Monaco |
MD | Moldova | -- | Republik Moldawien (Moldau) | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Chisinau |
MG | Madagascar | -- | Republik Madagaskar | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Antananarivo |
MK | Makedonija | -- | ehemalige jugoslawische Republik Mazedonien | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Skopje |
ML | Mali | -- | Republik Mali | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Bamako |
MM | Burma | ISO uses the name Myanmar | Union Myanmar | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Rangoon |
MN | Mongolia | -- | Mongolei | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Ulaanbaatar |
MO | Macao | -- | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Capital |
MP | The Northern Mariana Islands | -- | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Saipan |
MQ | Martinique | -- | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Fort-de-France |
MR | Mauritania | -- | Islamische Republik Mauretanien | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Nouakchott |
MS | Montserrat | -- | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Plymouth |
MT | Malta | -- | Republik Malta | DE: Valletta | FR: Valette | UK: Valletta |
MU | Mauritius | -- | Republik Mauritius | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Port Louis |
MW | Malawi | -- | Republik Malawi | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Lilongwe |
MX | Mexico | -- | Mexiko - Vereinigte Mexikanische Staaten | DE: Mexiko-Stadt (Ciudad de Méxiko) | FR: México | UK: Mexico |
MY | Malaysia | -- | Malaysia | DE: Kuala Lumpur | FR: Kuala Lumpur | UK: Kuala Lumpur |
MZ | Mozambique | -- | Republik Mosambik | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Maputo |
NA | Namibia | -- | Republik Namibia | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Windhoek |
NC | New Caledonia | -- | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Noumea |
NE | Niger | -- | Republik Niger | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Niamey |
NF | Norfolk Island | -- | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Kingston |
NG | Nigeria | -- | Bundesrepublik Nigeria | DE: Abuja | FR: Abuja | UK: Abuja |
NI | Nicaragua | -- | Republik Nicaragua | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Managua |
NL | The Netherlands | -- | Königreich der Niederlande | DE: Amsterdam Regierungssizu: Den Haag | FR: Amsterdam / La Haye | UK: Amsterdam |
NO | Norway | -- | Königreich Norwegen | DE: Oslo | FR: Oslo | UK: Oslo |
NP | Nepal | -- | Königreich Nepal | DE: Kathmandu | FR: Katmandou | UK: Kathmandu |
NR | Nauru | -- | Republik Nauru | DE: Yaren | FR: Capitale | UK: Capital |
NU | Niue | -- | Niue | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Alofi |
NZ | New Zealand | -- | Neuseeland | DE: Wellington | FR: Wellington | UK: Wellington |
OM | Oman | -- | Sultanat Oman | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Muscat |
PA | Panama | -- | Republik Panama | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Panama |
PG | Papua New Guinea | -- | Unabhängiger Staat Papua-Neuguinea | DE: Port Moresby | FR: Port Moresby | UK: Port Moresby |
PH | The Philippines | -- | Republik der Philippinen | DE: Manila | FR: Manille | UK: Manila |
PK | Pakistan | -- | Islamische Republik Pakistan | DE: Islamabad | FR: Islamabad | UK: Islamabad |
PL | Poland | -- | Republik Polen | DE: Warszawa (Warschau) | FR: Varsovie | UK: Warsaw |
PM | Saint Pierre and Miquelon | -- | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Saint-Pierre |
PR | Puerto Rico | -- | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: San Juan |
PS | Palestine | NULL | Land | DE: ??? | FR: ??? | UK: ??? |
PT | Portugal | -- | Portugal - Portugiesische Republik | DE: Lisabon | FR: Lisbonne | UK: Lisbon |
PW | Palau | -- | Republik Palau | DE: Koror | FR: Capitale | UK: Koror |
PY | Paraguay | -- | Republik Paraguay | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Asuncion |
QA | Qatar | -- | Staat Katar | DE: Doha (Ad-Dawhah) | FR: Capitale | UK: Doha |
RE | Réunion | -- | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Saint-Denis |
RO | Romania | -- | Rumänien | DE: Bukarest | FR: Bucarest | UK: Bucharest |
RU | Russia | -- | Russische Föderation | DE: Moskau | FR: Moscou | UK: Moscow |
RW | Rwanda | -- | Republik Ruanda | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Kigali |
SA | Saudi Arabia | -- | Königreich Saudi-Arabie | DE: Er Riad | FR: Riyad | UK: Riyadh |
SB | The Solomon Islands | -- | Salomonen, Salomoninseln | DE: Honiara | FR: Capitale | UK: Honiara |
SC | Seychelles | -- | Republik Seychellen | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Victoria |
SD | Sudan | -- | Republik Sudan | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Khartoum |
SE | Sweden | -- | Königreich Schweden | DE: Stockholm | FR: Stockholm | UK: Stockholm |
SG | Singapore | -- | Republik Singapur | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Singapore |
SH | Saint Helena | -- | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Jamestown |
SI | Slovenia | -- | Republik Slowenien | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Ljubljana |
SJ | Svalbard | ISO includes Jan Mayen | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Longyearbyen |
SK | Slovakia | -- | Slowakei - Slowakische Republik | DE: Bratislava | FR: Bratislava | UK: Bratislava |
SL | Sierra Leone | -- | Republik Sierra Leon | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Freetown |
SM | San Marino | -- | Republik San Marino | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: San Marino |
SN | Senegal | -- | Republik Senegal | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Dakar |
SO | Somalia | -- | Republik Somalia | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Mogadishu |
SR | Suriname | -- | Republik Suriname | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Paramaribo |
ST | São Tomé and Príncipe | -- | Demokratische Republik São Tomé und Príncipe | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Sao Tome |
SV | El Salvador | -- | Republik El Salvador | DE: San Salvador | FR: Capitale | UK: San Salvador |
SY | Syria | -- | Arabische Republik Syrien | DE: Damaskus | FR: Damas | UK: Damascus |
SZ | Swaziland | -- | Königreich Swasiland | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Mbabane |
TC | The Turks and Caicos Islands | -- | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Cockburn Town |
TD | Chad | -- | Republik Tschad | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: N'Djamena |
TG | Togo | -- | Republik Togo | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Lome |
TH | Thailand | -- | Königreich Thailand | DE: Bangkok | FR: Bangkok | UK: Bangkok |
TJ | Tajikistan | -- | Tadschikistan - Republik Tadschikistan | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Dushanbe |
TK | Tokelau | -- | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Capital |
TM | Turkmenistan | -- | Turkmenistan | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Ashgabat |
TN | Tunisia | -- | Tunesien - Tunesische Republik | DE: Tunis | FR: Tunis | UK: Tunis |
TO | Tonga | -- | Königreich Tonga | DE: Nuku'alofa (auf Tongatapú) | FR: Nukualofa | UK: Nuku'alofa |
TP | East Timor | NULL | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Capital |
TR | Turkey | -- | Republik Türkei | DE: Ankara | FR: Ankara | UK: Ankara |
TT | Trinidad and Tobago | -- | Republik Trinidad und Tobago | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Port-of-Spain |
TV | Tuvalu | -- | Tuvalu | DE: Fongafale | FR: Capitale | UK: Funafuti |
TW | Taiwan | -- | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Taipei |
TZ | Tanzania | -- | Vereinigte Republik Tansania | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Dar es Salaam |
UA | The Ukraine | -- | Ukraine | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Kiev |
UG | Uganda | -- | Republik Uganda | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Kampala |
UK | The United Kingdom | ISO includes Guernsey, Isle of Man, Jersey | Vereinigtes Königreich Großbritannien und Nordirland | DE: London | FR: Londres | UK: London |
US | The United States | -- | Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika | DE: Washington | FR: Washington | UK: Washington DC |
UZ | Uzbekistan | -- | Republik Usbekistan | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Tashkent |
VC | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | -- | St. Vincent und die Grenadinen | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Kingstown |
VE | Venezuela | -- | Bolivarische Republik Venezuela | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Caracas |
VG | The British Virgin Islands | -- | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Road Town |
VI | The Virgin Islands | -- | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Charlotte Amalie |
VN | Vietnam | -- | Sozialistische Republik Vietnam | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Hanoi |
VU | Vanuatu | -- | Republik Vanuatu | DE: Vila | FR: Capitale | UK: Port-Vila |
WF | Wallis and Futuna | -- | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Mata-Utu |
WS | Samoa | NULL | Unabhängiger Staat Samoa | DE: Apia | FR: Capitale | UK: Apia |
YE | Yemen | -- | Republik Jemen | DE: Sana | FR: Sana | UK: Sanaa |
YT | Mayotte | -- | Land | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Mamoutzou |
YU | Yugoslavia | NULL | Serbien und Montenegro (Jugoslawien) | DE: Belgrad | FR: Capitale | UK: Belgrade |
ZM | Zambia | -- | Republik Sambia | DE: Hauptstadt | FR: Capitale | UK: Lusaka |